gnarl
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C2 verb /nɑːrl/

gnarl

Meaning
To twist into a knotted or distorted form.
Example
The tree roots began to gnarl around the stones.
C2 noun /ˈkeɪsiːn/

Casein

Meaning
the main protein found in milk and cheese, used in food production and supplements
Example
Casein protein powder is popular among athletes for muscle recovery.
C1 adjective /sɪər/

Sear

Meaning
withered; dried up; burned or scorched
Example
The sear leaves fell from the trees in autumn.
B1 adjective ʌnˈplænd

unplanned

Meaning
Not planned or arranged in advance; happening spontaneously without preparation.
Example
Unplanned urbanization contributes to environmental issues.
C1 verb ɪˈluːd

elude

Meaning
Evade or escape from, typically in a skillful or cunning way; avoid being caught.
Example
The thief managed to elude the police.
C2 noun /ˈæn.əlz/

annals

Meaning
Historical records of events, usually arranged chronologically.
Example
Her name will be remembered in the annals of science.
C2 verb /ˌɪmpɔːrˈtuːnd/

importuned

Meaning
asked someone persistently and pressingly for something
Example
She importuned her boss for a raise until he finally gave in.
C1 adjective dɪ ˈskrɛʃ.ən.er.i

discretionary

Meaning
Available for use at the discretion of the user; not required or mandatory.
Example
He set aside some discretionary income for travel.
C1 noun/verb /rɪˈpriːz/

reprise

Meaning
A repetition or return to an earlier theme, role, or action.
Example
The actor reprised his role in the sequel.
A1 adjective /ˈɔːr.ɪndʒ/

Orange

Meaning
having a color between red and yellow like that of a ripe orange fruit
Example
The orange sunset painted the sky magnificently.
C1 noun /kəˈmændər ɪn tʃiːf/

Commander-in-chief

Meaning
the supreme leader of a nation's armed forces
Example
The president serves as the commander-in-chief of the military.
B2 adjective /rɪˈliːvd/

relieved

Meaning
feeling happy and less worried after something stressful has been removed or resolved
Example
She felt relieved after hearing the good news.
C1 adjective /ˈædəmənt/

Adamant

Meaning
একগুঁয়ে; জেদী; দৃঢ়সংকল্প; অনমনীয়;
Example
She was adamant about her decision to leave the company.
C2 noun /ˌɪntərˈlɒkjətər/

interlocutor

Meaning
a person who takes part in a conversation or dialogue
Example
She was a skilled interlocutor during the debate.
C1 adjective /ˈpoʊləraɪzd/

polarized

Meaning
divided into two sharply contrasting groups or opinions
Example
The debate polarized the community on the issue of climate change.
A1 interjection /baɪ/

bye

Meaning
used to say goodbye; a short and informal farewell
Example
I said bye to her before leaving.
B2 noun /ˌprɒp.əˈɡæn.də/

Propaganda

Meaning
information spread to promote a particular political cause or point of view
Example
The government used propaganda to influence public opinion during the war.
C2 noun /baɪˈmɛstər/

bimester

Meaning
A period of two months.
Example
The academic program is divided into six bimesters.
B2 verb /daɪˈdʒest/

digest

Meaning
to break down food in the body; to think about and understand
Example
It takes time to digest a heavy meal.
C1 noun /woʊ/

woe

Meaning
great sorrow, distress, or trouble
Example
Her heart was filled with woe after hearing the sad news.
B2 verb /fliː/

flee

Meaning
To run away from danger or a threatening situation.
Example
The villagers had to flee during the flood.
C1 noun /ˈdʊr.i.ən/

Durian

Meaning
a large spiky tropical fruit known for its strong smell and creamy custard-like flesh
Example
Durian is known as the king of fruits in Southeast Asia despite its pungent odor.
B2 noun /ˈsikwəl/

Sequel

Meaning
a published, broadcast, or recorded work that continues the story or develops the theme of an earlier one; something that takes place after or as a result of an earlier event
Example
The movie sequel was even more successful than the original.
C2 adjective /dɪˈmoʊniˌæk/

demoniac

Meaning
possessed, produced, or influenced by a demon; frenzied or violent
Example
The soldiers fought with demoniac fury.
B2 adverb /wɒtˈsəʊɛvər/

whatsoever

Meaning
used for emphasis after a negative statement to mean 'at all'
Example
She has no interest in the matter whatsoever.
C2 noun /ˈpɜr.fɪ.di/

Perfidy

Meaning
deliberate breach of faith or trust; treachery; betrayal of trust
Example
His perfidy shocked all who had trusted him.
C1 noun ˌwɛðəraɪˈzeɪʃən

weatherization

Meaning
The practice of protecting a building and its interior from the elements.
Example
The house underwent weatherization to improve energy efficiency.
C2 verb /ˈfʊl.mɪ.neɪt/

fulminate

Meaning
To express strong protest or criticism loudly and forcefully; to explode violently.
Example
The politician began to fulminate against corruption.
C1 noun/verb /ˈbɔɪ/ or /ˈbuːi/

buoy

Meaning
A floating marker on water; to keep something afloat or encourage someone.
Example
The news buoyed their spirits after the loss.
C2 adjective /laɪˈsɛnʃəs/

licentious

Meaning
Lacking moral restraint; disregarding accepted rules of conduct.
Example
The novel was criticized for its licentious themes.
C2 verb /ˈɪndjʊˌreɪt/

indurate

Meaning
To harden or make something physically or emotionally tough.
Example
Years of hardship indurated his spirit.
C1 verb /rɪˈdʒɛnəreɪt/

regenerate

Meaning
to grow or produce again; to renew or restore
Example
The lizard can regenerate its lost tail.
C1 noun /ˈiːkwɪnɒks/

equinox

Meaning
The time or date when day and night are of equal length, occurring twice a year.
Example
The spring equinox marks the beginning of longer days.
C1 noun /ˈʌndərˌɡɑːrmənt/

undergarment

Meaning
a piece of clothing worn under outer clothes, usually next to the skin
Example
He bought new undergarments for the wedding.
A2 verb /der/

dare

Meaning
to have courage to do something; to challenge someone
Example
I dare you to jump into the pool.
C2 adjective /ˈsɪlvən/

sylvan

Meaning
Relating to or characteristic of the woods or forest.
Example
The cottage was set in a sylvan landscape full of tall trees.
A2 noun /ˈsɒftweə/

software

Meaning
the programs and other operating information used by a computer
Example
He installed the software to enhance the performance of his computer.
C1 noun ɪˌræd.ɪˈkeɪ.ʃən

eradication

Meaning
The complete destruction or elimination of something unwanted.
Example
Carbon eradication is a key goal of the project.
B2 adjective /əbˈsɜːrd/

absurd

Meaning
wildly unreasonable, illogical, or inappropriate
Example
It is absurd to think that the earth is flat.
C2 noun dɪsˈbɜːs.mənt

disbursement

Meaning
The payment of money from a fund.
Example
The company's disbursement of salaries was delayed.
C1 verb /ˈwɒb.l̩/

wobble

Meaning
to move unsteadily from side to side; to shake or tremble slightly
Example
The table began to wobble when he leaned on it.
B1 noun /fæts/

fats

Meaning
Essential macronutrients that provide energy, support cell growth, and protect organs while helping absorb vitamins.
Example
Healthy fats from nuts and avocados support brain function.
C1 noun /haʊnd/

Hound

Meaning
a dog bred for hunting, typically having a keen sense of smell
Example
The bloodhound tracked the scent through the dense forest.
B2 noun /ˈfluː.ən.si/

fluency

Meaning
The ability to speak or write a language smoothly and effortlessly.
Example
She speaks English with remarkable fluency.
A2 verb /ˈeksərsaɪz/

exercise

Meaning
to do physical activity; to use or practice
Example
I exercise at the gym three times a week.
C1 adverb /ɪnˈdɛfɪnətli/

indefinitely

Meaning
for an unlimited or unspecified period of time
Example
The project has been postponed indefinitely.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːls.hʊd/

Falsehood

Meaning
the state of being untrue; a lie
Example
The politician was caught spreading falsehoods about his opponent.
B2 verb /dwel/

dwell

Meaning
to live in a place; to think about something for a long time
Example
They dwell in a small cottage by the lake.
C2 noun /ˈkærəm/

Carom

Meaning
aromatic seeds of a plant used as a spice, especially in Indian cooking
Example
Carom seeds are often used in traditional Indian bread recipes.
B2 noun /ˈlænd.lɔːrd/

Land lord

Meaning
a person who owns property and rents it to tenants
Example
The landlord collected the monthly rent from all tenants.
B2 noun /saɪˈkɒlədʒɪst/

psychologist

Meaning
a person who studies mental processes and behavior
Example
The psychologist helped him cope with his anxiety.
C2 verb ˈɑːb.fə.skeɪt

obfuscate

Meaning
Render obscure, unclear, or unintelligible.
Example
Politicians often obfuscate facts to mislead people.
C2 noun /ˌɪn.strəˈmɛn.təl.ɪst/

instrumentalist

Meaning
A person who plays a musical instrument.
Example
The instrumentalist played a beautiful solo on the violin.
C2 noun /kɔːrˈteɪʒ/

cortege

Meaning
a solemn procession, especially for a funeral
Example
A cortege of mourners followed the hearse to the cemetery.
C1 noun /ˈɒntreɪ/ (UK), /ˈɑːntreɪ/ (US)

entree

Meaning
The main course of a meal (US); the right to enter or access (formal).
Example
The restaurant’s signature steak was served as the main entree.
B2 adjective /dæmp/

damp

Meaning
slightly wet, often in an unpleasant way
Example
The room felt cold and damp after the rain.
B1 noun /ˈfʌŋkʃən/

function

Meaning
An activity or purpose natural to or intended for a person or thing.
Example
The main function of the heart is to pump blood.
C1 noun /wɪm/

whim

Meaning
a sudden or unpredictable idea, desire, or decision
Example
She bought the dress on a whim.
B2 adjective /ˌʌnɪnˈfɔːrmd/

uninformed

Meaning
lacking knowledge or awareness about a particular subject; not educated or informed
Example
The decision was made by an uninformed committee.
B1 adjective /rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ/

remaining

Meaning
still existing or left after others are gone or dealt with
Example
There were only a few remaining tickets for the concert.
B2 verb fəˈsɪl.ɪ.teɪt

facilitate

Meaning
Make an action or process easier or more achievable; to help bring about.
Example
Good infrastructure facilitates economic growth.
C2 noun /ˌpærəˈɡɔːrɪk/

paregoric

Meaning
a medicine containing opium, once used to relieve pain and diarrhea
Example
Doctors once prescribed paregoric to treat diarrhea in children.
A2 verb /sɜːrv/

serve

Meaning
to provide service; to work for; to offer food or drink
Example
She serves breakfast at 8 AM every morning.
C2 adjective /ˈfiːtɪd/

foetid

Meaning
having an offensive, unpleasant smell
Example
The foetid smell from the garbage made it hard to breathe.
C1 adjective /ˈɡleɪʃəl/

glacial

Meaning
relating to ice or glaciers; extremely cold or unfriendly
Example
The mountains were covered in glacial ice.
C1 verb /ˈdʒɜːrmɪneɪt/

germinate

Meaning
To begin to grow or develop, especially referring to a seed.
Example
The seeds germinate quickly in moist soil.
C1 phrase ˈriː.dʒən.əl ˈfɔː.rəm

regional forum

Meaning
A meeting or conference where representatives from countries or organizations in a specific geographical area discuss issues of common interest.
Example
The Regional Forum discussed deforestation impacts.
B1 verb /baʊns/

bounce

Meaning
to spring back after hitting something; to rebound.
Example
The ball bounced off the wall and hit the window.
C1 adjective ˈæl.ɡə.rɪ.ðəm drɪv.ən

algorithm-driven

Meaning
Controlled or powered by computer algorithms.
Example
Algorithm-driven systems increase accuracy.
B1 adjective /ˈprɛʃəs/

precious

Meaning
of great value; highly esteemed or cherished
Example
This ring is very precious to my grandmother.
C1 noun /ræˈpɔːr/

rapport

Meaning
A close and harmonious relationship in which the people or groups concerned understand each other's feelings or ideas.
Example
The teacher built a strong rapport with her students.
C1 noun /ˌɪməˈtjʊərəti/

immaturity

Meaning
the state of not being fully developed emotionally, mentally, or physically; lack of maturity
Example
His immaturity made it difficult for him to handle responsibility.
C1 adjective /kənˈvɜːrdʒənt/

convergent

Meaning
tending to move toward a common point or result
Example
The two rivers have a convergent path before entering the lake.
B1 noun /bɑːn/

barn

Meaning
a large building used for storing grain or housing farm animals
Example
The farmer keeps his cows in the barn.
A2 verb /ˌdɪsəˈpɪər/

disappear

Meaning
to cease to be visible; to vanish
Example
The magician made the rabbit disappear.
C2 noun /prɪˈpɒndərəns/

preponderance

Meaning
The quality or fact of being greater in number, quantity, or importance.
Example
There was a preponderance of evidence against the defendant.
B1 noun, verb /ˈrɒkɪt/

rocket

Meaning
a missile or vehicle propelled by a rocket engine; to increase or move very quickly
Example
The company’s profits rocketed after the new product launch.
C1 noun /ˈpɛntəɡən/

pentagon

Meaning
A plane figure with five straight sides and five angles; also refers to the US Department of Defense building.
Example
The Pentagon is one of the most iconic government buildings in the United States.
C1 noun /əˈluːʒən/

allusion

Meaning
An indirect reference to something without mentioning it explicitly.
Example
Her story contained an allusion to a famous myth.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpiːtʃ/

impeach

Meaning
To charge a public official with misconduct while in office.
Example
The parliament voted to impeach the president.
C1 noun /ˈsteɪtəs kwoʊ/

status quo

Meaning
The existing state of affairs, especially regarding social or political issues.
Example
The government decided to maintain the status quo until further review.
A2 noun /ɪɡˈzæm/

exam

Meaning
a formal test of a person's knowledge or skill in a subject
Example
She studied hard for her final exam.
B2 adjective /ˌʌn.əkˈsep.tə.bəl/

Unacceptable

Meaning
not satisfactory or allowable; not acceptable
Example
The quality of work was completely unacceptable.
C1 adjective /ˈpeɪtrənaɪzɪŋ/

patronizing

Meaning
showing kindness that is perceived as condescending or superior
Example
His patronizing tone offended the audience.
B2 noun /ˈɡæmblɪŋ/

gambling

Meaning
the activity of betting money or valuables on an outcome, often involving risk
Example
He got addicted to gambling at the casino.
B1 adverb /pəˈlaɪt.li/

Politely

Meaning
in a respectful and considerate manner; courteously; with good manners
Example
She politely declined the invitation because she had other commitments.
C2 verb /ɪnˈtɜːrpəˌleɪt/

interpolate

Meaning
To insert something, often words, into a text or conversation; to estimate values between known data points.
Example
The editor interpolated a missing paragraph into the manuscript.
A2 adjective /prəˈfɛʃənl/

professional

Meaning
relating to a job that requires special training or education
Example
She is a professional dancer who performs internationally.
C1 noun /ˈkɒl.ə.bəʊn/

Collar-bone

Meaning
either of the pair of bones joining the breastbone to the shoulder blades; clavicle
Example
He broke his collar-bone in the accident.
C2 noun, adjective /ɪˈklɪptɪk/

ecliptic

Meaning
The apparent path of the sun across the sky; relating to eclipses or this path.
Example
The ecliptic is the plane of Earth's orbit around the Sun.
C2 adjective /kənˈvɜːrsənt/

conversant

Meaning
familiar with or knowledgeable about something
Example
She is conversant with the latest developments in technology.
A2 adjective /ˈɛvrideɪ/

everyday

Meaning
common or ordinary; occurring daily
Example
These shoes are perfect for everyday use.
C1 verb ˈɛk.spɪ.daɪt

expedite

Meaning
Make an action or process happen sooner or be accomplished more quickly.
Example
The government took steps to expedite the approval process.
C2 noun /dɪˈkæmərən/

decameron

Meaning
A collection of 100 tales written by Giovanni Boccaccio in the 14th century, told by a group of people over ten days.
Example
The Decameron is considered a masterpiece of classical Italian literature.
C2 adjective /ˈdɪfɪdənt/

diffident

Meaning
Shy or lacking confidence in one's own abilities.
Example
He was too diffident to ask a question in class.
C2 adjective /spæzˈmɒdɪk/

spasmodic

Meaning
occurring irregularly or in sudden bursts
Example
The patient experienced spasmodic coughing during the night.
C2 adjective /ˌʌnəˈʃʊəd/

unassured

Meaning
Lacking confidence or certainty.
Example
She gave an unassured answer during the interview.
C2 noun /ɪˈfluːviəm/

effluvium

Meaning
an unpleasant or harmful odor, secretion, or discharge
Example
The effluvium from the factory spread across the neighborhood.
C2 /ˈpæn.ə.pli/

panoply

Meaning
A complete or impressive collection of things; a full set of armor.
Example
The museum displayed a panoply of ancient weapons.
C1 noun /ədˈhiːʒən/

adhesion

Meaning
the process or state of sticking to something
Example
Strong adhesion is needed for the tiles to stay in place.
B2 noun /ˈlaɪ.kli.hʊd/

likelihood

Meaning
the chance or probability of something happening
Example
There is a strong likelihood of rain tomorrow.
B2 verb /kənˈfɜːr/

confer

Meaning
to discuss something important or to grant or bestow something
Example
The committee will confer to decide on the new policy.
B2 verb /səˈsteɪn/

sustain

Meaning
To support, maintain, or keep something going over time.
Example
The team worked hard to sustain their success.
C1 noun /ˈpɜːrdʒəri/

perjury

Meaning
The offense of willfully telling an untruth in a court after taking an oath.
Example
She was convicted of perjury after giving false evidence.
A1 noun /faɪv/

five

Meaning
The number 5; one more than four and one less than six.
Example
She bought five apples from the market.
B2 noun /ˈrɛfjuːdʒ/

refuge

Meaning
a place that provides shelter or protection from danger or distress
Example
The villagers took refuge in the temple during the storm.
B1 noun kəˈmjuːnɪti ˈprəʊɡræmz

Community Programs

Meaning
Organized activities involving local groups to promote environmental conservation.
Example
Community programs raise awareness about butterfly conservation.
C1 adjective /ˌeɪˈsɛkʃuəl/

asexual

Meaning
Without sexual feelings, associations, or reproduction through sex.
Example
Many plants reproduce through asexual methods like budding or splitting.
C2 adjective /ɔːˈɡʌst/

august

Meaning
Respected and impressive; inspiring reverence or admiration.
Example
The king entered the hall with an august presence.
A2 adverb /ˈdʒɛnərəli/

generally

Meaning
in most cases; usually; as a rule
Example
He generally arrives at work before 9 a.m.
C2 adjective /tʃəˈruːbɪk/

cherubic

Meaning
Innocent, sweet, and angelic, like a cherub.
Example
The baby had a cherubic smile that melted everyone’s heart.
B2 noun ˌreɪdɪˈeɪʃən

radiation

Meaning
The emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles.
Example
Radiation from the sun can be harmful without protection.
B1 noun /ˈmæn.ɪdʒ.mənt/

management

Meaning
The process of dealing with or controlling things or people.
Example
Proper management minimizes environmental damage.
C1 adjective /ˈniːd.ləs/

Needless

Meaning
unnecessary; not required; without purpose
Example
The argument was needless and could have been avoided.
A2 noun /ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/

thinking

Meaning
the process of considering or reasoning about something
Example
Her thinking was clear and precise.
C1 adjective /ˈsɛnʃənt/

sentient

Meaning
Able to perceive or feel things.
Example
Humans are sentient beings capable of reasoning.
C1 noun /ˌædʒ.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/

agitation

Meaning
a state of nervousness, excitement, or unrest; or action of stirring up public concern
Example
There was visible agitation among the crowd.
C1 verb /ɪnˈtæŋɡəl/

entangle

Meaning
to become twisted together or caught in something; to involve in difficulties
Example
The fish got entangled in the net.
A1 noun /ˈvedʒ.tə.bəlz/

Vegetables

Meaning
plants or parts of plants that are eaten as food, such as peas, beans, cabbage, potatoes, onions, or carrots
Example
We should eat more vegetables to maintain a healthy diet.
C1 verb /tɔːnt/

taunt

Meaning
to provoke or challenge someone with insulting remarks
Example
The bully tried to taunt him with cruel words.
B1 verb /ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz/

criticize

Meaning
to express disapproval or find fault with someone or something
Example
The teacher criticized the student's poor handwriting.