C2 adjective /ˈrɛd.ələnt/

redolent

Meaning

having a strong pleasant smell; strongly reminiscent or suggestive of something

Example

The kitchen was redolent of spices and fresh herbs.

B1 noun /əˈtendəns/

Attendance

出席

Meaning

the action or state of going regularly to or being present at a place or event

Example

The teacher takes attendance at the beginning of each class.

先生は毎回の授業の始めに出席を取ります。

C2 noun /ɪnˈtɛnʃən/

intension

内的意味

Meaning

The internal content of a concept; the set of attributes implied by a word or phrase.

Example

The intension of the word 'dog' includes being a mammal and domesticated.

'犬'という言葉のインテンションには哺乳類であり、飼いならされたことが含まれます。

C2 noun /pɜːrtʃt raɪs/

Perched rice

膨らんだご飯

Meaning

puffed rice; rice that has been heated and puffed into light, crispy grains

Example

I enjoy eating puffed rice as a healthy snack.

私は健康的なおやつとして膨らんだご飯を食べるのが好きです。

B2 noun /ˈmæm.əl/

mammal

哺乳類

Meaning

A warm-blooded animal with hair or fur, and females produce milk for their young.

Example

The whale is the largest mammal on Earth.

クジラは地球上で最も大きな哺乳類です。

C1 noun /ˈbɪɡətri/

bigotry

偏見

Meaning

Intolerance toward those who hold different opinions or lifestyles.

Example

Her bigotry prevented her from accepting people with different beliefs.

彼女の偏見は、異なる信念を持つ人々を受け入れることを妨げていた。

C2 noun /ɪnˈvɛstɪtʃər/

investiture

任命式

Meaning

the formal ceremony of conferring authority, rank, or office

Example

The king held an investiture ceremony for the new knight.

王は新しい騎士のために任命式を開催しました。

C2 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈdjuːsəbl/

irreducible

不可約

Meaning

impossible to reduce or simplify further

Example

The fraction 3/7 is irreducible.

分数 3/7 は不可約です。

B2 adjective /prəˈnaʊnst/

pronounced

顕著な

Meaning

very noticeable or strongly marked

Example

There is a pronounced difference between the two styles.

二つのスタイルの間には顕著な違いがあります。

C2 verb /ˈmiːliəˌreɪt/

meliorate

改善する

Meaning

To make something better or improve a condition.

Example

The new policies aim to meliorate the living conditions of the poor.

新しい政策は貧しい人々の生活条件を改善することを目指しています。

C2 verb /bɪˈnʌm/

benumb

麻痺させる

Meaning

to make physically numb or without sensation; to make mentally dull or insensitive

Example

The freezing wind seemed to benumb his fingers within minutes.

凍える風が数分で彼の指を麻痺させた。

A2 verb /prəˈvaɪd/

provide

提供する

Meaning

to give or supply something that is needed or wanted

Example

The teacher will provide extra materials for the students.

教師は学生に追加の資料を提供するでしょう。

B2 adjective /ʌnəˈfreɪd/

unafraid

恐れない

Meaning

Not feeling fear; brave or courageous

Example

She walked into the dark room, unafraid of what might be inside.

彼女は暗い部屋に入り、恐れないで何があるかを見た。

C2 noun /ˈpærəmʊr/

paramour

愛人

Meaning

a lover, especially an illicit one

Example

The secret paramour was finally revealed.

秘密の愛人はついに明らかにされました。

B2 noun, verb /ˈriːteɪl/

retail

小売

Meaning

the sale of goods to the public in small quantities for use or consumption rather than for resale

Example

The company specializes in the retail of clothing and accessories.

この会社は衣類とアクセサリーの小売を専門としています。

C1 noun /ˈspiːʃiː/

specie

硬貨

Meaning

money in the form of coins rather than notes or credit

Example

The transaction was made in specie.

取引は硬貨で行われました。

C1 noun /ˈɡʌnˌpaʊdər/

Gunpowder

火薬

Meaning

explosive powder used in guns and fireworks

Example

Gunpowder was invented in ancient China.

火薬は古代中国で発明されました。

C1 noun /ˈmelənkəli/

Melancholy

メランコリー; 思索的または優しい悲しみ

Meaning

A feeling of pensive sadness; thoughtful or gentle sadness

Example

A deep melancholy settled over him after reading the old letters.

古い手紙を読んだ後、彼は深いメランコリーに包まれました。

A2 noun /ˈheəkʌt/

haircut

散髪

Meaning

the act or style of cutting hair

Example

I got a haircut before the wedding.

私は結婚式の前に散髪しました。

A1 verb, noun /tʃɛk/

check

チェック

Meaning

To examine, inspect, or verify something; also a written order to a bank to pay money.

Example

Please check the report before submitting it.

レポートを提出する前にチェックしてください。

C2 noun /ˈspuːnərɪzəm/

spoonerism

スプーナリズム

Meaning

A verbal error in which the initial sounds of words are swapped to create a humorous effect.

Example

He made a spoonerism by saying 'queer old dean' instead of 'dear old queen'.

彼は『変な老院長』と言って『親愛なる老女王』の代わりにスプーナリズムを作った。

B2 noun /ˌsɪmjuˈleɪʃən/

simulation

シミュレーション

Meaning

the imitation of a situation or process

Example

The simulation helped the students understand the complex theory.

シミュレーションは学生が複雑な理論を理解するのを助けました。

C1 adjective /ˈmel.əʊ/

Mellow

柔らかくて心地よい; 落ち着いていて優しい

Meaning

soft and pleasant; relaxed and gentle

Example

The mellow evening light created a peaceful atmosphere.

穏やかな夕方の光が平和な雰囲気を作り出しました。

C1 adjective /ˈdek.stər.əs/

dexterous

器用

Meaning

Showing or having skill, especially with the hands; mentally adroit and skillful.

Example

A dexterous programmer can write complex codes effortlessly.

器用なプログラマーは複雑なコードを楽々と書けます。

C2 noun /ˌdɛkəˈsɪləbəl/

decasyllable

十音節詩行

Meaning

A line of verse with ten syllables.

Example

The poet often wrote in decasyllable form.

詩人はしばしば十音節詩行で書いていた。

A1 adjective /ˈbɪzi/

busy

忙しい

Meaning

actively engaged in work or activity; occupied

Example

He is too busy to answer the phone.

彼は電話に出るのがあまりにも忙しい。

C1 noun/verb /kruːˈseɪd/

crusade

十字軍、激しいキャンペーン

Meaning

a vigorous campaign for a social, political, or religious cause; to fight passionately for a cause

Example

She has been crusading for women's rights all her life.

彼女は一生を女性の権利のために戦っています。

C1 verb /ˈsɪvɪlaɪz/

civilize

文明化する

Meaning

to bring a society or group to a more developed, organized, or socially acceptable state; to educate and refine behavior

Example

Education can help civilize communities by promoting shared values and respect.

教育は共有された価値観と尊重を促進することで、地域社会を文明化する助けになります。

A1 adjective /ˈæŋ.ɡri/

Angry

怒っている; 怒った;

Meaning

feeling or showing strong displeasure; furious; irritated

Example

She was angry because someone had broken her favorite vase.

彼女は誰かが彼女のお気に入りの花瓶を壊したので怒っていた。

A2 noun /dʒɔɪ/

Joy

喜び

Meaning

a feeling of great pleasure and happiness; a person or thing that causes delight

Example

The children's laughter filled the house with joy during the holiday celebration.

子供たちの笑い声は、休日の祝賀の間に家を喜びで満たしました。

C1 noun /ˈʌndərˌwɜːrld/

underworld

アンダーワールド

Meaning

The criminal world of organized crime or the mythical world of the dead.

Example

The detective spent years studying the secrets of the underworld.

探偵はアンダーワールドの秘密を何年も研究していました。

C2 noun /ˈzuːəʊˌplæŋktən/

zooplankton

動物プランクトン

Meaning

Microscopic aquatic animals that drift in water bodies and form an essential part of the aquatic food chain, serving as food for fish and other marine organisms.

Example

Zooplankton plays an important role in the aquatic food chain.

動物プランクトンは水生食物連鎖で重要な役割を果たします。

B2 noun /ˈtʃeɪmbər/

chamber

部屋

Meaning

a large room used for formal or public events, or a private room.

Example

The king held meetings in his private chamber.

王は自分のプライベートな部屋で会議を開きました。

C2 noun /proʊˈbɑːsɪs/

proboscis

象の鼻

Meaning

The long, flexible nose of some animals, especially an elephant, or a tubular feeding and sucking organ in insects.

Example

The elephant used its proboscis to grab food.

ゾウは食べ物を取るためにその象の鼻を使った。

B1 adjective /sɪˈlek.tɪd/

selected

選ばれた

Meaning

carefully chosen from a group for a particular purpose

Example

He was one of the selected candidates for the scholarship.

彼は奨学金のために選ばれた候補者の一人でした。

C2 adjective /ˈslæp.dæʃ/

slapdash

ぞんざい

Meaning

done too quickly and carelessly; hasty and careless

Example

The report was written in a slapdash manner, full of errors.

レポートはぞんざいに書かれており、間違いだらけだった。

C2 adjective /mɔːrˈdeɪʃəs/

mordacious

辛辣または皮肉な

Meaning

Sharp or biting in style, tone, or remark; sarcastic.

Example

The critic’s mordacious review offended the author.

批評家の辛辣なレビューは著者を怒らせた。

A1 pronoun /ɪts/

its

それの

Meaning

Belonging to or associated with a thing previously mentioned.

Example

The company changed its logo last year.

会社は昨年そのロゴを変更しました。

B2 adjective /dɪm/

Dim

薄暗い; 少ない光; 弱い

Meaning

not bright; having little light; faint

Example

The room was dim with only a small candle for light.

部屋は薄暗く、ライトとして小さなキャンドルだけがありました。

C2 adjective /ˈkɒndaɪn/

condign

相応しい

Meaning

deserved, appropriate, and fitting (especially punishment)

Example

The criminal received condign punishment for his crimes.

犯人は自分の罪にふさわしい罰を受けた。

B1 adjective /ˌdɪs.əˈpɔɪn.tɪd/

Disappointed

がっかり

Meaning

sad because something has not happened or is not as good as expected

Example

She was disappointed with her exam results.

彼女は試験の結果にがっかりしていた。

C1 adjective /ˌɛk.spəˈnɛn.ʃəl/

exponential

急速な成長または拡張

Meaning

Rapid growth or expansion at an increasing rate

Example

Technology is advancing at an exponential rate.

テクノロジーは指数関数的に進化しています。

A2 noun /ˈdjuː.ti/

Duty

義務

Meaning

something that one is expected or required to do; moral or legal obligation

Example

It is our duty as citizens to vote in elections.

市民として選挙で投票することは私たちの義務です。

C2 noun /ˈdʒæz.mɪn/

Jesmine

ジャスミン

Meaning

a climbing shrub with fragrant white or yellow flowers

Example

The jasmine flowers filled the garden with their sweet fragrance.

ジャスミンの花が庭を甘い香りで満たした。

C1 noun /nɑːtʃ/

notch

切り込み

Meaning

A small cut or groove on the edge or surface of something; a level or degree of achievement.

Example

He carved a notch on the stick to mark the days.

彼は日数を記録するために棒に切り込みを入れました。

C1 noun ˈæf.lu.əns

affluence

富裕

Meaning

The state of having a great deal of money; wealth.

Example

His affluence allowed him to travel the world.

彼の富は世界中を旅することを可能にしました。

C1 noun, verb /ˈfɛrɪt/

ferret

フェレット, 何かを粘り強く探すまたは発見する

Meaning

a small domesticated animal used for hunting; to search or uncover something persistently

Example

He ferreted out the hidden documents.

彼は隠された書類を見つけました。

C2 noun /ˈæntɪk/

antic

ユーモア

Meaning

a playful, funny, or silly act or gesture

Example

The children laughed at the clown’s antics.

子供たちはクラウンのユーモアに笑いました。

C2 adjective /trænzˈmɪsəbl/

transmissible

感染性

Meaning

able to be passed or spread from one person or thing to another

Example

COVID-19 is a highly transmissible disease.

COVID-19 は非常に感染しやすい病気です。

C1 noun/verb /vɔːlt/

vault

金庫 / 飛び越える

Meaning

A secure room for storing valuables; also to leap or spring over something.

Example

The bank kept its gold bars in a secure vault.

銀行は金の延べ棒を安全な金庫に保管していました。

C2 verb /kɒnˈkætəneɪt/

concatenate

連結する

Meaning

To link things together in a series or chain.

Example

The program concatenates two strings into one.

プログラムは二つの文字列を一つに連結します。

A2 adverb /ɪˈspeʃəli/

Especially

特に; 特別に; とりわけ

Meaning

particularly; in particular; above all

Example

I love all fruits, especially mangoes.

私はすべての果物が好きですが、特にマンゴーが好きです。

C2 noun brəˈvɑː.dəʊ

bravado

実際ではない勇気や自信の誇示

Meaning

Show of courage or confidence that is not real.

Example

His bravado masked his nervousness before the performance.

彼のブラヴァードはパフォーマンス前の緊張を隠していた。

B2 adjective /ˈaɪsi/

Icy

氷のような; 非常に冷たい; 敵対的

Meaning

extremely cold; covered with ice; unfriendly or hostile

Example

The icy wind made everyone shiver.

氷のような風が皆を震えさせた。

B1 noun /ˈbaɪbəl/

bible

聖書

Meaning

the Christian scriptures consisting of the Old and New Testaments; also used for any authoritative book

Example

She reads the Bible every morning.

彼女は毎朝聖書を読みます。

C1 noun /ˈʌp.ʃɒt/

Upshot

結果; 結論

Meaning

the final result or outcome of a series of events; conclusion

Example

The upshot of the meeting was a decision to postpone the project.

会議の結果はプロジェクトの延期を決定することでした。

A1 noun /ˈdɒktər/

doctor

医者

Meaning

A qualified medical professional who treats illnesses and injuries.

Example

The doctor prescribed medicine for the patient.

医者は患者に薬を処方しました。

B1 noun /tuːn/

Tune

メロディー; 音楽作品; 音程

Meaning

a melody or musical composition; correct musical pitch

Example

She hummed a beautiful tune while working in the garden.

彼女は庭で働きながら、美しいメロディーを口ずさんでいた。

C1 verb /dɪˈflɛkt/

deflect

反らす / 避ける

Meaning

to cause something to change direction; to avoid answering directly

Example

The shield deflected the incoming arrow.

盾は飛んできた矢を反らした。

B1 noun /ˈbed ʃiːt/

Bed sheet

ベッドシーツ

Meaning

a large rectangular piece of cloth used as bedding to lie on or under

Example

The clean white bed sheet felt soft against her skin.

清潔な白いベッドシーツは彼女の肌に柔らかく感じました。

C1 verb /raɪl/

rile

Meaning

to irritate or annoy someone

Example

His careless comments really riled her.

A2 adverb /ˈev.ri.weər/

Everywhere

どこでも

Meaning

in all places; wherever you go

Example

The internet allows us to connect with people everywhere.

インターネットは、どこでも人々とつながることを可能にします。

C1 verb /ˈɒp.tɪ.maɪz/

optimize

最適化する

Meaning

To make the best or most effective use of a situation, opportunity, or resource.

Example

The company is working to optimize its supply chain.

会社はサプライチェーンの最適化に取り組んでいます。

B2 verb /ˈsɪmbəlaɪz/

symbolize

象徴する

Meaning

to represent or stand for something else

Example

The dove symbolizes peace across cultures.

鳩は文化を超えて平和を象徴しています。

B2 adverb /wɛərˈbaɪ/

whereby

によって

Meaning

by which; because of which

Example

The company agreed to a contract whereby it would pay the penalty.

その会社は、罰金を支払う契約に同意しました。

C1 noun /ˈlaɪtʃi/

Litchi

ライチ

Meaning

a small oval pink-red tropical fruit with white translucent flesh and sweet taste

Example

The litchi has a rough pink shell that you peel to eat the sweet white fruit inside.

ライチは、外側がざらざらしたピンク色の皮で、中に甘くて白い果実が入っています。

B1 noun /ˈpɔːrʃən/

portion

部分

Meaning

A part or share of something.

Example

She ate only a small portion of the meal.

彼女は食事のほんの一部を食べました。

B2 adjective /ˈærəɡənt/

Arrogant

傲慢; 高慢

Meaning

having an exaggerated sense of one's importance; proud

Example

His arrogant behavior made him very unpopular.

彼の傲慢な態度は彼を非常に不人気にした。

B2 adjective /ˈhez.ɪ.tənt/

Hesitant

ためらう; 不確か; 気が進まない

Meaning

uncertain or unwilling to act; showing doubt or reluctance

Example

She was hesitant to accept the job offer.

彼女は仕事のオファーを受け入れることに躊躇していた。

C2 adjective /ˈtɪd.li/

Tiddley

軽く酔った; 小さいまたは微小

Meaning

slightly drunk; small or tiny

Example

After a few drinks, he felt a bit tiddley.

いくつかの飲み物を飲んだ後、彼は少しtiddliに感じた。

B2 noun/adjective /səˈvɪliən/

civilian

市民

Meaning

a person not in the armed forces or police

Example

The area was evacuated to protect the civilians.

その地域は市民を守るために避難されました。

B2 adjective ˈel.ɪ.dʒə.bəl

eligible

資格がある

Meaning

Having the right to do or obtain something through satisfaction of the appropriate conditions.

Example

Only eligible candidates are considered for appointments.

資格のある候補者のみが任命のために考慮されます。

C1 noun /sɔɪl ˈmæn.ɪdʒ.mənt/

soil management

土壌管理

Meaning

The application of operations, practices, and treatments to protect soil and enhance its performance.

Example

Proper soil management improves long-term agricultural productivity.

適切な土壌管理は、長期的な農業生産性を向上させます。

C2 noun /ˈɪrɪtənsi/

irritancy

苛立ち

Meaning

the quality or state of causing irritation; legal or formal invalidation

Example

The constant noise became an irritancy to the neighbors.

絶え間ない騒音は隣人にとって苛立ちの原因となりました。

A2 noun /kənˈtrəʊl/

control

コントロール

Meaning

The power to influence or direct people's behavior or the course of events.

Example

Proper control measures are necessary.

適切なコントロール手段が必要です。

B2 adjective /ˈtræŋkwɪl/

tranquil

静かな

Meaning

Free from disturbance; calm and peaceful.

Example

A tranquil environment promotes relaxation and focus.

静かな環境はリラックスと集中を促進します。

A2 noun (plural) /ædz/

ads

Meaning

short for advertisements; promotional messages intended to sell products or services

Example

I often skip ads when watching videos online.

私はオンライン動画を見るとき、よく広告をスキップします。

B2 noun /ˈtraɪ.əl/

Trial

裁判; テスト

Meaning

a formal examination of evidence in a court; a test of performance or quality

Example

The murder trial lasted for three weeks in the county courthouse.

殺人裁判は郡の裁判所で3週間続いた。

C2 adjective /ˈtɔːrpɪd/

torpid

無気力

Meaning

Mentally or physically inactive; sluggish or lethargic.

Example

After the long hike, he felt torpid and unmotivated.

長いハイキングの後、彼は無気力でやる気が出なかった。

B2 adjective /dɪˈraɪvd/

derived

派生した

Meaning

Developed or obtained from something else; not original.

Example

The word is derived from Latin.

その単語はラテン語から派生しています。

C1 noun ˌsɪs.təˈmæt.ɪk ˈstræt.ə.dʒi

systematic strategy

体系的戦略

Meaning

A methodical and organized plan or approach to achieve specific objectives.

Example

A systematic strategy was employed to achieve objectives.

目標を達成するために体系的戦略が採用されました。

A2 adjective /ˈselfɪʃ/

Selfish

利己的

Meaning

caring only about oneself rather than others

Example

He was too selfish to share his food with others.

彼は他の人と食べ物を共有するにはあまりにも自己中心的だった。

C2 adjective /ˌɑːrbəˈrɛsənt/

arborescent

樹木のような

Meaning

having the appearance or characteristics of a tree; tree-like

Example

The coral had an arborescent form that resembled a miniature forest.

サンゴは、小さな森に似た樹木のような形をしていた。

C2 noun /ɪˈmɛtɪk/

emetic

催吐薬

Meaning

a substance that causes vomiting

Example

The doctor administered an emetic to remove the poison.

医師は毒を取り除くために催吐薬を投与しました。

C2 noun /ˈsweɪʒən/

suasion

説得

Meaning

the act of persuading or influencing someone

Example

The leader used gentle suasion to win support for the plan.

リーダーは計画への支援を得るために穏やかな説得を使用しました。

C2 noun /ˈæntɪfɒn/

antiphon

アンティフォン

Meaning

a short chant or verse sung responsively in Christian worship, typically sung before or after a psalm or canticle

Example

The choir sang the antiphon before beginning the main hymn.

合唱団は主の賛歌を始める前にアンティフォンを歌いました。

C1 noun daɪˈkɒtəmi

dichotomy

二項対立

Meaning

A division or contrast between two things that are or are represented as being opposed or entirely different.

Example

The dichotomy between tradition and modernity is often debated.

伝統と現代の二分法はよく議論されます。

B1 verb /ʌnˈlɒk/

unlock

解錠する

Meaning

to open something that is locked; to make something accessible or available

Example

She used the key to unlock the door.

彼女は鍵を使ってドアを解錠した。

C1 noun /naɪˈiːvteɪ/

naivete

Meaning

The quality of being naive; lack of experience, wisdom, or judgment.

Example

His naivete made him an easy target for manipulation.

C1 verb /ˌriːɪnˈtɪɡreɪt/

reintegrate

再統合する

Meaning

To bring someone or something back into a group or society after being separated.

Example

The program helps prisoners reintegrate into society.

そのプログラムは囚人が社会に再統合するのを助けます。

C1 noun ˈɛf.lu.ənt

effluent

排水または汚染された液体

Meaning

Liquid waste or sewage discharged into a river or the sea.

Example

Factory effluent contaminates nearby rivers and lakes.

工場の排水は近くの川や湖を汚染します。

C2 noun /ˈɑːrbərɪˌkʌltʃər/

arboriculture

樹木栽培

Meaning

the cultivation and management of trees and shrubs

Example

He studied arboriculture to improve urban green spaces.

彼は都市の緑地を改善するために樹木栽培を学びました。

A1 noun, verb /ˈiː.meɪl/

e-mail

電子メール

Meaning

messages distributed by electronic means from one computer user to another

Example

I sent an e-mail to my professor yesterday.

私は昨日、教授に電子メールを送りました。

C2 noun /ˈfoʊksl/

forecastle

フォアキャッスル

Meaning

The forward part of a ship below the deck, traditionally used as living quarters for the crew.

Example

The sailors gathered in the forecastle after their shift.

船員たちはシフト後にフォアキャッスルに集まりました。

C2 noun /ˈdʒæk.dɔː/

Jack-daw

小さなカラス

Meaning

a small gray and black bird of the crow family, known for its intelligence

Example

The jackdaw collected shiny objects for its nest.

ジャックドーはその巣のために輝く物を集めました。

C1 noun /ʃeɪl/

shale

頁岩

Meaning

a fine-grained sedimentary rock that can be split into thin layers

Example

The region is rich in shale and natural gas deposits.

その地域は頁岩と天然ガスの埋蔵量が豊富です。

C2 noun (plural) /maɪˈnjuːʃiiː/

minutiae

細部

Meaning

the small, precise, or trivial details of something

Example

The lawyer focused on the minutiae of the contract.

弁護士は契約の細部に集中しました。

B2 noun, verb /ˈɪnstɪˌtjuːt/

institute

インスティチュート

Meaning

as a noun, an organization founded for a specific purpose; as a verb, to establish or initiate

Example

The university decided to institute new rules for the library.

大学は図書館のために新しいルールを設立することを決定しました。

B1 verb /ˈɪndʒər/

injure

怪我をさせる

Meaning

to cause physical harm or damage to someone or something

Example

He injured his leg while playing football.

彼はサッカーをしている時に足を怪我した。

B2 adjective /ˈwɜːldli/

worldly

世俗的

Meaning

Concerned with material values or ordinary life rather than spiritual matters.

Example

He was more interested in worldly success than in spiritual growth.

彼は精神的な成長よりも世俗的な成功に興味がありました。

C2 noun /miːn/

mien

表情

Meaning

A person's appearance or manner, especially as an indication of their character or mood.

Example

His serious mien made everyone fall silent.

彼の真剣な表情は皆を黙らせた。

C1 noun /ˌɪnkjʊˈbeɪʃən/

incubation

卵、細胞、または生物を適切な条件で発展させるプロセス

Meaning

the process of keeping eggs, cells, or organisms in the right conditions for development

Example

The incubation of the eggs lasted for three weeks.

卵のインキュベーションは三週間続きました。

B1 noun, verb /ˈkrɛdɪt/

credit

Meaning

As a noun: the ability to obtain goods or services before payment; recognition for an achievement. As a verb: to publicly acknowledge someone's contribution.

Example

She received credit for her contribution to the project.

A2 noun /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/

Exchange

交換

Meaning

an act of giving one thing and receiving another in return

Example

The exchange of gifts is a common tradition during the holidays.

贈り物の交換は休日に一般的な伝統です。

B1 noun /ˈneɪvi/

Navy

海軍

Meaning

the branch of armed forces that conducts military operations at sea

Example

He joined the navy after graduating from college.

彼は大学を卒業した後、海軍に入隊した。

C1 noun /ˈʌp.rɔːr/

Uproar

騒動; 騒ぎ; 騒音

Meaning

a loud and emotional noise or disturbance; public outcry

Example

The announcement caused an uproar among the students.

その発表は学生たちの間で騒動を引き起こしました。

A2 noun /lɔː/

Law

法律

Meaning

a rule or system of rules recognized by a country or community as regulating the actions of its members

Example

Everyone must obey the law.

すべての人は法律を守らなければなりません。

C2 noun /ˈbɑːr.nɪ.kəl/

Barnacle

フジツボ

Meaning

a marine crustacean that attaches itself permanently to underwater surfaces

Example

The old ship's hull was covered with barnacles.

古い船の船体にはフジツボがびっしりと付いていた。

C2 noun /əˈnæb.ə.lɪ.zəm/

anabolism

アナボリズム

Meaning

The set of metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units, involving tissue repair and growth.

Example

Anabolism is essential for muscle growth and tissue repair.

アナボリズムは筋肉の成長と組織の修復に不可欠です。

C2 noun /ˌdɛkləˈmeɪʃən/

declamation

朗読

Meaning

a formal speech delivered with rhetorical or dramatic effect

Example

Her declamation captivated the audience at the competition.

彼女の朗読は競技会で観客を魅了しました。

C2 adjective /ˈdɒdərɪŋ/

doddering

震えている / 弱い

Meaning

Weak, shaky, or unsteady, especially due to old age.

Example

The doddering professor struggled to climb the stairs.

ドダリング教授は階段を登るのに苦労していました。

C1 verb /ˈmɑːrʃəl/

marshal

整理する

Meaning

To arrange or organize people, events, or resources in an orderly way.

Example

The teacher marshaled the students for the field trip.

教師は遠足のために生徒を整列させました。

C1 noun /ˈlʌstər/

luster

光沢

Meaning

a gentle sheen or soft glow, especially from a polished surface

Example

The diamond had a brilliant luster.

ダイヤモンドは輝く光沢を持っていた。

C1 noun /ɪˈpɪt.ə.mi/

epitome

特定の品質やタイプの完璧な例; 何かの最良の表現

Meaning

A perfect example of a particular quality or type; the best representation of something.

Example

She is the epitome of grace and kindness.

彼女は優雅さと親切さの典型です。

B2 noun /ˈskændəl/

scandal

スキャンダル

Meaning

an event or action that causes public outrage or damage to one's reputation

Example

The politician's affair became a public scandal.

その政治家の不倫は公然のスキャンダルとなった。

B2 noun /ˈkɒntræktər/

contractor

請負業者

Meaning

a person or company that agrees to provide materials or labor to perform a service or do a job

Example

The contractor completed the building project on time.

請負業者は建設プロジェクトを期限内に完了しました。

C1 noun /pləˈsiːboʊ/

placebo

プラセボ

Meaning

a substance with no therapeutic effect, used as a control in testing new drugs

Example

The patient was given a placebo to compare the effect of the real drug.

患者は実際の薬の効果と比較するためにプラセボを与えられました。

C2 adverb, adjective /ˈɡrætɪs/ or /ˈɡreɪtɪs/

gratis

無料

Meaning

Without charge; free of cost.

Example

The drinks at the event were provided gratis.

イベントで提供された飲み物は無料でした。

B2 noun /kəˈmændər/

Commander

司令官

Meaning

a person in authority over a military unit; leader of armed forces

Example

The commander ordered his troops to advance.

司令官は部隊に前進するよう命じました。

C2 noun /ˈlɪθəˌtaɪp/

lithotype

リトタイプ (印刷面)

Meaning

a printing surface or type made for lithography

Example

The printer used a lithotype to produce multiple copies of the design.

プリンターはデザインの複数のコピーを作成するためにリトタイプを使用しました。

C2 noun /ˈmɛtrəˌnoʊm/

metronome

メトロノーム

Meaning

A device that produces regular ticks or beats to help musicians maintain tempo.

Example

She practiced the piano with a metronome to keep steady timing.

彼女は安定したタイミングを保つためにメトロノームを使ってピアノを練習していた。