CEFR Level
Appropriate or suitable; having a natural tendency or quick to learn.
"She is an apt student who quickly understands new concepts."
related to water; living or growing in water
"Dolphins are aquatic animals."
based on random choice or personal whim, rather than reason or system
"The teacher's arbitrary grading upset many students."
a covered passage with arches along one or both sides; also a place with coin-operated games
"The children spent the afternoon playing games at the arcade."
a prefix meaning chief, principal, or extreme in rank, importance, or degree
"The word 'archenemy' uses the prefix 'arch-' to mean the main enemy."
the study of human history and prehistory through excavation and analysis of artifacts, monuments, and other physical remains
"She studied archaeology to learn about ancient civilizations."
the study of human history and prehistory through excavation and analysis of artifacts and structures
"She decided to study archeology to learn about ancient civilizations."
relating to the design and style of buildings and structures
"The city is known for its beautiful architectural designs."
A collection of historical documents or records; to store or preserve information for future use.
"The library decided to archive all the old manuscripts."
A place or collection where historical records and documents are stored.
"She visited the national archives to research her family history."
a large area surrounded by seats for sports, entertainment, or other events
"The basketball game will be held in the new arena downtown."
used to say that a statement is open to argument or is considered true by many people
"She is arguably the most talented player on the team."
to begin to exist or to happen
"Problems may arise if you don't plan ahead."
a class of people holding exceptional rank and privileges, especially hereditary nobility
"The aristocracy often had influence over political decisions."
A contest of armed forces; warfare between opposing military forces.
"Armed conflict resulted in widespread devastation."
protective covering worn by soldiers; metal plating for military vehicles
"The knight wore heavy armour to protect himself in battle."
the hollow area under the arm where it joins the shoulder
"He applied deodorant to his armpit."
A pleasant, distinctive smell.
"The aroma of freshly baked bread filled the kitchen."
Having a pleasant and distinctive smell.
"The chef used aromatic herbs to flavor the dish."
an impressive display or arrangement of things
"The shop displayed an array of colorful dresses."
The quality of being overly proud and having a sense of superiority.
"His arrogance made him unpopular among his colleagues."
Having an exaggerated sense of one's own importance or abilities.
"The arrogant manager dismissed the workers' complaints."
to express thoughts or ideas clearly; having the ability to speak fluently and clearly
"She was able to articulate her ideas during the meeting."
an object made by humans, typically of historical or cultural interest
"The museum displayed ancient artifacts from Egypt."
objects made by humans, often of historical or cultural importance
"Archaeologists discovered valuable artifacts in the ruins."
by artificial means; not naturally; in a fake manner
"The lake was artificially created for irrigation purposes."
a skilled craftsperson who makes things by hand
"The artisan crafted a beautiful wooden chair."
a skilled craftsperson who makes things by hand
"The artisan created a beautiful wooden sculpture."
to move upward or rise to a higher position or level
"The hikers began to ascend the steep mountain trail."
The act of rising or climbing to a higher position or level.
"The climbers began their ascent to the mountain peak at dawn."
the powdery residue left after the burning of a substance
"After the fire, only ash remained of the house."
a grayish color resembling ash
"The old building had ash-colour walls that needed painting."
a strong desire to achieve something; ambition
"Her aspiration is to become a doctor."
to have a strong desire to achieve something
"Many students aspire to study abroad."
a donkey; also an informal term for a foolish person or one's buttocks
"He acted like an ass during the meeting."
a physical attack or to attack someone violently
"He was charged with assault after the fight."
to gather or bring together in one place
"The students assembled in the hall for the meeting."
to state a fact or belief confidently and forcefully
"She asserted her right to speak at the meeting."
a confident and forceful statement of fact or belief
"Her assertion that she was right was met with silence."
having or showing a confident and forceful personality
"He is very assertive in expressing his opinions."
a valuable person, skill, or resource; something owned that has value
"Her communication skills are a great asset to the company."
to give someone a task, duty, or responsibility
"The manager will assign tasks to the new employees."
A belief or statement taken for granted without proof.
"His assumption about the results turned out to be wrong."
Things that are accepted as true or certain to happen, without proof.
"His assumptions about the project were completely wrong."
A positive declaration intended to give confidence; a guarantee.
"She gave her assurance that the project would be completed on time."
confident and certain; guaranteed or made certain
"She felt assured that everything would work out."
A small rocky body orbiting the sun, mostly found in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.
"The asteroid belt lies between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter."
to surprise someone greatly; to fill with sudden wonder or amazement
"The magician’s final trick astonished the entire audience."
feeling very surprised or amazed
"She was astonished by the magician's incredible trick."
extremely surprising or impressive
"The results of the experiment were astonishing."
