CEFR Level
relating to the countries of East Asia; eastern
"The museum has a beautiful collection of oriental art."
Serving as decoration; decorative rather than functional.
"The garden was filled with ornamental plants."
elaborately or highly decorated
"The palace hall was filled with ornate furniture and paintings."
conforming to traditional beliefs or practices
"He comes from a very orthodox family."
traditional or generally accepted beliefs and practices
"The religious leader defended the orthodoxy of the faith."
Relating to the correction of deformities of bones or muscles.
"She visited an orthopedic surgeon for her back pain."
To move or swing back and forth at a regular speed.
"The fan oscillates to spread air around the room."
The movement back and forth at a regular speed.
"The oscillation of the pendulum controls the clock."
stated or appearing to be true, but not necessarily so
"His ostensible reason for leaving was illness, but many doubted it."
Characterized by a showy or pretentious display intended to impress others.
"He wore an ostentatious gold chain to the party."
The act of excluding someone from a group or society.
"The student faced ostracism after breaking the rules."
To exclude someone from a group or society.
"The community decided to ostracize the dishonest trader."
To remove someone from a position or place of power or authority.
"The rebels ousted the dictator from power."
complete; absolute; used to emphasize something extreme
"The speech was an out-and-out lie."
remote or unusual; not in a convenient or usual location
"They stayed in an out-of-the-way village."
a person who is rejected or excluded from society or a group
"He felt like an outcast at school."
A strong expression of public anger or disapproval.
"The decision sparked an outcry among the citizens."
To do better than someone else; to surpass.
"She always tries to outdo her classmates in exams."
something that grows out of something else; a natural development or result
"The new policy was an outgrowth of years of debate."
Looking or sounding bizarre or unfamiliar; strange.
"He wore an outlandish costume to the festival."
to continue longer than; to endure beyond someone or something else
"The old castle has outlasted many generations."
to live longer than someone or something else
"She outlived all her siblings."
No longer in fashion or useful; outdated.
"That old computer is completely outmoded."
A small military camp or position at some distance from the main force, used especially as a guard.
"The soldiers were stationed at a remote outpost."
The act of providing services or support to people who might not otherwise have access to them.
"The charity launched a new outreach program for the homeless."
The practice of having certain job functions done outside a company instead of having an in-house department or employee handle them.
"Many companies use outsourcing to reduce operational costs."
Expressing opinions or feelings freely and openly.
"She is known for being outspoken about social issues."
To extend or stretch something outward.
"He outstretched his hand to help her up."
To go faster or do better than someone or something; to surpass.
"The company outstripped its competitors in sales last year."
on the surface; externally; in appearance
"Outwardly, he seemed calm, but inside he was nervous."
To be more important, valuable, or significant than something else.
"The benefits of the new policy outweigh the risks."
to defeat or gain an advantage over someone by being more clever or cunning
"The fox managed to outwit the hunters."
an enthusiastic show of approval, especially by clapping hands
"The actor received a standing ovation after his performance."
the overflow of liquid from a container; excess that cannot be contained
"The overspill from the river flooded nearby farms."
Having comprehensive and widespread influence or coverage.
"Sustainability is an overarching goal in modern business."
unpleasantly or arrogantly domineering
"His overbearing attitude made everyone uncomfortable."
excessively exaggerated or inflated
"The controversy was overblown by the media."
The unsustainable use of natural resources at a rate that exceeds their ability to regenerate, leading to depletion and environmental degradation.
"Overexploitation of natural resources leads to environmental degradation."
The practice of allowing livestock to graze to the point of damaging vegetation.
"Overgrazing leads to soil erosion and loss of biodiversity."
To extend outward and hang over something; a projecting part.
"The roof overhang provides shade in the summer."
to examine thoroughly and repair or improve something that is worn or ineffective
"The company decided to overhaul its outdated computer system."
To defeat or gain control over someone or something by using greater strength or force.
"The soldiers managed to overpower the enemy forces."
The act of producing more of something than is needed or can be consumed.
"The economic crisis was caused by the overproduction of goods."
to go beyond what is proper, acceptable, or achievable; to overextend
"The politician overreached by making promises he couldn't keep."
to reject or disallow by exercising one's superior authority; to override a decision
"The judge overruled the objection from the defense attorney."
to spread over or occupy completely; to exceed a limit or time
"The garden was overrun with weeds."
a person who supervises work or workers; a manager
"The overseer made sure the workers followed safety rules."
to appear more important or significant than something else, reducing its impact
"The scandal overshadowed his achievements."
Excessively excited or aroused, overwhelmed by too much stimulus.
"Overstimulated minds can lead to burnout and decreased productivity."
Done or shown openly; not hidden or secret.
"There was an overt display of hostility between the rivals."
