CEFR Level
To make something not valid or legally acceptable.
"The new evidence may invalidate the previous ruling."
Extremely useful or indispensable.
"Her advice proved invaluable to my success."
Not changing; constant and unchanging.
"His invariable kindness won him many friends."
Tending to spread harmfully, intruding aggressively, or encroaching beyond proper boundaries.
"The doctor explained that the procedure was minimally invasive."
Having the ability to create or design new things or to think originally.
"The inventor was known for his inventive solutions to everyday problems."
Opposite in position, direction, order, or effect.
"There is an inverse relationship between price and demand."
in a way that is opposite or contrary; in reverse order or manner
"The price of goods is inversely related to their availability in the market."
A reversal of the normal order, position, or relationship.
"In poetry, inversion is often used to create emphasis."
To turn something upside down or in the opposite position, order, or direction.
"He inverted the glass to let the water drain out."
to give strength, energy, or vitality to something or someone
"A short walk in the fresh air will invigorate you."
too powerful to be defeated or overcome
"The team seemed invincible after winning ten matches in a row."
to call upon a higher power, authority, or principle for help, support, or justification
"The lawyer invoked the constitution to defend his client."
done without will or conscious control
"He gave an involuntary shiver when he heard the loud noise."
In the mind or spirit; not outwardly visible.
"She smiled outwardly but inwardly she was worried."
Extremely angry.
"The customer became irate after waiting for hours."
annoying or irritating
"Waiting in a long line is one of the most irksome tasks."
impossible to change, break, or dispute; very strong and firm
"The company had an ironclad contract with its suppliers."
not logical or reasonable; lacking clear thought
"His fear of the dark was completely irrational."
The quality of being illogical or unreasonable; lack of rational thought.
"His decision was driven by complete irrationality."
Impossible to deny or disprove
"The scientist provided irrefutable proof of the theory."
lack of regularity or consistency; a deviation from what is normal, expected, or orderly
"The audit revealed several financial irregularities in the company’s records."
the quality of not being connected to or important for a particular matter; lack of significance
"His long explanation only highlighted the irrelevance of the details to the main issue."
the state of being unrelated or unimportant to the matter at hand
"The judge dismissed the argument because of its irrelevancy to the case."
Too severe to be corrected or repaired.
"The earthquake caused irreparable damage to the village."
Impossible to control or restrain.
"She had an irrepressible urge to laugh during the speech."
without taking something into account; regardless of
"All students will be treated equally, irrespective of their background."
lack of responsibility or accountability; failure to act in a reliable or sensible way
"The accident was caused by his irresponsibility at work."
showing a lack of respect for people or things that are usually respected
"The comedian’s irreverent jokes offended some of the audience."
Not able to be undone, changed, or reversed.
"The damage caused by the fire was irreversible."
Harm or injury that cannot be undone or repaired.
"Climate change causes irreversible damage to ecosystems."
Not able to be revoked, changed, or undone.
"She made an irrevocable decision to leave the company."
To supply land or crops with water by artificial means.
"Farmers irrigate their fields during the dry season."
easily annoyed or made angry
"She became irritable after working long hours without rest."
something that causes irritation or discomfort
"Dust is a common irritant for people with allergies."
A small island or peninsula, often poetic or literary.
"They spent their honeymoon on a beautiful tropical isle."
Atoms of the same element with equal number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
"Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope used in dating fossils."
The quality or condition of feeling an irritating sensation on the skin that causes a desire to scratch.
"Eye itchiness often leads to rubbing."
To repeat a process or statement, often to improve or refine.
"The software team will iterate the design until it meets user needs."
A planned route or schedule of a journey or trip.
"The travel agent gave us a detailed itinerary for our vacation."
To poke or thrust quickly, often with a finger or something pointed.
"He jabbed his finger at the map to show the location."
a large tropical fruit with a spiky exterior and sweet flesh inside
"The jackfruit is the largest tree fruit in the world."
Tired, bored, or lacking enthusiasm, typically after having had too much of something.
"After years of traveling, she felt jaded by the constant movement."
a large celebration or party; a gathering with entertainment; a festive event
"The scout jamboree brought together thousands of young people from around the world."
Specialized or technical language used by a particular group or profession.
"The lawyer’s explanation was full of legal jargon."
Striking or shocking in a way that creates a strong contrast or clash.
"The sudden loud noise was jarring to everyone in the room."
A medical condition in which the skin and eyes become yellow due to liver problems.
"The doctor diagnosed the baby with jaundice."
To put something into a situation of risk or danger.
"Reckless driving can jeopardize lives."
Danger of loss, harm, or failure.
"His careless driving put everyone in jeopardy."
A joke or witty remark; to speak humorously.
"He spoke in jest, but his words offended her."
to throw or drop something from a ship, aircraft, or vehicle to lighten the load; to abandon something no longer wanted
"The crew had to jettison cargo to save the sinking ship."
