CEFR Level
A long piece of writing on a particular subject, usually written for a university degree.
"She spent two years writing her doctoral dissertation."
A harmful action; something that does damage rather than help.
"Spreading false information is a disservice to the community."
A person who opposes official policy, especially that of an authoritarian state.
"The dissident was arrested for speaking against the government."
Not alike; different.
"Though they are twins, their personalities are dissimilar."
to scatter or disperse; to gradually disappear or waste away
"The fog began to dissipate as the sun rose."
the act of formally ending or breaking apart something, such as an organization or marriage
"The dissolution of the company was announced yesterday."
Lack of harmony or agreement, especially in sound or ideas.
"The dissonance between his words and actions was obvious."
To persuade someone not to do something.
"She tried to dissuade him from quitting his job."
To purify a liquid by heating and cooling; to extract the essential meaning or most important aspects.
"The factory distills water to make it safe for drinking."
The process of purifying a liquid by heating and cooling; the extraction of the essential meaning.
"Distillation is commonly used to produce alcoholic beverages."
the action of twisting, changing, or misrepresenting the shape, sound, or truth of something
"There was a distortion in the radio signal."
extremely upset and anxious, often to the point of being unable to think clearly
"She was distraught after losing her pet."
to have no confidence or trust in someone or something
"Many people distrust politicians."
a famous female singer; a woman who is admired or behaves like a star
"The pop diva performed her latest hit to a cheering crowd."
to separate from a path, opinion, or standard
"The two friends began to diverge in their career choices."
The process or state of diverging; a difference in opinion, character, etc.
"The divergence of their opinions led to heated debates."
Tending to be different or to develop in different directions.
"The two scientists had divergent opinions on the outcome of the experiment."
The process of a business expanding into different product lines or markets to spread risk and reduce dependence on a single source of income.
"The company's diversification strategy reduced financial risks."
Made or having variety in form, nature, or content.
"The company adopted a diversified business strategy to reduce risks."
The act of changing direction or being distracted; an activity that entertains.
"The road was closed, so we had to take a diversion through the village."
to strip away possessions, rights, or assets; to rid oneself of
"The company decided to divest its unprofitable division."
The quality or state of being divine; a deity.
"The priest spoke about the divinity of the soul."
Capable of being divided by another number without leaving a remainder.
"Twelve is divisible by three and four."
A number by which another number is divided.
"In the equation 12 ÷ 3, the number 3 is the divisor."
to make known something private, secret, or previously unknown
"She refused to divulge the source of her information."
easily managed, taught, or controlled; submissive
"The docile puppy quickly learned new tricks."
A set of beliefs or principles held and taught by a religious, political, or other group.
"The church follows a strict doctrine on moral values."
suspicious; questionable; unreliable; risky or dangerous
"That deal sounds dodgy to me."
a female deer, especially an adult one
"The doe and her fawn were grazing in the meadow."
showing stubborn determination and persistence
"She succeeded through dogged determination."
A principle or set of principles laid down by an authority as incontrovertibly true.
"The religious leader strictly adhered to traditional dogma."
Inclined to lay down principles as undeniably true, without consideration of evidence or others’ opinions.
"Her dogmatic approach left little room for debate."
to tame an animal for use by humans; to adapt something for domestic use
"Humans domesticated dogs thousands of years ago."
The process of taming an animal and keeping it as a pet or for farm produce.
"Domestication of animals has been crucial for human survival."
A person's legal residence or permanent home.
"He declared Canada as his legal domicile."
the exercise of control or influence over someone or something
"The empire sought domination over its neighbors."
To draw or scribble absentmindedly, often while thinking about something else.
"She doodled flowers in the corner of her notebook during class."
the last day of the world's existence; a time of catastrophic destruction
"The preacher spoke about doomsday and the importance of preparing spiritually."
A person whose job is to guard or manage the entrance of a building or room.
"The doorkeeper checked everyone’s passes before they entered the hall."
Inactive or in a state of rest; temporarily not active or growing.
"The volcano has been dormant for centuries."
A collection of documents about a particular person, event, or subject.
"The lawyer presented a dossier of evidence to the court."
to show excessive love or fondness for someone or something
"She tends to dote on her grandchildren."
relentlessly severe, stern, or gloomy in manner or appearance
"His dour expression made the meeting uncomfortable."
to pour liquid over; to extinguish a fire or light
"Firefighters doused the flames with water."
feeling sad, dejected, or with lowered eyes
"He looked downcast after hearing the bad news."
to make something seem less important than it really is
"The company tried to downplay the risks of the new product."
A sudden and heavy fall of rain.
"We got caught in a sudden downpour on our way home."
Property or money brought by a bride to her husband at marriage.
"The dowry tradition is still followed in some cultures."
Dull, lacking brightness or interest; monotonous.
"The room looked drab with its gray walls and dim lighting."
Extremely harsh and severe, especially laws or rules.
"The new regulations were criticized as draconian."
