A1 interjection /həˈloʊ/

hello

Meaning

a greeting or expression used when meeting someone or starting a conversation

Example

She answered the phone with a cheerful hello.

C1 adjective /ɪˈlɪsɪt/

illicit

Meaning

Forbidden by law, rules, or custom.

Example

The police shut down the illicit drug operation.

C1 noun /ɪkˈspʌlʃən/

expulsion

Meaning

The act of forcing someone to leave a place, especially a school or country.

Example

His constant misbehavior led to his expulsion from school.

C1 adjective /prɪˈsɪpɪtəs/

precipitous

Meaning

Extremely steep or sudden; done quickly without careful consideration.

Example

The hikers struggled to climb the precipitous slope.

B2 verb /reɪl/

rail

Meaning

to complain or protest strongly about something

Example

He railed against the unfair decision.

C1 adjective /ˈmɑːrʃəl/

martial

Meaning

Related to war, soldiers, or military life.

Example

The country imposed martial law during the crisis.

B1 adjective /əˈsoʊsieɪtɪd/

associated

Meaning

connected or related to something or someone

Example

She is closely associated with environmental movements.

C1 noun /ˈɛskəpeɪd/

escapade

Meaning

an adventurous, exciting, or reckless act

Example

Their summer escapade included camping and mountain climbing.

B1 noun /ˈbed ʃiːt/

Bed sheet

Meaning

a large rectangular piece of cloth used as bedding to lie on or under

Example

The clean white bed sheet felt soft against her skin.

B2 verb /səbˈskraɪb/

subscribe

Meaning

to pay to receive a service regularly; to agree with or support something

Example

I subscribe to several online magazines.

B2 noun /ˈbʌn.dəl/

Bundle

Meaning

a collection of things or quantity of material tied or wrapped up together

Example

The mailman delivered a bundle of letters to our house.

C1 noun ˈsɛlf pəˈzɪʃən

self-possession

Meaning

The quality of being calm and confident and in control of one's emotions; composure.

Example

His self-possession during the crisis was remarkable.

B1 noun /ˈfaɪəˌfaɪtə/

firefighter

Meaning

a person whose job is to put out fires

Example

The firefighter saved the family from the burning building.

B2 noun, verb, adjective /ræŋk/

rank

Meaning

A position in a hierarchy; to place in order according to importance or quality.

Example

She quickly rose to a senior rank in the company.

A2 noun /klaʊd/

Cloud

Meaning

a visible mass of condensed water vapour floating in the atmosphere above the ground

Example

Dark clouds gathered before the storm.

A2 verb /ˈɡæðər/

gather

Meaning

to come together or collect in one place; to assemble

Example

People gather in the park for the festival.

A1 verb /luːz/

lose

Meaning

to be unable to find something; to fail to win; to misplace

Example

I hope I don't lose my keys again.

C1 adjective /ˌmer.ɪˈtɔː.ri.əs/

Meritorious

Meaning

deserving reward or praise; commendable; worthy of recognition

Example

His meritorious service to the community was recognized.

A2 noun /rɪˈfrɪdʒ.ər.eɪ.tər/

Refrigerator

Meaning

an appliance for keeping food and drinks cold

Example

Please put the milk in the refrigerator to keep it fresh.

C1 verb /dɪsˈhɑːrtn/

dishearten

Meaning

to cause someone to lose determination or confidence; to discourage

Example

The constant rejection letters began to dishearten the young writer.

B1 noun /ɪnˈθjuː.zi.æz.əm/

Enthusiasm

Meaning

intense and eager enjoyment, interest, or approval

Example

Her enthusiasm for the project inspired the entire team.

C1 adjective /ˈbaʊn.tɪ.fəl/

bountiful

Meaning

Large in quantity; abundant; generous in giving.

Example

The farmer was grateful for the bountiful harvest.

B1 adverb /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

Entirely

Meaning

completely; wholly; fully

Example

The building was entirely destroyed in the fire.

C2 noun /ænˈtɪstrəfi/

antistrophe

Meaning

A rhetorical device in which a word or phrase is repeated at the end of successive clauses; in Greek choral poetry, the part of the ode sung by the chorus in return movement.

Example

The poet used antistrophe to emphasize the repeated phrase.

B2 adjective /kəˈrɛspɒndɪŋ/

corresponding

Meaning

matching or related to something

Example

The corresponding page in the book explains the process in detail.

B2 noun ˌrɛzɪɡˈneɪʃən

resignation

Meaning

The acceptance of something undesirable but inevitable; giving up.

Example

Her resignation from the position was unexpected.

C1 noun /ˈfæs.ɪt/

facet

Meaning

One of the many aspects or features of something; a particular part or element of something.

Example

Every facet of the project was carefully analyzed.

C2 noun /ˈfoʊ.nə.ɡræm/

phonogram

Meaning

a written symbol representing a speech sound

Example

The teacher showed how each phonogram represents a particular sound.

C2 adjective /ɪkˈstɛnsəbl/

extensible

Meaning

able to be extended; capable of expansion.

Example

The software is designed to be extensible with new features.

C1 noun /ˈkeɪ.sɪŋ/

Casing

Meaning

a cover or shell that protects or encloses something

Example

The mechanic removed the engine casing to examine the internal parts.

B2 noun /kəˈrɪz.mə/

charisma

Meaning

Compelling attractiveness or charm that can inspire devotion in others.

Example

His charisma helped him become a great leader.

C2 adjective /ˌɪnɪˈsɛnʃəl/

inessential

Meaning

not necessary or important; not essential

Example

The report removes all inessential details to stay focused.

B1 adverb /ˈriː.zən.ə.bli/

Reasonably

Meaning

in a sensible way; fairly; to a moderate degree

Example

The hotel room was reasonably priced for the location.

A1 numeral /fɔːr/

four

Meaning

The number equivalent to the sum of two and two; one more than three.

Example

She has four books on her desk.

B2 verb, noun /ˈkɒntɛst/

contest

Meaning

verb: to compete or challenge; noun: a competition or dispute

Example

She decided to contest the election against the incumbent.

A2 noun /ˈplɛʒər/

pleasure

Meaning

a feeling of happiness or enjoyment

Example

It was a pleasure to meet you.

C1 adjective /ˌɪnkɒmprɪˈhɛnsəbl/

incomprehensible

Meaning

Impossible or very difficult to understand.

Example

The professor’s lecture was so fast it became incomprehensible.

C2 noun phrase /ˌhjuː ən ˈkraɪ/

hue and cry

Meaning

A loud public outcry or protest, often demanding action.

Example

There was a hue and cry over the new policy changes.

C1 noun /ˌpɜːrsɪˈkjuːʃn/

persecution

Meaning

the act of treating someone cruelly or unfairly because of their religion, race, or beliefs

Example

The persecution of minorities has been condemned worldwide.

B2 noun /ˌprɒp.əˈɡæn.də/

Propaganda

Meaning

information spread to promote a particular political cause or point of view

Example

The government used propaganda to influence public opinion during the war.

C1 verb /ɪnˈtrɛntʃ/

entrench

Meaning

To establish something so firmly that it is difficult to change.

Example

The company entrenched its position in the market through innovation.

C2 noun /ˌɪmprɪˈmɑːtər/

imprimatur

Meaning

An official license or approval, especially to publish a book.

Example

The book was released with the official imprimatur of the church.

B2 noun /ˈmɑːr.tɪn/

Martin

Meaning

small swift-flying bird that catches insects on the wing

Example

The martin built its nest under the bridge.

C2 noun /bəˈsuːn/

bassoon

Meaning

a large woodwind instrument with a deep sound

Example

The orchestra featured a beautiful bassoon solo.

B2 noun /ˈvɜː.tʃuː/

Virtue

Meaning

behavior showing high moral standards; a good or useful quality of a thing

Example

Honesty is considered the highest virtue in many cultures.

C2 verb /ˈbaɪfərˌkeɪt/

bifurcate

Meaning

to divide into two branches or parts

Example

The road bifurcates into two separate paths at the hill.

B2 verb /ˈæləkeɪt/

allocate

Meaning

to distribute or assign resources, duties, or responsibilities for a specific purpose

Example

The manager allocated funds for the new project.

A2 noun /kæmp/

Camp

Meaning

a place where soldiers live temporarily; a place with tents or huts for temporary accommodation

Example

The military established a camp near the border.

B1 adjective /ˌʌnbɪˈliːvəbəl/

Unbelievable

Meaning

impossible to believe; extremely surprising or remarkable

Example

The magician's performance was absolutely unbelievable.

B1 adjective /ˈɔːkwəd/

awkward

Meaning

causing or feeling embarrassment; difficult to deal with

Example

There was an awkward silence after his joke.

C1 adjective + noun ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd ˈnɒlɪdʒ

unprecedented knowledge

Meaning

Information or understanding that has never been obtained or achieved before.

Example

Artemis will provide unprecedented knowledge about the solar system.

C1 verb /kənˈkɜːr/

concur

Meaning

To agree with someone or something.

Example

I concur with your opinion on this matter.

C1 noun /ˈtɪrəni/

tyranny

Meaning

Cruel and oppressive government or rule by a tyrant.

Example

The people revolted against the tyranny of their ruler.

C1 noun ˌmɑːr.dʒɪ.nəl.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

marginalization

Meaning

The treatment of a person, group, or concept as insignificant or peripheral.

Example

Economic policies should address the marginalization of the poor.

C1 adjective/verb /ˈbæntərɪŋ/

bantering

Meaning

characterized by good-humored teasing or joking

Example

They had a bantering conversation at the café.

B2 adjective ˈmɒn.ɪ.tri

monetary

Meaning

Relating to money or currency.

Example

The monetary implications are significant for investors.

A2 noun /nek/

Neck

Meaning

the part of the body connecting the head to the shoulders

Example

She wore a beautiful necklace around her neck.

C2 noun /ˈɛpɪɡræm/

epigram

Meaning

A short, witty saying or poem that expresses an idea in a clever way.

Example

Oscar Wilde was famous for his sharp epigrams.

B1 verb /floʊt/

float

Meaning

to rest or move on the surface of a liquid or in the air without sinking

Example

The boat began to float gently down the river.

B1 adjective /ˈkeɪ.pə.bəl/

Capable

Meaning

having the ability, fitness, or quality necessary to do or achieve something; competent

Example

She is capable of handling complex problems.

B2 noun /ˈdiː.sən.si/

Decency

Meaning

behavior that conforms to accepted standards of morality or respectability

Example

She had the decency to apologize for her mistake immediately.

A2 noun /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/

difficulty

Meaning

the state or condition of being hard to do, deal with, or understand

Example

He faced great difficulty in learning a new language.

C1 noun /ˈmeɪhɛm/

mayhem

Meaning

Violent or extreme disorder; chaos and destruction.

Example

The protest turned into mayhem when the crowd clashed with the police.

A2 noun /ˈmembər/

member

Meaning

a person or thing that belongs to a group or organization

Example

She is a member of the local sports club.

A2 adjective /ˈɛkstrə/

extra

Meaning

More than what is usual, expected, or necessary

Example

She brought some extra food for the picnic.

A2 adjective /ˈmɪzɪkəl/

musical

Meaning

related to or consisting of music

Example

She has a very musical voice.

B2 adjective /ˈbaɪəst/

Biased

Meaning

showing prejudice for or against someone or something unfairly

Example

The judge was accused of being biased against the defendant.

C2 noun /səˈlɪsɪˌtuːd/

solicitude

Meaning

Care or concern for someone or something.

Example

His mother showed great solicitude for his safety.

A1 noun /bɔːl/

ball

Meaning

a round object used in games or sports

Example

The children played with a ball in the park.

A2 noun /ɔɪl/

Oil

Meaning

a viscous liquid derived from petroleum or plants, used for cooking or fuel

Example

Heat the oil in a pan before adding the vegetables.

B2 noun /doʊs/

dose

Meaning

a measured amount of a medicine or drug taken at one time

Example

The doctor prescribed one dose of the medicine every six hours.

C2 adjective /ˌstætʃuˈɛsk/

statuesque

Meaning

Having the grace, beauty, or dignity of a statue; tall and attractively proportioned.

Example

She had a statuesque figure that turned heads wherever she went.

A2 adjective /ˈɡoʊldən/

Golden

Meaning

having the color of gold; bright yellow

Example

The golden sunset painted the sky beautifully.

B2 noun /ˈɡləʊ.bəl piːs/

global peace

Meaning

Worldwide harmony and absence of conflict between nations.

Example

Global peace requires collective efforts.

B1 noun /ˈjuːnɪvɜːrs/

Universe

Meaning

all existing matter and space; the cosmos

Example

Scientists study the universe to understand its mysteries.

B2 verb /ˈbrɪdʒɪŋ/

bridging

Meaning

The action of building a bridge over something; connecting or reducing the distance between two things.

Example

The new initiative is bridging the gap between urban and rural development.

B1 noun /wɜːrm/

Worm

Meaning

a long, soft-bodied invertebrate animal that lives in soil

Example

The bird caught a worm from the garden soil.

C1 verb əˈblɪt.ə.reɪt

obliterate

Meaning

To destroy utterly; wipe out completely, to erase or remove something completely.

Example

The storm obliterated entire villages.

A1 noun/verb /fɪlm/

film

Meaning

a motion picture or movie; or to record on camera

Example

They watched a film together on the weekend.

C1 adjective /bræʃ/

brash

Meaning

self-assertive in a rude, noisy, or overconfident way

Example

His brash comments offended many people at the meeting.

A2 adverb; noun /ˌaʊtˈdɔːrz/

outdoors

Meaning

outside a building; the natural environment outside

Example

We spent the whole afternoon outdoors enjoying the fresh air.

C1 verb /ˈstæɡ.neɪt/

stagnate

Meaning

to stop developing, progressing, or moving

Example

Without innovation, the business will stagnate.

B1 noun /ɪˈmoʊ.ʃən/

Emotion

Meaning

a strong feeling deriving from one's circumstances, mood, or relationships

Example

Her face showed every emotion she was feeling inside.

B2 noun/verb /bʌk/

buck

Meaning

A male deer; also to resist or oppose strongly.

Example

The horse began to buck wildly as the rider tried to hold on.

C2 noun (compound/erroneous entry) /ɪnˈɛksərəbl ɑːrmi/

inexorableinexorablearmy

Meaning

This appears to be a corrupted or concatenated form; interpreted as 'inexorable army' — an unstoppable or relentless force.

Example

The rebels feared the inexorable army approaching their stronghold.

C2 noun /rɪˈsɪdɪˌvɪzəm/

recidivism

Meaning

The tendency of a convicted criminal to reoffend or relapse into criminal behavior.

Example

The government introduced new programs to reduce recidivism among former inmates.

A1 noun ˈræbɪt

rabbit

Meaning

A small mammal with long ears, long hind legs, and a short tail

Example

The rabbit ran quickly into the forest.

A2 noun/verb /ˈsɜːrkəl/

circle

Meaning

a round shape; to move all the way around something

Example

The children sat in a circle.

C1 noun /ˈpleɪdʒərɪzəm/

plagiarism

Meaning

the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own

Example

The student was expelled for committing plagiarism in his essay.

C1 noun /rɪˈteɪnər/

retainer

Meaning

a fee paid in advance to secure someone's services, or a device that holds something in place

Example

The lawyer asked for a retainer before taking the case.

B2 adjective /ˈvʌl.ɡər/

Vulgar

Meaning

lacking sophistication or good taste; crude and offensive in language or behavior

Example

His vulgar language offended everyone at the dinner party.

B2 noun /ˈhɑːr.bər/

Harbour

Meaning

a place on the coast where vessels may find shelter; a place of safety or refuge

Example

The fishing boats returned safely to the harbour before the storm hit the coastline.

C2 adjective /ˈwiːk niːd/

weak-kneed

Meaning

Lacking determination or courage; easily frightened or yielding.

Example

The leader was criticized for being weak-kneed in the face of opposition.

B2 verb praɪˈɒraɪtaɪz

prioritize

Meaning

To designate or treat something as more important than other things

Example

Prioritize your tasks to stay efficient.

C1 noun /ˈvʌl.tʃər/

Vulture

Meaning

a large bird of prey that feeds mainly on carrion

Example

The vulture circled overhead, waiting for its prey.

B2 noun /ˈmeɪnˌlænd/

mainland

Meaning

the principal landmass of a country or continent, as opposed to the surrounding islands

Example

The mainland of Australia is home to most of its population.

C2 noun /ˌkiː ˈviːv/

qui vive

Meaning

A state of alertness or vigilance.

Example

The guards were on the qui vive during the night.

B2 noun /ˈfɜː.tɪ.laɪ.zər/

fertilizer

Meaning

a substance added to soil to make plants grow more successfully

Example

Farmers use fertilizer to increase crop production.

B2 noun ˈhoʊmˌskuː.lɪŋ

homeschooling

Meaning

The practice of educating children at home rather than sending them to a school.

Example

Homeschooling allows parents to tailor education to their child's needs.

B1 verb /ˈɔːrɡənaɪz/

organize

Meaning

to arrange systematically; to plan and coordinate

Example

She organized a surprise party for her friend.

B2 adverb /ʌnˈkaɪndli/

unkindly

Meaning

in a cruel, harsh, or unsympathetic manner

Example

She spoke unkindly about her colleague during the meeting.

B1 noun /ˈbles.ɪŋ/

Blessing

Meaning

a beneficial thing for which one is grateful; divine favor

Example

Having good health is a blessing that we should cherish.

C1 adjective /ˈsʌn.dri/

sundry

Meaning

Various or miscellaneous.

Example

The shop sells fruits, clothes, and sundry items.

C1 adjective /ˌsɛm.iˈæn.ju.əl/

semiannual

Meaning

Occurring twice a year; every six months.

Example

The company holds a semiannual meeting with all employees.

C1 noun /ˈdʊr.i.ən/

Durian

Meaning

a large spiky tropical fruit known for its strong smell and creamy custard-like flesh

Example

Durian is known as the king of fruits in Southeast Asia despite its pungent odor.

C2 noun /beɪz/

baize

Meaning

A type of coarse woolen cloth, often green, used for covering tables such as billiard tables.

Example

The old card table was covered with worn baize.

A1 verb, adjective /oʊn/

own

Meaning

to possess something; belonging to oneself

Example

She owns a beautiful house in the city.

B2 verb /ˈkɒnstɪtjuːt/

constitute

Meaning

To make up, form, or establish something.

Example

These documents constitute the legal agreement between the two parties.

C1 verb /proʊˈtrækt/

protract

Meaning

To prolong or extend in time or duration.

Example

Negotiations were protracted for several months.

B2 noun /dɪˈpen.dənt/

Dependent

Meaning

a person who relies on another for financial support; someone who depends on others

Example

As a tax dependent, she could not file her own tax return separately.

B2 adjective /ˈfræʤaɪl/

fragile

Meaning

Easily broken or damaged; delicate.

Example

Be careful with that vase, it's very fragile.

C1 noun /rɪˈtrækʃən/

retraction

Meaning

the act of taking back a statement, promise, or belief

Example

The newspaper issued a retraction of the false report.

C2 adjective /ˌpɑːrsɪˈmoʊniəs/

parsimonious

Meaning

unwilling to spend money or use resources; stingy

Example

The company was too parsimonious to invest in better equipment.

C1 verb /ˈɡrændstænd/

grandstand

Meaning

To seek attention or applause by behaving or speaking in a showy way.

Example

The actor was accused of grandstanding during the charity event.

C2 adjective /fluːˈɛnʃəl/

fluential

Meaning

Having the power to influence or flowing freely (rare/archaic usage).

Example

The fluential speaker captivated the entire audience.

B1 adverb /ˈniːtli/

Neatly

Meaning

in a tidy and orderly way; carefully and precisely

Example

She arranged the books neatly on the shelf.

B1 adjective ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk

scientific

Meaning

Based on or characterized by the methods and principles of science.

Example

Scientific discoveries continue to shape our understanding of the world.

C2 adjective /ˈdæpər/

dapper

Meaning

Neat, stylish, and well-dressed in appearance.

Example

He looked very dapper in his new suit.

C1 verb /ˈnjuːtrəlaɪz/

neutralize

Meaning

to make something ineffective or harmless

Example

The medicine helped neutralize the poison in his system.

B2 noun /fɜːr/

Fur

Meaning

thick hair covering the body of animals

Example

The cat's fur was soft and warm to touch.

C2 noun /ˈkwɪzlɪŋ/

quisling

Meaning

A traitor who collaborates with an enemy force occupying their country.

Example

During the war, he was branded a quisling for aiding the invaders.