CEFR Level
no longer close or affectionate with someone; alienated
"She felt estranged from her family after the long dispute."
the tidal mouth of a large river, where the tide meets the stream
"The city is located near the estuary of the river."
to cut or carve a design onto a surface
"The artist etched her initials into the glass."
extremely delicate, light, or airy; heavenly or otherworldly
"The dancer moved with an ethereal grace that captivated the audience."
the characteristic spirit, values, or beliefs of a community, culture, or organization
"The company’s ethos emphasizes innovation and customer service."
The study of the origin of words and how their meanings and forms have evolved.
"The etymology of the word 'salary' comes from the Latin word for salt."
A speech or piece of writing that praises someone, especially after their death.
"Her brother delivered a heartfelt eulogy at the funeral."
A mild or indirect word or expression used to replace one considered too harsh or blunt.
"He used the euphemism 'passed away' instead of saying 'died'."
A feeling of intense happiness and excitement.
"Winning the championship filled the team with euphoria."
Characterized by or feeling intense excitement and happiness.
"The fans were euphoric after their team's victory."
An exclamation used to express a sudden discovery or realization.
"When the solution finally came to him, he shouted, 'Eureka!'"
The practice of intentionally ending a life to relieve pain and suffering.
"The debate about euthanasia raises difficult ethical questions."
Relating to or involving evaluation or assessment.
"The evaluative phase of the project involves assessing its success."
Relating to the Christian gospel, especially the teachings that emphasize personal faith and the authority of the Bible.
"She grew up in an evangelical church community."
A person who seeks to convert others to the Christian faith, especially by public preaching.
"The evangelist traveled across the country spreading his message."
a cooling device that uses water evaporation to reduce air temperature
"The evaporative cooler works best in dry climates."
The act of avoiding something, especially by cleverness or trickery.
"He was arrested for tax evasion."
Tending to avoid commitment or self-revelation; responding indirectly.
"The politician gave an evasive answer to the reporter's question."
eternal; permanent; enduring forever
"Their love is ever-lasting and will never fade."
Lasting forever or for an indefinitely long time.
"The poet wrote about his everlasting love for nature."
To expel someone from a property, usually by legal process.
"The landlord decided to evict the tenants for not paying rent."
bringing strong images, memories, or feelings to mind
"The music was evocative of her childhood memories."
to make a problem, situation, or feeling worse
"His rude remarks only served to exacerbate the tension."
demanding a lot of effort, attention, or precision
"She is known for her exacting standards in design."
to praise highly or raise in rank, honor, or power
"The community exalted the teacher for his dedication."
a person who is being tested in an examination
"Each examinee was given two hours to complete the test."
to irritate or annoy intensely
"His constant complaints began to exasperate his coworkers."
greatly annoyed or irritated
"She gave him an exasperated look after his repeated mistakes."
Extreme irritation or frustration.
"He sighed in exasperation after hearing the same excuse again."
to dig out or remove earth carefully, often for building or archaeological purposes
"The workers excavated the site to prepare for construction."
going beyond; surpassing; extremely
"The project was completed with exceeding excellence."
a title of honor for people of high rank, especially ambassadors or governors
"His Excellency the Ambassador attended the ceremony."
A short portion taken from a text, film, or piece of music.
"The teacher read an excerpt from the novel."
An amount of physical pressure or stress that is more than what is normal or acceptable.
"Excessive strain on fingers can cause musculoskeletal issues."
to cut out or remove completely, often by surgery
"The surgeon excised the tumor successfully."
easily excited or emotionally aroused
"The child was excitable and laughed at every small thing."
to eliminate waste matter from the body
"Humans excrete carbon dioxide through breathing."
the process of eliminating waste matter from the body
"Excretion is vital for maintaining a healthy body."
causing extreme physical or mental pain
"She was in excruciating pain after the accident."
Able to be forgiven or justified.
"Her mistake was excusable given the circumstances."
A person who carries out a death sentence by execution.
"The executioner prepared the gallows for the condemned prisoner."
A person appointed to carry out the terms of someone's will after their death.
"The executor managed the estate according to the deceased’s wishes."
Serving as a desirable model; representing the best of its kind.
"The soldier showed exemplary courage during the battle."
To illustrate or clarify by giving an example.
"Her actions exemplify the true spirit of generosity."
Free from an obligation or liability imposed on others.
"Students with high grades are exempt from the final exam."
the application of effort; vigorous action
"After so much exertion, she needed to rest."
The action of breathing out.
"Slow exhalation calms the nervous system."
Fully comprehensive and including all possibilities.
"The report provides an exhaustive analysis of the issue."
feeling very happy, animated, or elated
"She felt exhilarated after finishing the marathon."
Making someone feel very excited, happy, or thrilled.
"Skydiving was the most exhilarating experience of his life."
