C2 noun
C2 verb /ˈwiːdəl/
wheedle
Meaning
to persuade or coax someone by using flattery or smooth talk
Example
She managed to wheedle extra pocket money from her father.
C2 verb /ˈdʒɛsteɪt/
gestate
Meaning
to carry and develop in the womb during pregnancy; to develop an idea over a period of time
Example
The mother whale gestates her calf for over a year.
C2 adjective /ˈæpəˌleɪt/
appellate
Meaning
relating to appeals in a court of law
Example
The case was taken to an appellate court.
C1 noun /ˈreɪ.biːz/
rabies
Meaning
A viral disease that causes inflammation of the brain in humans and other mammals, usually transmitted through animal bites.
Example
The dog was vaccinated against rabies.
A2 noun /ˈbɪznəsˌwʊmən/
businesswoman
Meaning
a woman who works in business, especially one who owns or manages a company
Example
The businesswoman expanded her company into international markets.
C2 noun /ɪmˌpɜːrtərbəˈbɪləti/
imperturbability
Meaning
The quality of being calm and not easily disturbed or upset.
Example
Her imperturbability during the crisis impressed everyone.
C1 adjective /pərˈveɪsɪv/
pervasive
Meaning
Existing in or spreading through every part of something
Example
Pervasive technology has become a fundamental part of daily life.
C1 noun /ˈnjuːɑːns/
nuance
Meaning
A subtle difference in shade of meaning, appearance, or sound.
Example
He noticed the subtle nuance in her expression.
B2 noun /ˈtʃæpəl/
chapel
Meaning
A small church or a room used for Christian worship, often within a larger building.
Example
The couple got married in a small countryside chapel.
C2 adjective /ˌæntɪdəˈluːviən/
antediluvian
Meaning
extremely old-fashioned; belonging to the time before the biblical flood
Example
His views on women are positively antediluvian.
B2 noun /məˈʃiː.nər.i/
machinery
Meaning
machines collectively, or the parts of a machine; also, the system or process by which something works
Example
The factory invested in new machinery to increase production.
A2 verb /hɜːrt/
hurt
Meaning
to cause pain or injury; to feel pain physically or emotionally
Example
My back hurts from sitting too long.
C1 noun /ɪnˈdɪrmənt/
endearment
Meaning
A word or phrase expressing affection or love.
Example
She whispered a gentle endearment to her child.
C1 noun /kəˈres/
Caress
Meaning
a gentle or loving touch
Example
The mother's gentle caress calmed the crying baby.
C1 noun, adjective /ˈɡʊrmeɪ/
gourmet
Meaning
A person who appreciates fine food and drink; also refers to high-quality food.
Example
They went to a gourmet restaurant to celebrate their anniversary.
C1 noun /ˈmædʒɪstreɪt/
magistrate
Meaning
A civil officer who administers the law, often with limited judicial authority.
Example
The magistrate presided over the minor criminal case.
C1 noun /fɑːrs/
farce
Meaning
a comic dramatic work using buffoonery and horseplay, or a ridiculous situation
Example
The meeting turned into a complete farce with everyone arguing.
A1 pronoun /ðɪs/
this
Meaning
used to refer to a person or thing that is close or near in space, time, or thought
Example
This is my favorite book.
C1 noun /ɔːr/
Oar
Meaning
a long pole with a flat blade used to row a boat
Example
He dipped the oar into the water and pulled the boat forward.
B2 adverb /ʌnˈnesəserəli/
Unnecessarily
Meaning
to a greater extent than is needed; without necessity
Example
Don't worry unnecessarily about the exam.
C2 noun /ˌɪdiəˈsɪŋkrəsi/
idiosyncrasy
Meaning
A distinctive or peculiar characteristic, habit, or mannerism unique to an individual.
Example
One of her idiosyncrasies was humming while working.
B2 noun /ˈkrɪtɪk/
critic
Meaning
A person who judges the merits of something, especially art or literature
Example
The film critic praised the director's latest movie.
B2 adjective /ˈtrʌblsəm/
Troublesome
Meaning
causing difficulty or annoyance; problematic
Example
The troublesome student disrupted the class again.
A2 noun /ˈɔr.dər/
Order
Meaning
a command or instruction; the arrangement of things following a particular sequence
Example
The teacher gave an order to sit down quietly.
C2 adjective /ˈlaɪðsəm/
lithesome
Meaning
gracefully flexible and supple
Example
Her lithesome figure allowed her to move like a ballerina.
C2 noun /ɪˌpɪstəˈmɒlədʒi/
epistemology
Meaning
The branch of philosophy that studies the nature, origin, and scope of knowledge.
Example
Epistemology explores the difference between justified belief and opinion.
B2 adjective /ˈdɛlɪkət/
delicate
Meaning
Easily broken or damaged; requiring careful handling.
Example
The vase is very delicate, so handle it with care.
B2 adjective /ˈmaɪnd.fəl/
Mindful
Meaning
being conscious or aware; paying attention to the present moment
Example
She is always mindful of her surroundings and pays attention to details.
C1 noun /kəˈnʌn.drəm/
conundrum
Meaning
A complex problem or puzzle without an easy solution
Example
The ethical conundrum puzzled the researchers.
B2 verb /kriːp/
creep
Meaning
to move slowly and quietly; to make someone feel uncomfortable
Example
She crept quietly up the stairs to avoid waking anyone.
A2 noun ˌedʒ.ʊˈkeɪ.ʃən
education
Meaning
The process of receiving or giving systematic instruction, especially at a school or university.
Example
Quality education is key to progress.
B1 noun /ˈɡæðərɪŋ/
gathering
Meaning
a meeting or assembly of people for a particular purpose
Example
We attended a family gathering last weekend.
C1 verb /aʊtˈlɪv/
outlive
Meaning
to live longer than someone or something else
Example
She outlived all her siblings.
C1 adjective /məˈdʒen.tə/
Magenta
Meaning
a bright purplish-red color
Example
She wore a beautiful magenta dress to the party.
A1 noun /wel/
Well
Meaning
a deep hole in the ground from which water is obtained
Example
The villagers get water from the old well in the center of town.
B1 noun /koʊm/
Comb
Meaning
a toothed device for arranging or cleaning the hair
Example
She used a comb to style her hair before the party.
B1 noun /ˈsʌn.raɪz/
Sunrise
Meaning
the time in the morning when the sun appears above the horizon
Example
We watched the beautiful sunrise from the mountain top.
B1 noun /slaɪs/
Slice
Meaning
a thin, flat piece cut from something larger
Example
Would you like a slice of pizza?
B1 noun /ʃel/
Shell
Meaning
hard outer covering of an animal; explosive projectile for a gun
Example
The artillery fired a shell at the enemy position.
B2 adverb /ˈmæn.ju.ə.li/
Manually
Meaning
by hand; using physical effort rather than machines
Example
The data was entered manually into the system.
C1 verb /sɪˈsiːd/
secede
Meaning
To formally withdraw from a political or organizational union.
Example
Several states threatened to secede from the union.
C2 noun /ˌdoʊ.məˈstɪs.ə.ti/
domesticity
Meaning
Life at home or devotion to family life.
Example
She enjoys the domesticity of cooking and gardening.
C1 noun /ˈɡær.ɪ.sən/
garrison
Meaning
A body of troops stationed in a particular location, usually to defend it.
Example
The garrison defended the fortress against the invaders.
C2 noun /əˈsper.ɪ.ti/
asperity
Meaning
Harshness of tone, manner, or surface.
Example
She spoke with asperity when she was interrupted.
C1 adjective /ˈraʊ.di/
Rowdy
Meaning
disorderly; unruly; noisy and disruptive
Example
The rowdy children were making too much noise.
C1 noun kəˈmɑːnd ɪˈkɒn.ə.mi
command economy
Meaning
An economic system where economic activities are controlled by the government.
Example
In a command economy, the government controls production and prices.
B2 adverb /ˈdʌbli/
doubly
Meaning
in a twofold manner; to twice the degree
Example
She felt doubly fortunate after winning the prize and getting a promotion.
C2 noun /ˈliːdʒənəri/
legionary
Meaning
a soldier in the Roman army
Example
Each legionary carried a shield and a short sword.
B1 adverb /ˈkeərləsli/
carelessly
Meaning
without care or attention; in a negligent or reckless manner
Example
He carelessly left the door unlocked.
A2 noun /dɪˈɡriː/
degree
Meaning
an amount or level of something; an academic qualification
Example
She earned a degree in engineering.
B2 noun ˈkɔːʃən
caution
Meaning
Care taken to avoid danger or mistakes; a warning or piece of advice.
Example
Researchers issued a caution regarding unsustainable fishing.
C2 adjective /ˈdjuːtiəs/
duteous
Meaning
dutiful; obedient and respectful
Example
The duteous child always followed her parents’ instructions.
C1 noun/verb /freɪ/
fray
Meaning
As a noun, a fight or heated dispute; as a verb, to unravel or wear out through friction.
Example
He tried to stay calm, but his nerves began to fray during the argument.
C1 verb /əˈfɪks/
affix
Meaning
to attach or stick something firmly to another thing
Example
Please affix the stamp to the envelope.
C1 noun /ˈstændˌstɪl/
standstill
Meaning
a situation in which all movement or activity stops
Example
The traffic came to a standstill after the accident.
B2 noun /kəˈrʌp.ʃən/
Corruption
Meaning
dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power; the process of decay or decomposition
Example
The government launched a campaign to fight corruption in public offices.
B2 verb /əˈkʌstəm/
accustom
Meaning
to make someone familiar with something through regular experience or use
Example
It took him a while to accustom himself to the new environment.
B1 noun /ˈɛnvəloʊp/
envelope
Meaning
a flat paper container used to enclose a letter or document
Example
She sealed the letter in an envelope and posted it.
C1 verb, noun /ˈbreɪnˌwɒʃ/
brainwash
Meaning
to manipulate someone into adopting certain beliefs by repeated pressure or propaganda; the act or process of such manipulation
Example
The group tried to brainwash new members with constant propaganda.
B1 adjective /ˈblʌdi/
bloody
Meaning
covered in, involving, or containing blood; also used informally for emphasis in British English.
Example
The soldier returned from battle with a bloody arm.
C1 noun /rɪˈdʒɪdəti/
Rigidity
Meaning
inability to bend or be forced out of shape; unwillingness to change or compromise
Example
The rigidity of the old system prevented any innovation.
B2 noun /ˈɡæmblɪŋ/
gambling
Meaning
the activity of betting money or valuables on an outcome, often involving risk
Example
He got addicted to gambling at the casino.
B2 adjective /ˈɡraʊndɪd/
grounded
Meaning
Well balanced and sensible; having a sound basis in reality or fact.
Example
Staying grounded during difficult situations helps with resilience.
A2 adjective /əˈveɪləbl/
available
Meaning
Able to be used, obtained, or accessed.
Example
The product is now available in all stores.
A2 noun /ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃən/
invitation
Meaning
a written or spoken request to attend an event or to participate in something
Example
She sent me an invitation to her wedding.
C1 adjective /ˌboʊnəˈfaɪdi/
Bonafide
Meaning
genuine; authentic; legitimate
Example
She is a bonafide expert in her field.
B1 adjective /ɪˈnɔː.məs/
Enormous
Meaning
very large in size, quantity, or extent; huge
Example
The elephant was enormous and weighed several tons.
B2 adverb /ɪkˈstɛnsɪvli/
extensively
Meaning
in a thorough or wide-ranging manner
Example
She traveled extensively across Europe for her research.
C1 noun /ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtər/
demonstrator
Meaning
a person who shows how something works or takes part in a public protest
Example
The demonstrators marched peacefully through the city streets.
B2 noun /vɪˈsɪn.ə.ti/
Vicinity
Meaning
the area near or surrounding a particular place; neighborhood
Example
There are many shops in the vicinity of the school.
C2 adjective /ˈviːnəl/
venal
Meaning
willing to do dishonest things in return for money; corrupt
Example
The politician was accused of being venal and corrupt.
A2 verb /əˈtrækt/
attract
Meaning
to cause someone to have interest or draw something towards
Example
The flowers attract bees with their bright colors.
C1 phrase ˈiː.kəʊˌsɪs.təm kəˈlæps
ecosystem collapse
Meaning
The complete breakdown of an ecological system, resulting in the inability to maintain its structure and function.
Example
Unchecked deforestation can lead to ecosystem collapse.
C1 adjective /kweɪnt/
quaint
Meaning
attractively unusual or old-fashioned
Example
They stayed in a quaint little cottage by the sea.
C1 noun /dɪˈspɜːrʒən/
dispersion
Meaning
The action or process of distributing things or people over a wide area.
Example
The dispersion of seeds by the wind helps plants reproduce.
B2 adjective /ˈsel.jə.lər/
Cellular
Meaning
relating to cells; consisting of cells; relating to mobile phone technology
Example
Cellular technology has revolutionized communication.
C2 adjective /raɪˈpɛə.ri.ən/
riparian
Meaning
Relating to or situated on the banks of a river or other watercourse.
Example
Riparian vegetation helps prevent soil erosion along rivers.
C2 noun /ˈhɪl.sə fɪʃ/
Hilsa fish
Meaning
a popular fish species found in South Asian rivers, especially prized in Bengali cuisine
Example
Hilsa fish is considered a delicacy in Bengali culture.
C2 noun /ɪkˈsɪʒən/
excision
Meaning
the act of cutting something out, especially by surgical removal
Example
The excision of the infected tissue prevented further complications.
C1 noun /kəˈlɪɡrəfi/
calligraphy
Meaning
The art of beautiful and decorative handwriting.
Example
She took a course to improve her calligraphy skills.
C1 noun /ˈdæn.drʌf/
Dandruff
Meaning
small white or grey flakes of dead skin that form on the scalp and fall from the hair
Example
He used a special shampoo to treat his persistent dandruff problem.
C1 noun ɪmˈpɛə(r)mənt
impairment
Meaning
The state of being damaged or weakened; a disability or handicap.
Example
Hearing impairment can be caused by long-term exposure to loud noise.
C1 noun /ˈmɪl.ɪ.tənt/
Militant
Meaning
A person who uses aggressive or violent methods to promote a political or social cause
Example
The militant group demanded immediate political reforms.
C1 adjective /ˈmʌðərli/
Motherly
Meaning
having qualities characteristic of a mother; caring and protective
Example
She showed motherly care and affection towards all the children.
C2 adjective /rɪˈzɪstləs/
resistless
Meaning
Impossible to resist; having an overpowering effect.
Example
She felt a resistless urge to laugh at the joke.
C2 noun /ˈjuːfəni/
euphony
Meaning
The quality of being pleasing to the ear, especially through harmonious combination of words.
Example
The orator's speech was full of euphony and rhythm.
C2 noun /ˈluː.mən/
lumen
Meaning
A unit of luminous flux, measuring the amount of visible light emitted by a source.
Example
The bulb produces 800 lumens of light.
C2 adjective /ˈrɛd.ələnt/
redolent
Meaning
having a strong pleasant smell; strongly reminiscent or suggestive of something
Example
The kitchen was redolent of spices and fresh herbs.
A2 noun /ədˈvaɪs/
advice
Meaning
Guidance or recommendations offered with regard to prudent future action.
Example
Experts provide advice for better air quality.
A1 verb /ɡoʊ/
go
Meaning
to move or travel from one place to another
Example
I go to school every day.
C2 adjective /ˈwiːk niːd/
weak-kneed
Meaning
Lacking determination or courage; easily frightened or yielding.
Example
The leader was criticized for being weak-kneed in the face of opposition.
B1 noun /ˌdek.əˈreɪ.ʃən/
Decoration
Meaning
the process or art of decorating something; ornamental items used to beautify
Example
The Christmas decoration transformed the ordinary room into a festive wonderland.
C1 noun /ˈæmpɛər/
ampere
Meaning
A unit of electric current in the International System of Units (SI), symbolized as A.
Example
The current flowing through the wire is measured in amperes.
A1 noun /ˈfɛb.ruˌɛr.i/
february
Meaning
The second month of the year in the Gregorian calendar, typically having 28 days, or 29 in a leap year.
Example
My birthday is in February, so I always look forward to this month.
C1 adverb /ˈmɪdweɪ/
Midway
Meaning
halfway; at or to the middle point
Example
The project is midway through completion.
C1 noun /skraɪb/
scribe
Meaning
a person who writes documents, especially in ancient times; a professional copyist
Example
In ancient Egypt, scribes recorded important events.
C1 noun /mɔːˈtæləti/
mortality
Meaning
the state of being subject to death; the death rate of a population
Example
Advancements in medicine have reduced child mortality significantly.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnkɒnstɪˈtuːʃənəl/
Unconstitutional
Meaning
not in accordance with a political constitution; violating constitutional principles
Example
The court declared the new law unconstitutional.
B1 adjective /ˌstreɪt ˈfɔːr.wərd/
Straight forward
Meaning
honest and open; not complicated; easy to understand
Example
His explanation was very straightforward and easy to follow.
B2 noun /ˈsɛm.iˌsɜːr.kəl/
semicircle
Meaning
Half of a circle or something shaped like half of a circle.
Example
The students sat in a semicircle around the teacher.
C2 verb /ˈvɛəriəˌɡeɪt/
variegate
Meaning
To diversify or mark with different colors or patterns.
Example
The artist used different shades to variegate the design.
B2 verb /skæn/
scan
Meaning
To look at something carefully or quickly; to digitally copy or capture an image or document.
Example
She scanned the document before sending it by email.
B1 verb /rɪˈvaɪz/
revise
Meaning
To change, improve, or update something, especially a written work.
Example
She had to revise her essay before submission.
B1 noun/verb /ˈmætərz/
matters
Meaning
important topics, concerns, or issues; as a verb, to be of importance or significance
Example
What she thinks really matters to me.
A2 adjective /ˈter.ə.bl̩/
Terrible
Meaning
extremely bad or serious; causing fear or dread; very poor quality
Example
The weather was terrible during our vacation.
B2 noun ˈɡloʊbəl kəˌlæbəˈreɪʃən
global collaboration
Meaning
Cooperation and partnership between countries or organizations worldwide to address common challenges.
Example
Global collaboration is necessary to address climate change.
C1 noun /ˈtɛknɪk/
technic
Meaning
A method, skill, or art in a particular field, especially in the arts or sciences.
Example
The artist’s technic in watercolor impressed the judges.
C1 adjective /ˌeɪˈsɛkʃuəl/
asexual
Meaning
Without sexual feelings, associations, or reproduction through sex.
Example
Many plants reproduce through asexual methods like budding or splitting.
A1 conjunction /ænd/
and
Meaning
Used to connect words or sentences that are to be taken jointly.
Example
She bought apples and oranges.
C1 verb /ˈtæmpər/
tamper
Meaning
To interfere with something in a harmful, unauthorized, or improper way.
Example
The evidence was tampered with before the trial.
C1 noun /rɪˈteɪnər/
retainer
Meaning
a fee paid in advance to secure someone's services, or a device that holds something in place
Example
The lawyer asked for a retainer before taking the case.
C1 noun ˈpɜː.mə.kʌl.tʃər
permaculture
Meaning
The development of agricultural ecosystems intended to be sustainable and self-sufficient.
Example
Permaculture promotes self-sufficient farming systems.
B2 noun /ˈsɪnθɪsɪs/
synthesis
Meaning
The combination of ideas to form a theory or system.
Example
The synthesis of ideas from multiple perspectives led to innovation.
C2 noun /ˈslʌɡərd/
sluggard
Meaning
A lazy, sluggish person.
Example
The sluggard refused to get out of bed even at noon.
B2 noun /ˈpɛzənt/
peasant
Meaning
a poor farmer or agricultural laborer who owns or rents a small piece of land for cultivation
Example
The peasant worked hard in the fields from dawn to dusk.
C2 adjective /rɪˈmiːdiəbl/
remediable
Meaning
capable of being corrected or cured
Example
The mistake was serious but still remediable.
C2 noun /əˈsɛt.ɪˌsɪz.əm/
asceticism
Meaning
The practice of severe self-discipline and abstaining from indulgence, typically for religious or spiritual reasons.
Example
Asceticism has been a part of many religious traditions throughout history.
C1 verb /sɪˈkluːd/
seclude
Meaning
To keep someone away from other people; to isolate.
Example
The monk chose to seclude himself in the mountains.
B2 adjective /ˌʌndɪˈstɜːrbd/
Undisturbed
Meaning
not interrupted or interfered with; calm and peaceful
Example
She slept undisturbed for eight hours.
B2 noun /ˈʃɪpɪŋ/
shipping
Meaning
the process of transporting goods
Example
The shipping of the products was delayed due to weather conditions.