CEFR Level
A floating marker on water; to keep something afloat or encourage someone.
"The news buoyed their spirits after the loss."
The ability to float in a liquid; cheerfulness and optimism.
"Her natural buoyancy lifted the mood of the group."
Able to float easily; cheerful and optimistic.
"She remained buoyant despite the difficulties."
Involving or characterized by complex rules and procedures that can delay the achievement of goals.
"Bureaucratic red tape often delays project approvals."
Beginning to grow or increase rapidly; flourishing.
"The burgeoning tech industry has attracted many investors."
to move in an energetic or noisy manner; busy activity in a place
"The marketplace bustled with vendors and customers."
a structure built against a wall for support; to support or strengthen
"The cathedral walls were buttressed to prevent collapse."
A rule made by a company, organization, or local authority to control the actions of its members.
"The city council passed a new by-law regulating street vendors."
Something belonging to an earlier time; past and no longer existing.
"He often talks about the traditions of bygone days."
A line in a newspaper or magazine article that names the writer.
"Her byline appeared on the front page of the newspaper."
A hidden storage of items or a high-speed memory in computing.
"The hikers found a cache of supplies hidden under the rocks."
A rhythmic flow of sounds or words; the rise and fall of voice.
"The teacher's cadence made the poem sound musical."
An event causing great damage, distress, or disaster.
"The earthquake was a calamity that left thousands homeless."
acting in a scheming and ruthlessly determined way
"He had a cold and calculating approach to business."
A branch of mathematics concerned with rates of change and accumulation; also a hard mineral deposit in the body such as on teeth.
"Calculus is essential for advanced studies in physics and engineering."
The quality of someone's ability or character; the internal diameter of a gun barrel.
"The university attracts students of high caliber."
To adjust or mark something so it can be used accurately; to standardize.
"The technician calibrated the machine before starting the experiment."
The action or process of adjusting or determining the accuracy of measuring instruments.
"The accuracy of a scale depends on regular calibration."
The art of beautiful and decorative handwriting.
"She took a course to improve her calligraphy skills."
Showing or having an insensitive and cruel disregard for others.
"His callous remarks hurt everyone in the meeting."
A thickened and hardened part of the skin or soft tissue, especially in an area subjected to friction.
"A callus formed on his palm from using tools every day."
mutual trust and friendship among people who spend a lot of time together
"There was a strong sense of camaraderie among the soldiers."
a small but significant role in a play, film, or show, often performed by a well-known person
"The actor made a surprise cameo in the movie."
a small, usually yellow bird known for its singing; also used as a warning sign in dangerous conditions
"The canary sang beautifully in its cage."
Truthful and straightforward; frank
"She gave a candid account of the challenges she faced."
The quality of being open, honest, and straightforward
"Her candidness during the meeting impressed everyone."
The quality of being open and honest in expression
"His candor in admitting mistakes earned him respect."
Relating to dogs; also refers to the pointed teeth in humans and animals
"The police trained a canine unit for search operations."
a person who eats the flesh of other human beings
"The explorer's journal described rumors of cannibals living on the remote island."
Having good judgment, especially in business or practical matters; shrewd.
"She made a canny investment in real estate."
A general law, rule, principle, or collection of sacred books accepted as genuine.
"The book is now considered part of the literary canon."
Conforming to a general rule or accepted standard; officially recognized.
"Shakespeare’s works are considered canonical in English literature."
An overhead covering, such as a roof, tent, or natural cover like tree foliage.
"The couple got married under a beautiful floral canopy."
To solicit votes, orders, or support from people.
"Volunteers went door-to-door to canvass for the candidate."
Any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules.
"Broken capillaries cause dark circles."
a very thin blood vessel that connects arteries and veins
"Oxygen passes from the blood into tissues through capillaries."
The provision of capital for a company or the total value of a company's shares.
"The startup secured significant capitalization from investors."
to surrender or give in after resisting
"The army had no choice but to capitulate to the enemy."
to overturn in the water
"The small fishing boat capsized during the storm."
to attract and hold the attention of someone
"The singer’s voice captivated the entire audience."
the state of being imprisoned, confined, or kept under control
"The rare bird has been bred in captivity."
a person or group who has captured someone or something
"The hostage managed to escape from his captors."
a unit of weight for precious stones, equal to 200 milligrams
"She received a two-carat diamond ring for her engagement."
The process of storing carbon dioxide in vegetation, soils, geological formations, and the ocean to reduce carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere.
"Carbon sequestration helps combat climate change."
the dead body of an animal, especially after being slaughtered
"Vultures fed on the carcass left in the field."
having the potential to cause cancer
"Scientists warned that the chemical is carcinogenic."
aromatic seeds from a plant in the ginger family, used as a spice
"The recipe calls for a pinch of ground cardamom."
Relating to the heart.
"The patient was admitted with a cardiac condition."
As an adjective: of prime importance; as a noun: a high-ranking Catholic clergyman or a type of bird.
"Honesty is a cardinal virtue in life."
A doctor specializing in diagnosing and treating heart diseases.
"She made an appointment with a cardiologist for her chest pain."
