C1 noun
B2 adjective /ɪkˈskluːsɪv/
exclusive
Meaning
restricted to a particular person, group, or area; not shared with others
Example
The hotel offers exclusive access to a private beach.
C1 adjective /vɪˈveɪʃəs/
vivacious
Meaning
Attractively lively and animated.
Example
She was admired for her vivacious personality.
B1 noun /ˈsɛtʌp/
setup
Meaning
an arrangement of things or the way in which something is organized or prepared
Example
The setup of the event took hours to complete.
A2 verb /ɪnˈvaɪt/
invite
Meaning
to ask someone to come to an event or to do something
Example
We should invite all our friends to the party.
A2 noun, verb /ˈriːzən/
reason
Meaning
A cause, explanation, or justification for an action or event; to think or argue logically.
Example
There is no reason to be upset.
C2 adjective /ˈflɪpənt/
flippant
Meaning
not showing a serious or respectful attitude
Example
His flippant remarks annoyed the teacher.
C1 noun /rəˈviːn/
ravine
Meaning
A deep, narrow valley with steep sides.
Example
The river carved a deep ravine through the mountains.
B2 noun /dʒiːn/
gene
Meaning
A unit of heredity in living organisms, transferred from parent to offspring, determining traits.
Example
Eye color is influenced by genes inherited from parents.
B2 adjective /ˌdɪp.ləˈmæt.ɪk/
Diplomatic
Meaning
relating to diplomacy; tactful; skilled in managing relationships
Example
She gave a diplomatic answer to avoid offending anyone.
C2 noun /ˌeɪd də ˈkæmp/
aide-de-camp
Meaning
A military officer acting as a confidential assistant to a senior officer.
Example
The general was accompanied by his aide-de-camp during the ceremony.
B2 noun /ˈmɜːrdərər/
murderer
Meaning
a person who unlawfully kills another human being with intent
Example
The murderer was caught by the police within hours.
B2 adverb /ˌðɛərˈbaɪ/
Thereby
Meaning
as a result of that; by that means
Example
He worked hard and thereby achieved success.
B2 adjective /ˈænɪmeɪtɪd/
animated
Meaning
Full of life or excitement; made using animation techniques.
Example
The animated film was loved by children and adults alike.
A1 verb /hæv/
have
Meaning
to possess, own, or hold
Example
They have three children.
C2 noun /ɡiː/
Ghee
Meaning
clarified butter used in South Asian cooking
Example
She used ghee instead of butter for cooking the rice.
B2 noun /ˈsɪmptəm/
symptom
Meaning
a sign or indication of something, especially of an illness
Example
Fever is a common symptom of the flu.
C1 verb /ˈʃækəl/
shackle
Meaning
to chain or restrain; to restrict someone’s actions or freedom
Example
Outdated regulations shackle small businesses and slow innovation.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈkæni/
uncanny
Meaning
Strange or mysterious, especially in an unsettling way.
Example
She has an uncanny ability to predict the future.
C1 noun /ˈstɛnsəl/
stencil
Meaning
A thin sheet of material with a design cut out, used to produce the design on the surface below by applying paint or ink through the cut-out holes.
Example
The artist used a stencil to paint identical stars on the wall.
C1 adjective /ˈrɪvɪtɪŋ/
riveting
Meaning
extremely interesting; holding the complete attention
Example
The movie was so riveting that nobody looked away.
B2 verb /ɪkˈspɛl/
expel
Meaning
to officially force someone to leave a place or organization
Example
The student was expelled from school for misconduct.
B2 noun ˌæl.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃənz
allegations
Meaning
Claims or assertions that someone has done something illegal or wrong, typically without proof.
Example
The allegations were investigated by an international body.
B1 noun /ˈænəlɪst/
analyst
Meaning
a person who studies or examines something carefully to understand it or make decisions
Example
The financial analyst predicted a rise in the stock market.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈdʒɛnjuəs/
ingenuous
Meaning
Innocent, naive, and unsuspecting; showing childlike simplicity and sincerity.
Example
Her ingenuous smile revealed her genuine kindness.
B2 noun ˌɪm.plɪˈkeɪ.ʃən
implication
Meaning
A conclusion that can be drawn from something although it is not explicitly stated; a likely consequence.
Example
The implication of climate change is severe.
C2 adjective /ˈpɑːrtəbl/
partible
Meaning
capable of being divided or separated
Example
The estate was partible among the heirs.
B2 noun /ˈdaʊn.fɔːl/
Downfall
Meaning
a loss of power, prosperity, or status; the cause of such a loss
Example
His arrogance and pride led to his eventual downfall in business.
A2 adjective ˈfɪz.ɪ.kəl
physical
Meaning
Relating to things perceived through the senses as opposed to the mind; tangible or concrete.
Example
Physical components form the system's base.
C1 verb /doʊt/
dote
Meaning
to show excessive love or fondness for someone or something
Example
She tends to dote on her grandchildren.
C2 adjective /ˌɪmpɪˈkjuːniəs/
impecunious
Meaning
Having little or no money; poor.
Example
He grew up in an impecunious family.
C2 noun /vəˈliːɪti/
velleity
Meaning
A wish or inclination not strong enough to lead to action.
Example
His interest in painting never grew beyond a mere velleity.
B2 adverb /ˈkɒnsɪkwəntli/
consequently
Meaning
as a result; therefore
Example
He didn’t study, and consequently he failed the exam.
C2 noun /ˌɔːltərˈkeɪʃən/
altercation
Meaning
a noisy argument or quarrel
Example
There was a brief altercation between the two drivers.
C2 noun /mælˈfiːzəns/
malfeasance
Meaning
Wrongdoing or misconduct, especially by a public official.
Example
The mayor was accused of malfeasance in office.
C1 verb /rɪˈsɜːrdʒ/
resurge
Meaning
To rise, increase, or become active again after a decline.
Example
Interest in traditional crafts has begun to resurge.
B1 noun /ˈbæɹɪəz/
barriers
Meaning
Something that prevents progress or access; obstacles or hindrances.
Example
Language barriers can make communication difficult.
B2 verb ˈel.ɪ.veɪt
elevate
Meaning
To lift to a higher position; to raise to a more important or impressive level.
Example
Good leadership can elevate team performance.
C1 verb ɪˈmɜːrs
immerse
Meaning
To involve oneself deeply in a particular activity or interest; to surround completely.
Example
Immerse yourself in the new language.
C1 verb ˈflʌk.tʃu.eɪt
fluctuate
Meaning
To regularly increase or decrease.
Example
Stock prices fluctuate due to market conditions.
C2 noun dɪsˈbɜːs.mənt
disbursement
Meaning
The payment of money from a fund.
Example
The company's disbursement of salaries was delayed.
C2 noun /ˈvoʊkəbəl/
vocable
Meaning
a word, term, or sound that has meaning
Example
The dictionary contained thousands of vocables from different languages.
C2 noun /wɜːrl/
whorl
Meaning
A pattern of spirals or concentric circles, often found in fingerprints, shells, or flowers.
Example
The fingerprint displayed a clear whorl pattern.
B2 verb /ˈænəlaɪz/
analyze
Meaning
to examine something in detail to understand it better or draw conclusions
Example
Scientists analyze data to discover new patterns.
A1 verb /ɡroʊ/
grow
Meaning
to become larger or greater over a period of time; to develop
Example
Plants grow faster in spring.
A2 adjective /faɪn/
Fine
Meaning
good; excellent; thin; delicate; high quality
Example
The weather is fine today.
C1 noun /ˈbærɪstər/
barrister
Meaning
A type of lawyer in certain legal systems who specializes in courtroom advocacy and litigation.
Example
The barrister argued the case passionately before the judge.
B2 noun /ɡreɪn/
Grain
Meaning
wheat or any other cultivated cereal crop used as food; a single seed of a cereal
Example
The farmer stored large quantities of grain in the barn after the harvest.
B2 adjective /dɛns/
dense
Meaning
Closely compacted in substance; having parts crowded together.
Example
The forest was so dense that little sunlight reached the ground.
C1 adjective /prɪˈkoʊʃəs/
precocious
Meaning
Showing advanced development or maturity at an unusually early age.
Example
The precocious child was reading novels at the age of five.
B2 noun /ˈeɪ.prɪ.kɒt/
Apricot
Meaning
a small orange-colored fruit with a soft skin and sweet flesh
Example
The apricot tree produces sweet fruit in summer.
C2 adjective /sɪˈkweɪʃəs/
sequacious
Meaning
Lacking independence of thought; blindly following.
Example
The sequacious students never questioned their teacher's opinions.
C2 adjective /ˈleɪ.tɪʃ/
latish
Meaning
Somewhat late; occurring or arriving later than usual but not very late.
Example
We arrived latish to the party but still caught most of the fun.
B2 noun /həˈraɪ.zən/
horizon
Meaning
the line where the earth seems to meet the sky; the limit of one's knowledge, experience, or interest
Example
The sun disappeared below the horizon.
A2 adjective /ɪmˈbærəst/
embarrassed
Meaning
feeling awkward, ashamed, or self-conscious about something
Example
He felt embarrassed when he forgot her name.
B1 noun /ˌek.sɪˈbɪʃ.ən/
Exhibition
Meaning
a public display of works of art or other items of interest
Example
The art exhibition featured paintings from local artists throughout the region.
B1 noun /ˈtæblət/
tablet
Meaning
a small flat computer or a small solid dose of medicine
Example
She took a tablet to relieve her headache.
B2 adjective səˈfɪs.tɪ.keɪ.tɪd
sophisticated
Meaning
Having great knowledge or experience of the world and knowing about fashion, culture, and other things that people think are socially important; highly developed or complex.
Example
Sophisticated designs enhance aesthetics.
C2 noun /ˌpænəˈdʒɪrɪk/
panegyric
Meaning
a formal speech or piece of writing in praise of someone or something
Example
The author wrote a panegyric on the bravery of the soldiers.
A1 noun /skuːl/
school
Meaning
An institution for educating children; also a group of people sharing the same ideas or discipline.
Example
The children walked to school together.
B2 verb /bɪˈtreɪ/
betray
Meaning
to be disloyal to; to reveal secrets
Example
He felt betrayed by his closest friend.
B2 noun /dɪsˈkʌmfərt/
discomfort
Meaning
A feeling of slight pain, unease, or awkwardness.
Example
She shifted in her chair due to discomfort in her back.
B1 noun /leɪn/
lane
Meaning
a narrow road or path, often in the countryside or for specific traffic
Example
They walked down a quiet country lane.
C1 noun /ˈmɒn.ə.stər.i/
Monastery
Meaning
a building or group of buildings where monks live and worship
Example
The ancient monastery was built on a hilltop.
C2 noun /tɪlθ/
tilth
Meaning
The physical condition of soil in relation to its suitability for planting crops.
Example
The farmer checked the soil's tilth before planting the seeds.
B2 verb /əˈspaɪər/
aspire
Meaning
to have a strong desire to achieve something
Example
Many students aspire to study abroad.
C1 noun /pəˈpaɪrəs/
papyrus
Meaning
An ancient writing material made from the pith of the papyrus plant; also refers to the plant itself.
Example
The ancient scroll was written on papyrus.
A2 noun /ˈtɜːr.nɪŋ/
Turning
Meaning
a place where a road branches off from another; a side road
Example
Take the first turning on the left.
B1 noun /ˈsɪtɪzən/
citizen
Meaning
a legally recognized subject or national of a state
Example
Every citizen has the right to vote.
C1 noun /ˈæbdəmən/
abdomen
Meaning
The part of the body below the chest and above the hips that contains the stomach and other organs.
Example
He complained of pain in his abdomen.
B2 adjective /ˈvʌl.nər.ə.bəl/
vulnerable
Meaning
susceptible to physical or emotional harm
Example
Children are often the most vulnerable in times of crisis.
B2 noun /kɒk/
Cock
Meaning
an adult male chicken
Example
The cock crowed loudly at dawn to wake everyone up.
B2 noun ˈmɒn.ɪ.tər.ɪŋ
monitoring
Meaning
The action of observing and checking the progress or quality of something over a period of time.
Example
Monitoring ensures compliance with standards.
C1 noun ˈfeɪz.aʊt
phase-out
Meaning
A gradual reduction and eventual elimination of something.
Example
A phase-out of fossil fuels was agreed upon.
C1 noun/verb /ˈɪmprɪnt/
imprint
Meaning
A mark or impression made by pressure; to establish or fix firmly in someone's mind.
Example
The event left an indelible imprint on the city's history.
B2 adjective ˌkɒn.trəˈvɜː.ʃəl
controversial
Meaning
Giving rise to public disagreement or heated discussion.
Example
The policy remains controversial.
C1 noun /kənˈkʌrəns/
concurrence
Meaning
Agreement or union in action, opinion, or occurrence; simultaneous happening of events.
Example
The project was completed with the concurrence of all departments.
B2 adjective /dɪˈvaɪn/
Divine
Meaning
heavenly; sacred; godlike; relating to God or a deity
Example
The divine beauty of the sunset took their breath away.
B2 adjective /ˈlɪniər/
linear
Meaning
Arranged in or extending along a straight line.
Example
The artist used linear perspective in his drawings.
C2 noun /ˌɪnkrʌˈsteɪʃən/
incrustation
Meaning
a crust or hard coating formed on the surface of something
Example
The old pipes were blocked due to heavy incrustation of minerals.
B2 noun /ˈpɪs.təl/
Pistol
Meaning
a small gun that can be held and fired with one hand
Example
The officer drew his pistol from the holster.
C1 verb /əˈsɪm.ɪ.leɪt/
assimilate
Meaning
To take in and understand fully; to absorb and integrate into one's knowledge or culture.
Example
Immigrants often struggle to assimilate into a new culture.
C2 noun /ˈlɛtʃ.əri/
lechery
Meaning
excessive or offensive sexual desire; lustfulness
Example
The novel depicted the lechery of corrupt nobles.
B2 noun /ˈkɒn.flɪkt ˌrez.əˈluː.ʃən/
conflict resolution
Meaning
The process of finding peaceful solutions to disputes or disagreements between parties.
Example
Conflict resolution is vital for global peace.
B2 verb /kənˈsiːl/
conceal
Meaning
to hide something or keep it secret
Example
He tried to conceal his disappointment behind a smile.
A2 adjective /ˈnɔːti/
naughty
Meaning
Disobedient or mischievous, often in a playful or mildly bad way.
Example
The naughty child drew on the walls with crayons.
C2 noun /ˌɡæskəˈneɪd/
gasconade
Meaning
Extravagant boasting or bragging.
Example
His endless gasconade made him unpopular among his peers.
B2 noun /ˈoʊ.vər ɡroʊθ/
Over growth
Meaning
excessive growth beyond normal size; too much development or expansion
Example
The overgrowth of weeds made the garden look untidy.
B2 noun /ˈsɜːdʒən/
surgeon
Meaning
a doctor who performs medical operations
Example
The surgeon performed a complex heart operation.
B1 noun /ˈtaɪ.təl/
Title
Meaning
the name of a book, movie, or other work; a word used before someone's name to show rank or status
Example
The title of the book is very interesting.
A2 adjective /ˈkruːəl/
cruel
Meaning
Willfully causing pain or suffering to others, or feeling no concern about it.
Example
It was cruel to make fun of the injured boy.
A2 adjective /mɪkst/
mixed
Meaning
consisting of different elements or having varied opinions or feelings
Example
The audience had mixed reactions to the film.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈhɛrənt/
inherent
Meaning
Existing in something as a natural, permanent, or essential quality.
Example
There are inherent risks in extreme sports.
C1 noun /sɪlt/
silt
Meaning
Fine sand, clay, or other material carried by running water and deposited as a sediment.
Example
The river deposited layers of silt along its banks.
A1 noun /dʒuˈlaɪ/
July
Meaning
the seventh month of the year in the Gregorian calendar
Example
July is often the hottest month of the year.
C2 noun /ˈpɒm.əl/
pommel
Meaning
the rounded knob on the handle of a sword or saddle
Example
He gripped the sword firmly by the pommel.
A1 noun /hɔːrs/
Horse
Meaning
a large domesticated mammal used for riding and pulling loads
Example
The horse galloped across the field with great speed.
C1 verb /raʊz/
rouse
Meaning
To awaken from sleep or to stir into action.
Example
The loud alarm roused him from his deep sleep.
C1 adjective rɪsk-ədˈʤɛstɪd
risk-adjusted
Meaning
Modified or calibrated to account for risk factors in investment returns.
Example
Risk-adjusted returns consider both potential profit and loss.
B1 noun /ˈɛər.kræft/
aircraft
Meaning
A vehicle, such as an airplane or helicopter, that can fly in the air.
Example
The military aircraft flew over the city.
C2 noun /ˈɑːrkeɪndʒəl/
archangel
Meaning
A high-ranking angel, often considered a chief messenger or leader among angels.
Example
Michael is often depicted as the most powerful archangel.
B2 noun rɪˈsɛʃ.ən
recession
Meaning
A period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced.
Example
The country faced a severe recession due to the financial crisis.
B2 noun /ˌaɪ.səˈleɪ.ʃən/
Isolation
Meaning
the process or fact of isolating or being isolated; separation from other people or things
Example
The patient was kept in isolation to prevent the spread of the infectious disease.
C1 adjective ˌɪn.trəˈspek.tɪv
introspective
Meaning
Characterized by or given to introspection; examining one's own thoughts and feelings.
Example
Writers tend to be highly introspective individuals.
B2 adjective /ˈθɜːrməl/
thermal
Meaning
Related to heat or temperature.
Example
She wore a thermal jacket to stay warm in winter.
C1 noun /ˈdɔːrˌkiːpər/
doorkeeper
Meaning
A person whose job is to guard or manage the entrance of a building or room.
Example
The doorkeeper checked everyone’s passes before they entered the hall.
C1 verb /smɛlt/
smelt
Meaning
to extract metal from its ore by heating and melting
Example
The workers smelt iron from its ore in the factory.
C2 noun ˈoʊʃən ˌstrætɪfɪˈkeɪʃən
ocean stratification
Meaning
The formation of layers in ocean water due to differences in density.
Example
Ocean stratification affects marine biodiversity.
C2 adjective /kəˈprɪʃəs/
capricious
Meaning
given to sudden and unaccountable changes of mood or behavior
Example
The stock market can be capricious, shifting dramatically without warning.
C1 noun /djʊˈrɛs/
duress
Meaning
threats, violence, or pressure used to force someone to do something
Example
She signed the contract under duress.
C2 verb /raɪv/
rive
Meaning
to tear apart violently
Example
The earthquake rived the ground in several places.
B2 adjective /ɪɡˈzɑːtɪk/
exotic
Meaning
Unusual and attractive because it is from a foreign place or culture.
Example
The garden was filled with exotic plants from tropical countries.
B1 verb /rɑːb/
rob
Meaning
to steal money or property from a person or place; to commit robbery
Example
The thief tried to rob the bank last night.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈlaɪ.tənd/
Enlightened
Meaning
having or showing a rational, modern outlook; having spiritual knowledge or understanding
Example
The enlightened teacher shared wisdom with all her students.
B1 noun /ˈʃoʊldər/
Shoulder
Meaning
the part of the body between the neck and the arm
Example
He carried the bag over his shoulder.
B2 noun /ˈdʒæn.ɪ.tər/
Janitor
Meaning
a person employed to clean and maintain a building; a caretaker
Example
The school janitor worked late every evening to ensure the classrooms were spotless.
C1 noun prəˈpɛn.sə.ti
propensity
Meaning
An inclination or natural tendency to behave in a particular way.
Example
He has a propensity for taking risks in business.
A2 noun ʃef
chef
Meaning
A professional cook, especially the chief cook in a restaurant or hotel.
Example
The chef specializes in avant-garde dishes.
B1 noun /ˈsæl.ər.i/
Salary
Meaning
a fixed regular payment, typically paid on a monthly basis
Example
She receives a good salary for her work as a teacher.
C2 noun /ˈpɜr.fɪ.di/
Perfidy
Meaning
deliberate breach of faith or trust; treachery; betrayal of trust
Example
His perfidy shocked all who had trusted him.
C1 noun /kənˈtɛnʃən/
contention
Meaning
heated disagreement or argument; a point asserted in debate
Example
The main contention between the two parties was over tax reform.