CEFR Level
A problem or difficulty that makes a situation harder to deal with.
"His illness led to serious complications after surgery."
expressing praise or admiration; given or supplied free of charge as a courtesy
"The hotel offers complimentary breakfast for all guests."
to act in accordance with a rule, request, or law
"All companies must comply with safety regulations."
a part or element of a larger whole, especially a machine or system
"The engine is the most important component of the car."
to create or write something, especially music, poetry, or a letter
"She likes to compose songs in her free time."
calm and in control of oneself; made up of or formed from
"He remained composed even under pressure."
decayed organic matter used as fertilizer
"The gardener added compost to enrich the soil."
The controlled decomposition of organic matter to produce fertilizer.
"Composting reduces waste and enhances soil fertility."
a thing that is composed of two or more separate elements; an enclosed area with buildings
"The scientist studied the chemical compound in the lab."
to understand or grasp the meaning of something
"It is difficult to comprehend the scale of the disaster."
the ability to understand something
"Good reading comprehension is essential for academic success."
including all or nearly all elements or aspects; complete
"The report provides a comprehensive overview of the project."
To consist of or be made up of something.
"The committee comprises five members."
A settlement of differences in which each side makes concessions; or to weaken or put at risk.
"They reached a compromise after long negotiations."
Required by law or a rule; obligatory.
"Wearing seat belts is compulsory in most countries."
to hide something or keep it secret
"He tried to conceal his disappointment behind a smile."
to admit something is true or valid, often reluctantly
"She finally conceded that she was wrong."
to form or imagine an idea in the mind; to become pregnant
"It is hard to conceive how such an idea could succeed."
about or relating to something; causing worry or anxiety
"There are some reports concerning the new project."
something that is granted, especially in response to demands; a compromise
"The company made several concessions during the negotiations."
giving much information clearly and in a few words; brief but comprehensive
"The teacher asked for a concise summary of the article."
based on facts, not on ideas or guesses; specific and real
"She gave a concrete example to support her argument."
A temporary unconsciousness or shock caused by a blow to the head.
"He suffered a concussion after falling from the bike."
To express strong disapproval of; to declare something as wrong or unacceptable.
"The government condemned the act of violence."
The process of water vapor changing into liquid; also, the act of making something more concise.
"Condensation formed on the windows during the cold night."
milk from which water has been removed and sugar added, creating a thick, sweet product
"The recipe calls for a can of condensed milk to make the dessert extra creamy."
dependent on certain conditions; not absolute
"The job offer is conditional upon passing the background check."
a person who directs a performance or someone who collects fares on public transport; or a material that conducts electricity
"The conductor waved his baton to start the orchestra."
sweets, candies, and other food items made with sugar
"The shop sells a wide variety of confectionery."
to discuss something important or to grant or bestow something
"The committee will confer to decide on the new policy."
to admit that you have done something wrong or illegal
"He confessed that he had stolen the money."
a statement admitting that one is guilty of a crime or has done something wrong
"The suspect made a full confession to the police."
To tell someone about a secret or private matter while trusting them not to repeat it.
"He confided his worries to his best friend."
intended to be kept secret or private
"The lawyer shared confidential documents with her client."
The state of keeping or being kept secret or private
"Confidentiality is crucial in data security."
an arrangement of parts or elements in a particular form or structure
"The configuration of the system needs to be adjusted for better performance."
to keep or restrict someone or something within limits
"He was confined to his room after the surgery."
The process of finding peaceful solutions to disputes or disagreements between parties.
"Conflict resolution is vital for global peace."
To comply with rules, standards, or laws.
"Students must conform to the school regulations."
to face someone or something directly, especially in a challenge or conflict
"She had to confront her fears before making the speech."
A hostile or argumentative meeting or situation between opposing parties.
"The protest led to a confrontation with the police."
Blocked up with too much traffic or crowding.
"The road was congested during rush hour."
Traffic jam or overcrowded condition in roads or areas where there is excessive presence of vehicles or people.
"Urban congestion leads to longer travel times."
a formal meeting or assembly, especially of representatives for discussion
"The international congress on climate change will be held next year."
a word used to connect clauses or sentences, or to coordinate words
"The words 'and' and 'but' are common conjunctions."
The state of being connected or interconnected; capacity for the interconnection of platforms, systems, and applications.
"The connectivity in rural areas needs improvement."
To defeat and take control of a place or people by force.
"The king set out to conquer new lands."
An inner sense of right and wrong that guides a person's actions.
"Her conscience told her to admit the mistake."
Aware of and responding to one's surroundings; awake.
"She was fully conscious after the surgery."
the state of being aware of and able to think about oneself and the environment
"The patient regained consciousness after the surgery."
