CEFR Level
to fall or move heavily and clumsily; to fail completely
"The new movie flopped at the box office."
The plants of a particular region, habitat, or geological period.
"The flora of the Amazon rainforest is incredibly diverse."
The plants and animals of a particular region, habitat, or geological period.
"The Galápagos Islands have unique flora and fauna."
To struggle or stagger clumsily; to experience difficulty or confusion.
"He floundered in the interview when asked difficult questions."
To openly disregard or show contempt for a rule or law.
"The company was fined for flouting environmental regulations."
Full of flowers or overly elaborate in style or language.
"She wrote a flowery letter filled with poetic phrases."
To change continually between one level or situation and another.
"The prices of vegetables fluctuate throughout the year."
A continual change or variation; an irregular rising and falling.
"The fluctuation in stock prices worried the investors."
The ability of a substance to flow easily; smooth and graceful movement or style.
"The fluidity of the dancer's movements was mesmerizing."
to make someone agitated or confused
"The unexpected question flustered him."
in a state of confusion or agitation
"She appeared flustered after being asked so many questions."
to move or flap quickly and lightly; to beat or wave with small rapid motions
"The butterfly began to flutter its wings in the sunlight."
continuous change or movement; the rate of flow of something
"The company was in a state of constant flux during the reorganization."
A technique of monitoring and maintaining attention on specific tasks or goals.
"Proper focus tracking improves productivity."
food for livestock such as cattle, horses, or sheep; also something considered of little value but used to supply a demand
"The farmer stored enough fodder for the cattle to last through winter."
an enemy or opponent
"The knight fought bravely against his foe."
The leaves of a plant, collectively.
"The autumn foliage looked stunning in the park."
The traditional beliefs, customs, stories, songs, and practices of a community, passed down through generations.
"Bangladeshi folk-lore is rich with myths and legends."
Designed to be very easy to use or understand, leaving no possibility of failure or error.
"The new software has a foolproof installation process."
A note of reference, explanation, or comment placed at the bottom of a page.
"The author included a foot-note to explain the historical context."
To search widely for food or provisions.
"The villagers foraged in the forest for edible plants."
A sudden short attack or attempt, especially into new activity or territory.
"The company made its first foray into the international market."
To refrain from doing something; to show patience or self-control.
"She forbore from commenting on his mistake."
Done by force; using physical strength or power.
"The police made a forcible entry into the house."
A shallow place in a river where one can cross; to cross a river at such a place.
"The travelers decided to ford the river at dawn."
An ancestor, especially one who lived a long time ago.
"He often speaks of his forebears with great respect."
Ancestors or people in previous generations from whom one is descended.
"We must honor the traditions of our forebears."
A feeling that something bad will happen; ominous.
"She felt a deep sense of foreboding as she entered the abandoned house."
to take possession of a property due to the owner's failure to keep up mortgage payments
"The bank decided to foreclose on the property after months of missed payments."
The legal process by which a lender takes control of a property from a borrower who has failed to make payments.
"The family lost their home due to foreclosure after missing several mortgage payments."
an ancestor, especially one who was part of an earlier generation of a family or nation
"Our forefathers fought for independence."
to decide not to do or have something pleasant or valuable
"She decided to forego dessert to maintain her diet."
the part of a scene that is nearest to and in front of the viewer
"The flowers in the foreground brightened the picture."
a person in charge of a group of workers, especially in a factory or construction site
"The foreman supervised the workers on the construction site."
relating to the application of scientific methods to investigate crimes
"The forensic evidence helped solve the case."
A person or thing that comes before another; a predecessor or harbinger.
"The Wright brothers were the forerunners of modern aviation."
To indicate or suggest something that will happen in the future
"Dark clouds foreshadowed an approaching storm."
The ability to predict or plan for the future
"Her foresight helped the company avoid financial trouble."
To prevent or hinder something from happening
"Quick action forestalled a major disaster."
to predict or announce something before it happens
"The old man claimed he could foretell the future."
careful consideration of what will be necessary or may happen in the future
"With a little forethought, we could have avoided the problem."
a short introduction at the beginning of a book, typically written by someone other than the author
"The foreword of the book was written by a famous historian."
to lose or give up something, usually as a penalty for wrongdoing
"He had to forfeit the match after breaking the rules."
a person who makes fake documents, artworks, or signatures
"The police arrested a forger who had been selling counterfeit paintings."
the crime of making fake documents, money, or artworks
"The bank detected a forgery in the signature on the cheque."
to decide not to do or have something
"She decided to forgo dessert to maintain her diet."
extremely sad, lonely, or abandoned
"The abandoned puppy looked so forlorn in the rain."
the rigid observance of rules or customs, especially in social or official situations
"The interview was just a formality since he was already selected."
Having a lasting influence on a person's development or character.
"Childhood is often described as a formative stage in life."
inspiring fear or respect through being impressively large, powerful, or capable
"The team faced a formidable opponent in the final match."
