B2 verb /pəˈreɪd/

parade

パレードする, 公開する

Meaning

to march in a procession; to display publicly; to show off

Example

The soldiers paraded through the streets on Independence Day.

独立記念日に兵士たちが通りでパレードした。

C1 noun /ˈpɛnənt/

pennant

ペナント旗

Meaning

A tapering flag used for signaling or as an emblem of victory or achievement.

Example

The team raised the championship pennant proudly.

チームは誇らしげにチャンピオンシップペナント旗を掲げました。

C2 noun /ˈpɛrɪstaɪl/

peristyle

柱で囲まれた回廊

Meaning

A continuous porch formed by a row of columns surrounding the perimeter of a building or courtyard.

Example

The Roman villa featured a beautiful peristyle garden.

ローマの別荘には美しいペリスタイル庭園がありました。

C2 adjective /pəˈlɛmɪkəl/

polemical

論争的

Meaning

relating to or involving strongly critical or controversial writing or speech

Example

She wrote a polemical article challenging traditional beliefs.

彼女は伝統的な信念に挑戦する論争的な記事を書いた。

C2 noun /ˈpɑːrsɪmoʊni/

parsimony

けち

Meaning

extreme unwillingness to spend money or use resources

Example

His parsimony was evident in the way he avoided any unnecessary expenses.

彼のけちは、どんな無駄な出費も避ける様子に表れていた。

C2 noun /ˈpɜːrsɪflɑːʒ/

persiflage

軽い皮肉

Meaning

light and slightly contemptuous mockery or banter

Example

Their conversation was full of persiflage and jokes.

彼らの会話は軽い皮肉とジョークでいっぱいだった。

C1 adjective /priːˈɛmɪnənt/

preeminent

卓越した

Meaning

Surpassing all others; very distinguished in some way.

Example

She is a preeminent scientist in the field of genetics.

彼女は遺伝学の分野で卓越した科学者です。

B1 noun /pəˈpaɪə/

Papaya

パパイヤ

Meaning

a large orange tropical fruit with sweet orange flesh and black seeds

Example

Papaya is rich in vitamins and very good for health.

パパイヤはビタミンが豊富で、健康に非常に良いです。

B2 adjective /ˈpraɪ.ər/

Prior

事前の

Meaning

existing or coming before in time; previous; earlier

Example

You need prior approval before making any changes to the system.

システムに変更を加える前には、事前の承認が必要です。

C1 verb /ˈprɪkəl/

prickle

Meaning

to cause a slight stinging or tingling sensation on the skin

Example

Her skin began to prickle in the cold wind.

B1 noun /pərˈsɛntɪdʒ/

percentage

パーセント

Meaning

a proportion or share in relation to a whole

Example

The percentage of students who passed the exam was high.

試験に合格した学生のパーセントは高かった。

C2 verb /prɪˈværɪkeɪt/

prevaricate

Meaning

to avoid telling the truth by not giving a direct answer

Example

The politician began to prevaricate when asked about the scandal.

B2 noun /pænt/

Pant

パンツ

Meaning

a piece of clothing worn on the lower body covering each leg separately

Example

She bought a new pair of pants for the party.

彼女はパーティーのために新しいパンツを買った。

A2 verb /prəˈvaɪd/

provide

提供する

Meaning

to give or supply something that is needed or wanted

Example

The teacher will provide extra materials for the students.

教師は学生に追加の資料を提供するでしょう。

C2 adjective /njuːˈmætɪk/

pneumatic

空気圧の

Meaning

operated by air or gas under pressure

Example

The factory uses pneumatic tools for assembly.

工場は組み立てのために空気圧工具を使用しています。

C1 adjective /ˈpiːvɪʃ/

peevish

気難しい

Meaning

Easily irritated, especially by unimportant things.

Example

The child grew peevish when denied candy.

子供はキャンディをもらえなかったので、怒りっぽくなりました。

A2 noun /ˈplænɪt/

Planet

惑星

Meaning

a celestial body moving in an elliptical orbit around a star

Example

Mars is the fourth planet from the sun.

火星は太陽から数えて太陽系の4番目の惑星です。

B2 noun /prəˈtɛktər/

protector

保護者

Meaning

a person or thing that protects someone or something

Example

The dog was seen as the family's protector.

その犬は家族の保護者と見なされていました。

B2 noun /pəˈsjuːt/

pursuit

追求, 探求

Meaning

the act of chasing or trying to achieve something

Example

He dedicated his life to the pursuit of happiness.

彼は幸福を追い求めることに人生を捧げた。

A1 noun /pəˈteɪ.toʊ/

Potato

ジャガイモ

Meaning

a round white vegetable with a brown or red skin that grows underground

Example

She boiled potatoes for dinner.

彼女は夕食にジャガイモを茹でました。

B2 noun /ˈpetəl/

Petal

花弁

Meaning

One of the colored segments of a flower that forms the corolla

Example

Each petal of the daisy was white with a yellow center.

デイジーの各花弁は白で、中央は黄色でした。

A1 noun /ˈfəʊtəʊ/

photo

写真

Meaning

a picture or image captured by a camera

Example

I took a photo of the sunset.

私は夕日の写真を撮った。

C1 adjective /pəˈrɪʒən/

parisian

パリに関連する

Meaning

relating to Paris or its people

Example

She wore a Parisian style dress at the party.

彼女はパリジャンスタイルのドレスをパーティーで着ていた。

B2 verb /ˈpɛrɪʃ/

perish

死ぬ

Meaning

To die, especially in a sudden or violent way.

Example

Many soldiers perished in the war.

多くの兵士は戦争で死んだ。

C2 noun /ˌperəˈreɪʃən/

peroration

結びの演説

Meaning

The concluding part of a speech, often intended to inspire or persuade.

Example

The politician's peroration left the audience applauding enthusiastically.

政治家のペロレーションは、観客を熱狂的に拍手させました。

A2 noun /paɪ/

Pie

パイ

Meaning

a baked dish of fruit, meat, or vegetables, typically with a top and base of pastry

Example

My grandmother makes the best apple pie in town.

私の祖母は町で一番おいしいアップルパイを作ります。

B2 noun /prɪˈskrɪpʃən/

prescription

処方箋

Meaning

A written order from a doctor for the preparation and administration of a medicine; also, a recommendation or authoritative rule.

Example

The doctor gave her a prescription for antibiotics.

医者は彼女に抗生物質の処方箋を出しました。

C1 noun ˌpɒlɪˈneɪʃən

Pollination

受粉

Meaning

The process by which pollen is transferred from flowers, enabling plant reproduction.

Example

Butterflies play a vital role in pollination.

蝶々は受粉において重要な役割を果たしています。

C2 verb /pərˈlɔɪn/

purloin

盗む

Meaning

to steal something, often in a sneaky or dishonest way

Example

He tried to purloin a book from the library without being noticed.

彼は図書館から本を盗もうとしたが、気づかれなかった。

B1 noun /ˈpaɪn.æp.əl/

Pine Apple

パイナップル

Meaning

a large tropical fruit with a tough skin and sweet yellow flesh

Example

The pineapple has a crown of spiky leaves on top.

パイナップルの上には尖った葉の冠があります。

C2 adjective ˌpɜː.spɪˈkeɪ.ʃəs

perspicacious

鋭い洞察力を持つ

Meaning

Having keen insight and understanding; showing acute mental discernment.

Example

The detective's perspicacious nature helped solve the mystery.

探偵の鋭い性格が謎を解くのに役立ちました。

C2 adjective, noun /pləˈbiːən/

plebeian

一般の人

Meaning

common, ordinary, or belonging to the lower social classes

Example

The festival was enjoyed by both plebeian and noble citizens.

祭りは、平民と貴族市民の両方に楽しませられました。

C1 noun /ˈpɛnɪtəns/

penitence

懺悔

Meaning

The action or feeling of showing sorrow and regret for having done wrong.

Example

His eyes were full of penitence after realizing his mistake.

自分の間違いに気づいた後、彼の目は懺悔に満ちていた。

C2 adverb /ˈprɒksɪmətli/

proximately

近く

Meaning

In a near or close manner; nearly.

Example

The village lies proximately to the river.

村は川の近くにあります。

C1 noun /ˈpluː.mɪdʒ/

plumage

羽毛

Meaning

the feathers covering a bird's body

Example

The peacock's plumage was vibrant and eye-catching.

クジャクの羽毛は鮮やかで目を引いた。

B2 adjective /prəˈfɪʃ.ənt/

proficient

熟練した

Meaning

Competent or skilled in doing or using something; having great knowledge or experience.

Example

She is highly proficient in multiple languages.

彼女は多言語に非常に熟練しています。

C1 noun /ˈpærəˌlɛlɪzəm/

parallelism

平行主義

Meaning

The state of being parallel or similar; in literature, the use of components in a sentence that are grammatically the same or similar in construction.

Example

The writer used parallelism to give rhythm to his prose.

作家は自分の文章にリズムを与えるために平行主義を使用しました。

A1 noun /ˈpiːtsə/

pizza

ピザ

Meaning

a flat round bread baked with toppings such as cheese, tomato, and other ingredients

Example

We ordered a large pepperoni pizza for dinner.

私たちは夕食に大きなペパロニピザを注文しました。

C2 noun /ˈpɪnjən/

pinion

小さな歯車や鳥の翼の外側部分; 制限する、または動けなくする

Meaning

a small gear or the outer part of a bird's wing; to restrain or immobilize

Example

The bird's pinion was injured, preventing it from flying.

鳥の翼が怪我をして飛べなかった。

B1 noun /ˈpʌb.lɪ.ʃər/

Publisher

出版社

Meaning

a person or company that produces and distributes books, magazines, or newspapers

Example

The publisher decided to print 10,000 copies of the new novel.

出版社は新しい小説の10,000部を印刷することに決めました。

A1 adjective /pʊr/

Poor

貧しい; 質の悪い

Meaning

having little money; lacking resources; of low quality

Example

The poor family struggled to make ends meet.

貧しい家族は生活費を稼ぐために戦っていました。

C1 noun ˈprəʊses stəˈbɪlɪti

process stability

プロセスの安定性

Meaning

The consistency and steadiness of biological or functional processes

Example

Cold air ensures process stability in plants.

冷たい空気は植物のプロセスの安定性を確保します。

B2 adverb /pɪˈkju:.li.ə.li/

Peculiarly

奇妙に; 異常に

Meaning

in a strange or unusual way; in a manner that is distinctive or characteristic

Example

She dressed peculiarly for the formal dinner, wearing bright colors and unusual patterns.

彼女はフォーマルディナーのために、明るい色と珍しい柄の服を着て、特異な方法でドレスアップしました。

C1 verb /ˈplʌm.ɪt/

plummet

速い速度で真っ直ぐに落ちる

Meaning

to fall straight down at high speed

Example

Stock prices plummeted after the sudden market crash.

株価は市場の突然の暴落後に急落しました。

C2 noun /ˈprɒvəndər/

provender

家畜用の餌

Meaning

food or provisions, especially for livestock

Example

The barn was filled with provender for the cattle.

納屋は家畜用の餌でいっぱいだった。

C1 adjective /pəˈrɪfərəl/

peripheral

周辺的

Meaning

Relating to or situated on the edge or outer parts of something.

Example

The town is located on the peripheral area of the city.

町は都市の周辺エリアに位置しています。

B2 adjective /ˈprɛsɪŋ/

pressing

緊急

Meaning

Requiring immediate attention or urgent action.

Example

The manager had to deal with several pressing issues at once.

マネージャーは同時にいくつかの緊急の問題に対処しなければならなかった。

C2 adjective /pərˈfɪdiəs/

perfidious

裏切りの

Meaning

deceitful and untrustworthy

Example

The spy was executed for his perfidious actions.

スパイは裏切りの行動で処刑されました。

C1 adjective /proʊˈzeɪ.ɪk/

prosaic

平凡な

Meaning

ordinary, dull, or lacking imagination

Example

The teacher’s explanation was accurate but rather prosaic.

先生の説明は正確でしたが、かなり平凡でした。

A2 noun /pæn/

Pan

フライパン

Meaning

a wide, flat-bottomed cooking utensil used for frying, searing, and browning foods

Example

Heat the oil in a large pan before adding the vegetables.

油を大きなフライパンで熱してから、野菜を加えます。

C1 noun /ˈpriːˌæmbəl/

preamble

前文

Meaning

a preliminary statement, especially the introduction to a formal document

Example

The preamble of the constitution outlines its guiding principles.

憲法の前文はその基本的な原則を説明しています。

B2 adjective /ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkəl/

psychological

心理学的

Meaning

relating to the mind or mental processes.

Example

She studied the psychological effects of trauma on children.

彼女は子供たちへのトラウマの心理学的影響を研究した。

C2 verb /poʊˈtɛnʃiˌeɪt/

potentiate

強化する

Meaning

To increase the power, effect, or likelihood of something.

Example

Caffeine can potentiate the effects of some medicines.

カフェインは一部の薬の効果を高めることができます。

C1 verb /ˈpeɪtrənaɪz/

patronize

恩着せがましくする

Meaning

to treat someone in a condescending way; to be a regular customer of a business

Example

Don't patronize me with your fake sympathy.

偽りの同情で恩着せがましくしないで。

A2 adjective /praʊd/

Proud

誇り

Meaning

feeling deep pleasure from one's achievements; having high self-respect

Example

She was proud of her daughter's academic achievements.

彼女は娘の学業成就に誇りを持っていました。

B1 noun /ˈpɪ.ti/

Pity

憐れみ; 同情;

Meaning

a feeling of sadness or sympathy for someone's misfortune; something that causes regret or disappointment

Example

I felt pity for the homeless man in the rain.

私は雨の中でホームレスの男性に対して憐れみを感じました。

C2 adjective /pɪˈdʒɒrətɪv/

pejorative

侮蔑的

Meaning

Expressing contempt or disapproval.

Example

He used pejorative terms to insult his opponents.

彼は相手を侮蔑するために侮蔑的な言葉を使った。

B2 verb /ˈprɒsɪkjuːt/

prosecute

起訴する

Meaning

to institute legal proceedings against someone

Example

The lawyer decided to prosecute the case after gathering sufficient evidence.

弁護士は十分な証拠を集めた後、訴訟を起こすことを決めました。

B2 noun /præŋk/

prank

いたずら

Meaning

A trick that is intended to be funny but not harmful.

Example

They played a harmless prank on their friend during the party.

彼らはパーティーで友達と無害ないたずらをしました。

C1 noun prəˈpʌl.ʃən

propulsion

推進力

Meaning

The action of driving or pushing forward.

Example

Jet engines provide propulsion for aircraft to travel long distances.

ジェットエンジンは航空機に長距離を移動させるための推進力を提供します。

B2 adjective /ˈplen.tɪ.fəl/

Plentiful

豊富な; 大量の

Meaning

abundant; existing in large quantity

Example

The harvest was plentiful this year due to good weather.

今年は良い天気のおかげで収穫が豊富でした。

A2 noun,verb /pleɪn/

plane

平面; 飛行機; 平らにする

Meaning

a flat surface; an aircraft; to make smooth

Example

The carpenter used a tool to plane the wood.

大工は木を平らにするための道具を使いました。

C1 verb /ˈpæs.ɪ.faɪ/

pacify

鎮める

Meaning

To quell the anger, agitation, or excitement of someone.

Example

The mother tried to pacify her crying child.

母親は泣いている子を落ち着かせようとした。

C1 noun /ˌpɑːrʃiˈæləti/

partiality

偏見

Meaning

an unfair preference or bias toward one side or person

Example

The judge was criticized for showing partiality in the case.

裁判官は事件で偏見を示したとして批判されました。

B2 noun ˈpeɪtriəˌtɪzəm

patriotism

愛国心

Meaning

The quality of being patriotic; devotion to and vigorous support for one's country.

Example

Victory Day reflects the patriotism of the entire nation.

勝利の日は国全体の愛国心を反映しています。

B2 verb /pɔːˈtreɪ/

portray

描く

Meaning

to describe or represent something or someone in a work of art or literature

Example

The novel portrays a vivid picture of life in the countryside.

その小説は田舎での生活の生き生きとした絵を描いています。

A2 noun /ˈpɑːsˌpɔːrt/

passport

パスポート

Meaning

an official government document that identifies a person and allows them to travel internationally

Example

She renewed her passport before traveling abroad.

彼女は海外旅行の前にパスポートを更新した。

C1 noun /pəˈsweɪsɪvnes/

persuasiveness

説得力

Meaning

The quality of being good at persuading someone to do or believe something.

Example

Her persuasiveness convinced the team to follow her suggestions.

彼女の説得力は、チームに彼女の提案に従わせました。

C2 adjective /ˌpɛntəˈveɪlənt/

pentavalent

五価

Meaning

Having a valence of five, especially in chemistry.

Example

Phosphorus can exist in a pentavalent state.

リンは五価の状態で存在することができます。

C2 noun /ˈplɛdʒiː/

pledgee

担保として何かを譲渡された人物

Meaning

a person to whom something is pledged or given as security

Example

The bank is the pledgee of the collateral until the loan is repaid.

銀行はローンが返済されるまで担保の債権者です。

C1 verb /ˌpriːdɪˈtɜːrmɪn/

predetermine

予め決定する

Meaning

to establish or decide something in advance

Example

The outcome of the match seemed predetermined.

試合の結果は予め決められていたようだった。

C2 adjective /ˈpɛnɪtrəbl/

penetrable

通過可能な

Meaning

Capable of being passed through or entered.

Example

The thin wall was easily penetrable.

薄い壁は簡単に通過可能でした。

B2 adjective /prəˈnaʊnst/

pronounced

顕著な

Meaning

very noticeable or strongly marked

Example

There is a pronounced difference between the two styles.

二つのスタイルの間には顕著な違いがあります。

C1 noun /ˈpɜːrpɪtreɪtər/

perpetrator

犯人

Meaning

a person who commits a harmful, illegal, or immoral act

Example

The police arrested the perpetrator of the crime.

警察は犯罪者を逮捕した。

C1 adjective /prəˈfeɪn/

profane

不敬な、冒涜的な

Meaning

showing disrespect or contempt for sacred things; irreverent or vulgar

Example

His jokes were considered too profane for the ceremony.

彼のジョークは式典にはあまりにも不敬だと見なされました。

A2 adverb /ˈpɒs.ə.bli/

Possibly

おそらく; もしかしたら;

Meaning

perhaps; maybe; it may be the case that

Example

It will possibly rain tomorrow.

明日おそらく雨が降るかもしれません。

A1 noun /fəʊn/

phone

電話

Meaning

a device for communication, typically used to make calls or send messages

Example

I need to charge my phone.

私は電話を充電する必要があります。

C1 adjective /pərˈmɪsəbl̩/

permissible

許可された

Meaning

allowed or permitted by rules or law

Example

It is permissible to park here after 6 p.m.

午後6時以降、ここに駐車することは許可されています。

B2 noun /saɪˈkɒlədʒi/

psychology

心理学

Meaning

the scientific study of the mind and behavior

Example

Psychology helps us understand how people think and act.

心理学は人々がどのように考え、行動するかを理解するのに役立ちます。

C2 adjective /ˈpɛneɪt/

pennate

羽のような

Meaning

Having parts or structures arranged like a feather; feather-shaped.

Example

The fern has a pennate leaf structure.

シダ植物の葉の構造は羽のような形状です。

B2 noun /ˈprɪv.ə.lɪdʒ/

Privilege

特権

Meaning

a special right or advantage that only one person or group has

Example

It's a privilege to work with such talented people.

才能ある人々と一緒に働けることは特権です。

A2 verb,noun /pæk/

pack

Meaning

to put things into a container for storage or transport; a collection of items kept together

Example

She packed her clothes into a suitcase for the trip.

C2 noun /ˈpɛdənt/

pedant

細かいことにこだわる人

Meaning

A person who is excessively concerned with minor details or rules, often in a showy way.

Example

The professor was criticized as a pedant who focused too much on trivial details.

その教授は細かいことにこだわりすぎるペダントとして批判された。

B2 noun pəˈspek.tɪvz

perspectives

視点

Meaning

A particular attitude toward or way of regarding something; a point of view.

Example

New perspectives enhance understanding.

新しい視点が理解を深めます。

B2 noun /ˈpɒlən/

pollen

花粉

Meaning

fine powder produced by flowers, used in fertilization

Example

Bees collect pollen from flowers to make honey.

ミツバチは花から花粉を集めて蜂蜜を作ります。

C2 verb /ˌpriːɪɡˈzɪst/

preexist

前もって存在する

Meaning

to exist beforehand or before something else

Example

These customs preexist the arrival of modern technology.

これらの習慣は、現代技術の到来前に存在していました。

C1 adjective /ˈpeɪtrənaɪzɪŋ/

patronizing

見下す

Meaning

showing kindness that is perceived as condescending or superior

Example

His patronizing tone offended the audience.

彼の見下すような口調は観客を不快にさせた。

C2 noun /ˌfoʊ.nəˈlɑː.dʒi/

phonology

音韻論

Meaning

the study of the sound system of a language

Example

She is studying phonology to understand how sounds function in English.

彼女は英語で音がどのように機能するかを理解するために音韻論を勉強しています。

A2 noun /pəˈliːsmən/

policeman

警察官

Meaning

a man whose job is to enforce the law and keep public order

Example

The policeman directed the traffic at the intersection.

警察官は交差点で交通を指導しました。

A2 adjective /ˈpriː.vi.əs/

prurient

淫ら

Meaning

having or showing an excessive interest in sexual matters

Example

The magazine was criticized for its prurient content.

その雑誌は淫らな内容で批判されました。

B2 noun /ˈpɒp.i/

Poppy

ケシの花

Meaning

a bright red flower with black seeds, often used as a symbol of remembrance

Example

The red poppy bloomed beautifully in the garden.

赤いケシの花が庭で美しく咲きました。

B1 noun /priːst/

priest

神父

Meaning

a person who performs religious duties and ceremonies

Example

The priest blessed the congregation during the Sunday service.

神父は日曜日の礼拝中に会衆に祝福を与えました。

C2 adjective /pɒnˈtɪfɪkəl/

pontifical

教皇または司教に関連する; 傲慢または高慢な

Meaning

relating to a pope or bishop; pompous or self-important

Example

His pontifical manner annoyed the other members of the committee.

彼の高慢な態度は委員会の他のメンバーを困らせた。

A2 verb /pruːv/

prove

証明する

Meaning

to show that something is true; to demonstrate

Example

The evidence will prove his innocence.

証拠は彼の無実を証明するだろう。

B2 verb (phrasal) /ˈpæs ˌɔːf/

pass-off

Meaning

to present something or someone falsely as something else; to pretend or deceive

Example

He tried to pass off the fake watch as a luxury brand.

C2 verb /prɪmp/

primp

幸せ

Meaning

To spend time making minor adjustments to one's appearance.

Example

She primped in front of the mirror before the party.

彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、自分の幸せを隠すことができませんでした。

B1 noun /ˈfɪzɪks/

physics

物理学

Meaning

the natural science that studies matter, energy, and the interactions between them

Example

She decided to major in physics at the university.

彼女は大学で物理学を専攻することに決めました。

C1 adjective /ˈpaɪ.əs/

Pious

敬虔な

Meaning

devoutly religious; showing reverence for God

Example

The pious monk spent hours in prayer every day.

敬虔な修道士は毎日何時間も祈りに捧げた。

C2 adjective /pjuːˈtrɛsənt/

putrescent

腐敗した

Meaning

undergoing the process of decay; rotting

Example

The putrescent odor made everyone leave the room.

腐敗した臭いでみんな部屋を出て行った。

C1 noun /ˌpɜːrspəˈreɪʃn/

perspiration

発汗

Meaning

The process of sweating.

Example

Heavy exercise causes perspiration.

激しい運動は発汗を引き起こします。

C2 noun /pruːd/

prude

過度に慎み深い人

Meaning

A person who is easily shocked by matters relating to sex or nudity; someone overly modest.

Example

He was called a prude for blushing at the movie scenes.

映画のシーンで顔を赤らめたため、彼はプルードと呼ばれました。

C2 noun /ˈprɒsɪlaɪt/

proselyte

改宗者

Meaning

A person who has converted from one belief, opinion, or religion to another.

Example

She became a proselyte after converting to a new faith.

彼女は新しい信仰に改宗した後、改宗者になった。

B2 verb /prəˈvoʊk/

provoke

挑発する

Meaning

To cause someone to become angry or to cause a reaction.

Example

His words provoked a heated argument.

彼の言葉は激しい議論を引き起こした。

C1 adjective /ˈplaɪəbəl/

pliable

柔軟な

Meaning

easily bent or flexible; adaptable

Example

The metal is pliable enough to be shaped into jewelry.

その金属は十分に柔軟で、ジュエリーに成形することができます。

C1 adjective /pəˈmɪs.ɪv/

permissive

寛容な

Meaning

Allowing or characterized by great or excessive freedom of behavior; very lenient or indulgent.

Example

Permissive parenting can sometimes lead to a lack of discipline in children.

許容的な子育ては、時には子どもの規律の欠如を引き起こすことがあります。

B1 noun /ˈpɑr.səl/

Parcel

小包; 土地の一区画

Meaning

an object or collection of objects wrapped in paper for carrying or sending by mail; a piece of land

Example

The postman delivered a parcel to our door.

郵便配達員が私たちのドアに小包を届けました。

C2 noun /ˈproʊtoʊˌplæzəm/

protoplasm

プロトプラズム

Meaning

The living substance inside a cell, including the cytoplasm and nucleus.

Example

Scientists observed the movement of protoplasm under the microscope.

科学者たちは顕微鏡でプロトプラズムの動きを観察しました。

C1 adjective /prəˈvoʊkɪŋ/

Provoking

挑発的

Meaning

causing anger or strong reaction; irritating; stimulating

Example

His provoking comments made everyone angry.

彼の挑発的なコメントは皆を怒らせた。

C1 noun /poʊˈlær.ɪ.ti/

polarity

極性

Meaning

the state of having two opposite or contradictory tendencies, opinions, or aspects

Example

The polarity between the two political parties is growing stronger.

二つの政治党派の間の極性は強くなりつつあります。

C1 noun /ˈpruːdəns/

prudence

慎重

Meaning

The quality of being cautious, wise, and exercising good judgment.

Example

She invested her money with great prudence.

彼女は非常に慎重にお金を投資した。

C1 noun /prəˈpɛlər/

propeller

プロペラ

Meaning

A mechanical device with blades that rotates to drive a ship, aircraft, or other vehicle forward.

Example

The airplane’s propeller cut through the air with great speed.

飛行機のプロペラは大きな速さで空気を切った。

B2 noun /ˌpʌɪ.əˈnɪr/

Pioneer

新しい領域を探索または定住する最初の人；新しいアイデアや方法を開発する人

Meaning

a person who is among the first to explore or settle a new area; someone who develops new ideas or methods

Example

She was a pioneer in the field of computer science.

彼女はコンピュータサイエンスの分野で先駆者でした。

B1 noun /per/

Pear

梨

Meaning

a sweet juicy fruit with a rounded shape that is wider at the bottom than the top

Example

She enjoyed a fresh pear from the orchard.

彼女は果樹園から新鮮な梨を楽しみました。

B2 noun /ˈpesɪˌmɪzəm/

pessimism

ペシミズム

Meaning

A tendency to see the worst aspect of things or believe the worst will happen.

Example

Her constant pessimism made it hard to stay optimistic.

彼女の絶え間ないペシミズムは、楽観的でいるのを難しくしていた。

B1 noun /ˈproʊtiːn/

protein

Meaning

a molecule composed of amino acids essential for bodily functions

Example

Proteins are essential for building and repairing tissues in the body.

A1 noun /ˈpɑːti/

party

パーティー

Meaning

a social gathering of people, typically for entertainment

Example

We had a great time at the birthday party.

私たちは誕生日パーティーで素晴らしい時間を過ごしました。

A2 noun /ˈpeɪmənt/

payment

支払い

Meaning

the action or process of paying money for something

Example

The payment for the order was received yesterday.

注文の支払いは昨日受け取られました。

B2 noun /ˌproʊɪˈbɪʃən/

prohibition

禁止

Meaning

The act of forbidding something by law or authority.

Example

The government announced the prohibition of smoking in public places.

政府は公共の場での喫煙禁止を発表した。

B1 verb /pɑːrtɪsɪˈpeɪtɪŋ/

participating

参加する

Meaning

Taking part in an activity or event.

Example

He is participating in the Antarctic expedition.

彼は南極遠征に参加しています。

C2 noun /prəˈfjuːʒən/

profusion

豊富

Meaning

an abundance or large quantity of something

Example

Spring brought a profusion of wildflowers to the valley.

春は谷に野生の花の豊富さをもたらした。