C1 verb bɪˈkwiːð

bequeath

遺贈する

Meaning

Leave something to someone in a will; pass down or hand down to the next generation.

Example

The scientist bequeathed his research papers to the university.

科学者は彼の研究論文を大学に遺贈した。

C1 verb /rɪˈtɑːrd/

retard

遅らせる / 減速する

Meaning

to delay or slow down the progress of something

Example

Lack of funds may retard the development of the project.

資金不足はプロジェクトの進展を遅らせる可能性があります。

C1 adjective /ˌɪnækˈsɛsəbl/

inaccessible

アクセスできない

Meaning

unable to be reached, entered, or understood

Example

The remote village is almost inaccessible during the rainy season.

その遠隔地の村は雨季にはほとんどアクセスできません。

C1 verb /ˌkaʊntərˈbæləns/

counterbalance

相殺する

Meaning

to offset or balance the effect of something

Example

Exercise can counterbalance the negative effects of stress.

運動はストレスの悪影響を相殺できます。

C1 verb /dɪˈzɪst/

desist

Meaning

to stop doing something, especially an action considered wrong or undesirable

Example

The judge ordered the company to desist from unfair practices.

C1 noun /kɑːrˈtɒɡrəfi/

cartography

地図学

Meaning

The science or practice of drawing maps.

Example

She studied cartography at university to learn how to design maps.

彼女は大学で地図学を学び、地図のデザインを学びました。

C1 adjective /ɪnˈæk.tɪv/

Inactive

非アクティブ

Meaning

not active; not working; dormant; idle

Example

The volcano has been inactive for over a century.

この火山は1世紀以上も活動していない。

C1 noun /ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtər/

demonstrator

デモンストレーター, 抗議者

Meaning

a person who shows how something works or takes part in a public protest

Example

The demonstrators marched peacefully through the city streets.

デモ参加者は平和的に街の通りを行進しました。

C1 noun /ˈkroʊniˌɪzəm/

cronyism

縁故主義

Meaning

The practice of favoring friends or associates, especially in political appointments or business deals.

Example

The company was accused of cronyism in hiring practices.

その企業は採用活動における親族主義で非難されました。

C1 verb /ɪɡˈzɒnəreɪt/

exonerate

免責

Meaning

To clear someone from blame or accusation.

Example

The court exonerated her from all charges.

裁判所は彼女をすべての告発から免除しました。

C1 noun /ˈpraɪ.mər/ (US), /ˈprɪm.ər/ (UK)

primer

入門書, 下塗り

Meaning

A basic introductory book or a substance used to prepare a surface for painting.

Example

He read a primer on programming before starting his course.

彼はコースを始める前にプログラミングの入門書を読みました。

C1 adjective /ˈpen.ɪ.ləs/

Penniless

無一文; 極貧; 完全に金がない

Meaning

having no money; extremely poor; completely without funds

Example

After losing his job, he became penniless.

仕事を失った後、彼は無一文になった。

C1 noun /ˈsɪstərn/

cistern

貯水槽

Meaning

A tank or container for storing water, usually for household use.

Example

The old house still had a cistern to collect rainwater.

古い家にはまだ雨水を集めるための貯水槽がありました。

C1 adjective /ˌnjʊə.rəˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/

neurological

神経学的

Meaning

Relating to the anatomy, functions, and organic disorders of nerves and the nervous system.

Example

Meditation has positive neurological effects on mental health.

瞑想は精神的健康に対して積極的な神経学的影響を与えます。

C1 adjective /ɪmˈfæt.ɪk/

Emphatic

強調された; 強い; 力強く表現された

Meaning

forceful; strong; showing emphasis; expressed with force and conviction

Example

She gave an emphatic 'no' to the proposal.

彼女は提案に対して強調された'ノー'を言いました。

C1 noun /rɪˈkɜr.əns/

Recurrence

再発

Meaning

the fact of something happening again; an instance of something happening again

Example

The doctor was concerned about the recurrence of the patient's symptoms.

医師は患者の症状の再発について懸念していました。

C1 noun /əˈfen.dər/

Offender

犯罪者; 法律違反者

Meaning

a person who commits an illegal act; someone who breaks the law

Example

The young offender was sentenced to community service.

その若い犯罪者はコミュニティサービスを命じられました。

C1 adjective /ˈrez.ə.luːt/

Resolute

決意の; 断固たる; 揺るがない

Meaning

determined; having a firm decision; unwavering

Example

She remained resolute in her decision to pursue her dreams.

彼女は夢を追い求める決意を固く持ち続けました。

C1 noun, adjective /ˈsɒlvənt/

solvent

溶剤, 債務を支払う能力

Meaning

a liquid that dissolves other substances; also means able to pay debts

Example

Acetone is a common solvent used in laboratories.

アセトンは実験室でよく使われる溶剤です。

C1 noun /ˈfɔːrmən/

foreman

労働者のグループを担当する人、特に工場や建設現場で

Meaning

a person in charge of a group of workers, especially in a factory or construction site

Example

The foreman supervised the workers on the construction site.

フォアマンは建設現場で作業員を監督しました。

C1 noun /ˈmeɪhɛm/

mayhem

混乱

Meaning

Violent or extreme disorder; chaos and destruction.

Example

The protest turned into mayhem when the crowd clashed with the police.

抗議活動は群衆が警察と衝突したときに混乱に変わった。

C1 noun /kwoʊ/

quo

現状

Meaning

The existing state of affairs or situation, often used in the phrase 'status quo'.

Example

He wanted to maintain the status quo at work.

彼は職場で現状を維持したかった。

C1 verb /kənˈdəʊn/

condone

容認する

Meaning

To accept or allow behavior that is morally wrong or offensive.

Example

The manager refused to condone harassment in the workplace.

マネージャーは職場での嫌がらせを容認することを拒否しました。

C1 adjective /ɔːlˈmaɪ.ti/

Almighty

全能

Meaning

having unlimited power; omnipotent

Example

The almighty storm destroyed everything in its path.

その全能な嵐はその進路上のすべてを破壊しました。

C1 noun /ɪnˈfɜː.mə.ti/

Infirmity

虚弱; 病気; 衰弱

Meaning

physical or mental weakness; a disease or ailment; frailty

Example

Despite his advanced age and various infirmities, he remained mentally sharp and alert.

高齢で多くの病気を抱えていても、彼は精神的に鋭く、警戒心を持ち続けました。

C1 verb /ˈpɪlfər/

pilfer

盗む

Meaning

to steal things of small value or in small quantities

Example

The employee was caught pilfering office supplies.

従業員はオフィスの備品を盗んでいるところを捕まりました。

C1 adjective /ˈɜːrθ.li/

Earthly

地上的; 世俗的; 物質的

Meaning

relating to the earth or human life; worldly; material rather than spiritual

Example

He focused on earthly pleasures rather than spiritual growth.

彼は精神的成長よりも地上的な楽しみに集中した。

C1 adjective /ˌɪnkənˈkluːsɪv/

inconclusive

結論が出ていない

Meaning

Not leading to a definite result or decision.

Example

The investigation remained inconclusive due to a lack of evidence.

証拠の不足により、調査は結論が出ていないままでした。

C1 adjective /ˈkɒz.mɪk/

cosmic

宇宙的, 広大な

Meaning

relating to the universe or cosmos; vast

Example

Astronomers study cosmic phenomena to understand the universe.

天文学者たちは宇宙を理解するためにコズミック現象を研究しています。

C1 verb /ˈblækən/

blacken

黒くする

Meaning

to make something black or darker; to stain, soil, or tarnish

Example

Smoke from the fire began to blacken the walls.

火事の煙が壁を黒くし始めた。

C1 noun /əˈsɛnʃən/

ascension

昇進

Meaning

The act of rising or going up, often to an important position or a higher place.

Example

His rapid ascension in the company surprised everyone.

会社での彼の急速な昇進は、皆を驚かせた。

C1 noun /braɪn/

brine

塩水

Meaning

Water saturated with salt, often used for preserving food.

Example

The olives were stored in brine to keep them fresh.

オリーブは新鮮さを保つために塩水に保存されました。

C1 noun /ˈmɒnəˌθiːɪzəm/

monotheism

一神教

Meaning

The belief in the existence of only one God.

Example

Islam and Christianity are religions based on monotheism.

イスラム教とキリスト教は一神教に基づいている。

C1 adjective /ɪˈnɛpt/

inept

不器用

Meaning

lacking skill or ability; clumsy or incompetent

Example

His inept handling of the situation made it worse.

彼の不器用な状況の対処が状況を悪化させた。

C1 noun /hɑːrp/

Harp

ハープ

Meaning

a large triangular musical instrument with strings that are plucked

Example

The angel played a beautiful melody on the harp.

天使はハープで美しいメロディーを奏でました。

C1 verb /vaʊtʃ/

vouch

保証する

Meaning

to confirm or assert the truth or reliability of something

Example

I can vouch for his honesty.

彼の誠実さを保証できます。

C1 adjective /ˈpɑːr.dən.ə.bəl/

Pardonable

許容可能な

Meaning

able to be forgiven; excusable

Example

His mistake was pardonable given the difficult circumstances.

彼の誤りは許容可能でした、困難な状況を考慮すると。

C1 noun/verb /ɡrʌdʒ/

grudge

Meaning

A persistent feeling of ill will or resentment from a past insult or injury.

Example

She still holds a grudge against him for what happened years ago.

C1 noun ˈhaɪ.drə.dʒən ˈpaʊ.əd bʌsɪz

hydrogen-powered buses

水素バス

Meaning

Buses powered by hydrogen fuel cells that produce only water vapor as emission.

Example

Hydrogen-powered buses reduce air pollution.

水素バスは大気汚染を減らします。

C1 noun /əˌsæsɪˈneɪʃən/

assassination

暗殺

Meaning

The act of killing someone important, often for political or ideological reasons.

Example

The assassination of the president shocked the nation.

大統領の暗殺は国全体を驚かせた。

C1 noun /ˈfɔːrˌrʌnər/

forerunner

先駆者

Meaning

A person or thing that comes before another; a predecessor or harbinger.

Example

The Wright brothers were the forerunners of modern aviation.

ライト兄弟は現代の航空の先駆者でした。

C1 noun /ˈɛn.kleɪv/

enclave

飛び地

Meaning

a distinct area or group enclosed within a larger one

Example

The city has a small Italian enclave where traditions are preserved.

その都市には、伝統が守られている小さなイタリアン飛び地があります。

C1 adjective /ˈsɒljʊbəl/

soluble

可溶性

Meaning

able to be dissolved, especially in water

Example

Sugar is soluble in water.

砂糖は水に溶けやすい。

C1 noun /ˌtɛrəˈdæktɪl/

pterodactyl

絶滅した飛行爬虫類

Meaning

An extinct flying reptile of the Jurassic period, with a long slender head and wings formed by a membrane stretching along the body.

Example

The museum displayed a fossil of a giant pterodactyl.

博物館には巨大なプテロダクティルの化石が展示されていた。

C1 noun njuːˈtræl.ə.ti

neutrality

中立

Meaning

The state of not supporting or helping either side in a conflict, disagreement, etc.; impartiality.

Example

Neutrality fosters trust in decision-making.

中立は意思決定において信頼を育みます。

C1 noun /ˈdiːvə/

diva

有名な女性歌手

Meaning

a famous female singer; a woman who is admired or behaves like a star

Example

The pop diva performed her latest hit to a cheering crowd.

ポップディーバは観衆の前で最新のヒットを披露しました。

C1 noun /ˌpɑːrʃiˈæləti/

partiality

偏見

Meaning

an unfair preference or bias toward one side or person

Example

The judge was criticized for showing partiality in the case.

裁判官は事件で偏見を示したとして批判されました。

C1 noun ˈvæljuː beɪst ˌɛdjuːˈkeɪʃən

value-based education

価値に基づく教育

Meaning

Education that emphasizes moral principles and ethical values.

Example

Value-based education shapes moral character.

価値に基づく教育は道徳的な性格を形成します。

C1 noun /ˈfrek.əl/

Freckle

そばかす

Meaning

a small brownish spot on the skin, often becoming more pronounced through exposure to the sun

Example

Her face was covered with cute freckles that appeared every summer.

彼女の顔は可愛いそばかすで覆われていて、毎年夏になると現れます。

C1 noun /ˌrɛtrɪˈbjuːʃən/

retribution

報復, 罰

Meaning

punishment inflicted as vengeance for a wrong or crime

Example

The villagers demanded retribution for the crime committed.

村人たちは犯された犯罪に対して報復を要求しました。

C1 verb /rɪˈdʒɛnəreɪt/

regenerate

再生する

Meaning

to grow or produce again; to renew or restore

Example

The lizard can regenerate its lost tail.

トカゲは失われた尾を再生できます。

C1 noun /ˈtʃaɪ.nə.weər/

China-ware

チャイナウェア

Meaning

dishes, plates, cups, and other tableware made of porcelain or fine ceramic

Example

The expensive china-ware was displayed in the cabinet.

高価なチャイナウェアはキャビネットに展示されていました。

C1 adjective /ˌkɒnsɪˈkwɛnʃəl/

consequential

重要な

Meaning

Having important or significant consequences; resulting from something.

Example

The meeting was consequential for the future of the project.

その会議はプロジェクトの未来にとって重要でした。

C1 verb, noun /klɑːɡ/

clog

詰まる / 木靴

Meaning

to block or become blocked; a type of heavy wooden shoe

Example

The sink was clogged with food waste.

シンクは食べ物のゴミで詰まっていました。

C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈstrʌktəbl/

indestructible

壊れない

Meaning

Impossible to destroy or break.

Example

The superhero's shield was said to be indestructible.

スーパーヒーローの盾は壊れないと言われていました。

C1 verb /ˈfrɒlɪk/

frolic

楽しげに遊ぶ

Meaning

to play and move about cheerfully, energetically, or playfully

Example

The children frolicked in the garden all afternoon.

子供たちは午後中庭で楽しげに遊んでいました。

C1 verb, noun /ˌdɪsɪˈluːʒən/

disillusion

幻滅

Meaning

to cause someone to realize that something is not as good as they believed

Example

The scandal disillusioned many voters.

そのスキャンダルは多くの有権者を幻滅させた。

C1 noun /dɪˌnʌnsiˈeɪʃən/

denunciation

非難 / 公共の告発

Meaning

the public condemnation or accusation of someone or something

Example

The journalist's article was a strong denunciation of corruption.

ジャーナリストの記事は腐敗に対する強い非難でした。

C1 adjective /pəˈrɪfərəl/

peripheral

周辺的

Meaning

Relating to or situated on the edge or outer parts of something.

Example

The town is located on the peripheral area of the city.

町は都市の周辺エリアに位置しています。

C1 adjective /ˈfiːzəbl/

feasible

実行可能

Meaning

possible to do easily or conveniently; practical and workable

Example

It is feasible to complete the project within two months.

このプロジェクトを2ヶ月以内に完了することは実行可能です。

C1 adjective /ʌnˈɒnəd/

unhonoured

敬われない

Meaning

not respected or given the recognition that is deserved; treated without honor

Example

He felt unhonoured after his years of service were ignored.

長年の奉仕が無視され、彼は敬われないと感じた。

C1 adjective /ˌpæθəˈlɑːdʒɪkəl/

pathological

病理的, 病的

Meaning

Relating to disease; extreme or obsessive in a way that is abnormal.

Example

He has a pathological fear of failure.

彼は失敗に対して病理的な恐怖を抱えている。

C1 adjective /ɪmˈpʌlsɪv/

impulsive

衝動的な, 直感的な

Meaning

acting suddenly without careful thought

Example

She made an impulsive decision to buy the car.

彼女は衝動的な決定で車を買うことにしました。

C1 noun /ˈiːɡoʊɪst/

egoist

エゴイスト

Meaning

A person who is excessively concerned with themselves; someone who believes in or practices egoism.

Example

She avoided him because he was a selfish egoist.

彼女は彼を避けていた、なぜなら彼は利己的なエゴイストだったから。

C1 noun /ˌriː.əˈdʒʌst.mənt/

readjustment

Meaning

The act of changing or correcting something again to make it suitable or balanced.

Example

After moving to a new city, he went through a period of readjustment.

C1 adjective /ˈzoʊ.nəl/

Zonal

ゾーン式

Meaning

relating to or arranged in zones; of, relating to, or having the form of a zone

Example

The city implemented a zonal parking system to manage traffic congestion.

都市は交通渋滞を管理するためにゾーン式駐車システムを導入しました。

C1 noun /ˈmaʊθ.fʊl/

mouthful

一口

Meaning

the amount of food or drink that fills the mouth, or a long and difficult word or phrase

Example

He took a big mouthful of water after the run.

彼はランニングの後で大きな一口水を飲んだ。

C1 noun /nɔːrm/

Norm

規範; 標準; ルール; 伝統

Meaning

a standard of behavior; what is typical or expected

Example

Working late has become the norm in this company.

遅くまで働くことがこの会社の規範になった。

C1 noun /əˈtoʊnmənt/

atonement

贖罪

Meaning

the act of making amends for a wrong, sin, or injury

Example

The festival was celebrated as a day of atonement.

その祭りは贖罪の日として祝われました。

C1 verb /skʌf/

scuff

擦り傷

Meaning

to mark or scratch the surface of something by rubbing

Example

He scuffed his shoes on the pavement.

彼は歩道で靴を擦り傷をつけた。

C1 adjective /dɪˈsɜːrnɪŋ/

discerning

鋭い

Meaning

having good judgment or insight; able to distinguish well

Example

He is a discerning reader who notices subtle details.

彼は鋭い読者で、微細な詳細に気づきます。

C1 verb /dɪˈfeɪm/

defame

名誉毀損

Meaning

to harm someone's reputation by spreading false information

Example

He was defamed by malicious rumors.

彼は悪意のある噂で中傷されました。

C1 noun /ˈkɔːkəs/

caucus

政治的集会

Meaning

A meeting of members of a political party to select candidates or decide policy.

Example

The party held a caucus to nominate their candidate for president.

党は大統領候補者を指名するために集会を開いた。

C1 adjective /kəˈlæpsəbl̩/

collapsible

折りたたみ式

Meaning

able to be folded down or reduced in size

Example

She bought a collapsible chair for camping.

彼女はキャンプ用に折りたたみ式の椅子を買いました。

C1 verb /aɪˈdiː.ə.laɪz/

idealize

理想化する

Meaning

To regard or represent something as perfect or better than it really is.

Example

Children often idealize their parents.

子供たちはしばしば親を理想化します。

C1 noun /ˈkɒrənər/

coroner

検死官

Meaning

an official who investigates sudden, violent, or suspicious deaths

Example

The coroner determined the cause of death was natural.

検死官は死因が自然死であると判定しました。

C1 verb /ˈnʌrɪʃ/

nourish

栄養を与える

Meaning

To provide with food or other substances necessary for growth, health, and good condition

Example

Good books nourish the mind.

良い本は心を栄養します。

C1 noun /sɪr/

seer

予言者

Meaning

A person who is supposed to be able to see what will happen in the future; a prophet.

Example

The seer predicted a great change in the kingdom.

予言者は王国の大きな変化を予測しました。

C1 noun ˈiːkəʊˌsɪstəm ˈsɜːvɪsɪz

ecosystem services

生態系サービス

Meaning

The benefits people obtain from ecosystems.

Example

Forests provide valuable ecosystem services, such as purifying air and water.

森林は空気と水を浄化するなど、貴重な生態系サービスを提供します。

C1 noun /kənˈfɔːrmɪst/

conformist

コンフォーミスト

Meaning

A person who uncritically conforms to established practices or standards.

Example

She was labeled a conformist for always following the crowd.

彼女はいつも人々に従っていたため、コンフォーミストとレッテルを貼られた。

C1 noun ˌmɛtə ˈmɔːfəsɪs

metamorphosis

変容

Meaning

A change of the form or nature of a thing or person into a completely different one, by natural or supernatural means.

Example

The company's metamorphosis from a small startup to a global leader was remarkable.

その企業が小さなスタートアップから世界的リーダーへと変容したのは驚くべきことだった。

C1 noun, adjective /ˌproʊlɪˈtɛəriən/

proletarian

プロレタリアン

Meaning

Relating to the working class, especially those who do not own property.

Example

The movement was rooted in proletarian struggles.

その運動はプロレタリアンの闘争に根ざしていた。

C1 noun /ɪnˈædɪkwəsi/

inadequacy

不十分さ

Meaning

lack of sufficient ability, quality, or strength; a feeling of not being good enough

Example

She struggled with feelings of inadequacy at work despite her strong qualifications.

十分な資格があるにもかかわらず、彼女は職場で不十分さを感じていた。

C1 noun, verb /kriːs/

crease

しわ, 折り目

Meaning

a line or fold produced on paper, cloth, or other material; to make a fold or wrinkle

Example

She ironed the shirt carefully to remove every crease.

彼女はシャツを慎重にアイロンがけして、すべてのしわを取り除きました。

C1 noun /ˈɡæmbɪt/

gambit

ギャンビット

Meaning

a calculated move or remark intended to gain an advantage, especially in chess or conversation

Example

His opening gambit in the debate caught everyone by surprise.

彼の討論でのギャンビットは、みんなを驚かせました。

C1 adjective /ˈmjuːtɪd/

muted

muted (ミューテッド)

Meaning

softened in sound, color, or effect; subdued

Example

The room was painted in muted shades of blue and grey.

部屋は青と灰色の muted な色合いで塗られていました。

C1 adjective /ɪˈnɒkjuəs/

innocuous

無害な

Meaning

Not harmful or offensive.

Example

His remark was completely innocuous and not meant to offend anyone.

彼の発言は完全に無害で、誰かを傷つける意図はなかった。

C1 adjective /ˌɔː.riˈen.təl/

Oriental

東アジアの国々に関連する; 東方

Meaning

relating to the countries of East Asia; eastern

Example

The museum has a beautiful collection of oriental art.

博物館には美しいオリエンタルアートのコレクションがあります。

C1 noun /krɛst/

crest

頂上

Meaning

the top of a hill, wave, or mountain; a symbol of identity

Example

The hikers reached the crest of the mountain at sunrise.

ハイカーたちは日の出時に山頂に到達しました。

C1 noun ˌɪnˈsaɪtfʊlnɪs

insightfulness

洞察力、分析能力

Meaning

The capacity to gain an accurate and deep intuitive understanding of a person or thing.

Example

His insightfulness helped solve the complex problem.

彼の洞察力は複雑な問題を解決するのに役立ちました。

C1 noun /ˌʌl.tɪˈmeɪ.təm/

Ultimatum

最終通告

Meaning

a final demand or statement of terms, the rejection of which will result in retaliation

Example

The boss gave him an ultimatum: improve or be fired.

上司は彼に最終通告を与えた：改善するか、解雇されるかだ。

C1 noun ˌɪnfrəˈstrʌktʃərəl dɪˈveləpmənt

infrastructural development

インフラ整備

Meaning

The process of building and improving the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.

Example

Infrastructural development is necessary for efficient recycling.

インフラストラクチャー開発は効率的なリサイクルに必要です。

C1 noun /ˈrʌbəl/

rubble

瓦礫

Meaning

Broken stone, bricks, or debris from a collapsed building or structure.

Example

The rescue team searched through the rubble after the earthquake.

地震後、救助隊は瓦礫の中を探しました。

C1 adjective /ˈpɪt.i.ləs/

pitiless

無慈悲

Meaning

showing no pity or compassion; cruel

Example

The pitiless ruler ignored the suffering of his people.

無慈悲な支配者は自分の民の苦しみを無視した。

C1 noun əˈrɪd.ɪ.ti

aridity

干ばつ

Meaning

The state of being extremely dry, especially having insufficient rainfall to support vegetation.

Example

The aridity of the land is increasing due to climate change.

気候変動の影響で土地の干ばつが進行しています。

C1 noun /kæsˈkeɪd/

Cascade

滝; 一連の段階や操作

Meaning

a waterfall; a succession of stages or operations

Example

The mountain cascade created a beautiful natural swimming pool below.

山の滝は下に美しい自然のスイミングプールを作りました。

C1 noun /fiːt/

feat

偉業

Meaning

an achievement that requires great courage, skill, or strength

Example

Climbing Mount Everest was a remarkable feat.

エベレスト山の登頂は素晴らしい偉業でした。

C1 noun /ˌædəˈreɪʃən/

adoration

崇拝 / 深い愛

Meaning

deep love and respect; worship

Example

The fans showed their adoration for the singer.

ファンは歌手に対して自分の愛情を示した。

C1 adjective /ˌnɒn ɪɡˈzɪstənt/

non-existent

存在しない

Meaning

not real or not present; lacking existence

Example

The supposed evidence turned out to be non-existent.

仮定された証拠は存在しないことが判明しました。

C1 noun /ˈhæv.ək/

Havoc

広範囲の破壊; 大きな混乱や無秩序; カオス

Meaning

widespread destruction; great confusion or disorder; chaos

Example

The hurricane wreaked havoc on the coastal towns, destroying homes and businesses.

ハリケーンは沿岸の町で大規模な破壊を引き起こし、家屋やビジネスを破壊しました。

C1 noun səˈsteɪ.nə.bəl tekˈnɒl.ə.dʒi

sustainable technology

持続可能な技術

Meaning

Technology designed to meet present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their needs.

Example

Sustainable technology ensures a cleaner future.

持続可能な技術は、よりクリーンな未来を保証します。

C1 noun, verb /ˈkɒmjuːn/

commune

共同体 / 心を通わせる

Meaning

Noun: a group of people living together and sharing possessions; Verb: to share one's thoughts or feelings intimately.

Example

She went to the countryside to commune with nature.

彼女は自然と心を通わせるために田舎に行った。

C1 noun /ˈæmfɪˌθiətər/

amphitheater

円形劇場

Meaning

A large open circular or oval building with rising tiers of seats, used for public events.

Example

The concert was held in an ancient amphitheater.

コンサートは古代の円形劇場で行われました。

C1 verb /riːk/

wreak

被害を与える

Meaning

to cause or inflict something, especially damage or harm

Example

The storm wreaked havoc on the coastal villages.

嵐は沿岸の村に大きな被害をもたらしました。

C1 adjective /əˈɡæst/

aghast

驚愕

Meaning

filled with shock or horror

Example

The audience was aghast at the tragic scene.

観客はその悲劇的なシーンに驚愕していた。

C1 noun ˈæf.lu.əns

affluence

富裕

Meaning

The state of having a great deal of money; wealth.

Example

His affluence allowed him to travel the world.

彼の富は世界中を旅することを可能にしました。

C1 noun /ˈprɒk.tər/

proctor

試験監督者

Meaning

a person who supervises students during an examination

Example

The proctor reminded students to keep their phones switched off.

試験監督者は学生に携帯電話を切るように注意しました。

C1 adverb /suːˈpɜːb.li/

Superbly

素晴らしく

Meaning

in an excellent or outstanding manner

Example

She performed superbly in the dance competition.

彼女はダンスコンテストで素晴らしくパフォーマンスをしました。

C1 noun /ˈsaɪkiː/

psyche

魂 / 心

Meaning

the human soul, mind, or spirit

Example

The novel explores the depths of the human psyche.

その小説は人間の精神の深層を探求します。

C1 noun /ɪˈrɛlɪvənsi/

irrelevancy

無関係性

Meaning

the state of being unrelated or unimportant to the matter at hand

Example

The judge dismissed the argument because of its irrelevancy to the case.

裁判官はその主張が事件と無関係であるとして退けた。

C1 noun /fɪkˈseɪ.ʃən/

fixation

執着や過度な興味

Meaning

An obsessive interest in or feeling about someone or something.

Example

His fixation on perfectionism delayed project completion.

完璧主義への執着がプロジェクトの完了を遅らせた。

C1 adjective /ˌsækrəˈlɪdʒəs/

sacrilegious

冒涜的

Meaning

Showing disrespect or irreverence toward something sacred.

Example

The painting was criticized as being sacrilegious.

その絵画は冒涜的だと批判されました。

C1 noun, adjective /ˌpəʊstˈmɔːtəm/

postmortem

死後解剖

Meaning

An examination of a dead body to determine the cause of death.

Example

The doctor carried out a postmortem on the body.

医者は死体にポストモーテムを行った。

C1 verb /rɪˈzaʊnd/

resound

反響する

Meaning

To fill a place with sound; to be celebrated or talked about widely.

Example

The hall resounded with applause.

ホールは拍手で反響しました。

C1 verb /ˌrɛzəˈrɛkt/

resurrect

復活させる

Meaning

To bring back to life or revive something from the past.

Example

The director decided to resurrect the old play for a new audience.

監督は新しい観客のために古い劇を復活させることに決めました。

C1 noun /ˈwɒrənt/

Warrant

捜索令状

Meaning

a legal document that gives police the authority to do something; justification or authority for an action

Example

The police obtained a search warrant before entering the building.

警察は建物に入る前に捜索令状を取得しました。

C1 noun əˈtrɪʃ.ən

attrition

減耗

Meaning

The process of reducing something's strength or effectiveness through sustained attack or pressure.

Example

The company faced high employee attrition due to job dissatisfaction.

会社は仕事への不満により従業員の高い離職率に直面した。

C1 noun, verb /ˈfrænʧaɪz/

franchise

フランチャイズ

Meaning

A legal right to sell or distribute goods or services in a specific area; to grant such a right.

Example

He opened a new fast-food franchise in the city.

彼は都市で新しいファーストフードのフランチャイズを開設しました。

C1 adjective ʌnˈskruːpjʊləs

unscrupulous

不道徳な

Meaning

Having or showing no moral principles; not honest or fair.

Example

Unscrupulous peers can lead adolescents to delinquency.

不道徳な仲間は、若者を犯罪に導くことがあります。

C1 noun /ˈmiːdieɪtər/

Mediator

仲裁者

Meaning

A person who attempts to make people involved in a conflict agree

Example

The United Nations often acts as a mediator in international disputes.

国際的な争いにおいて、国連はしばしばメディエーターとして機能します。

C1 noun ˌɒk.sɪˈdeɪ.ʃən

oxidation

酸化

Meaning

A chemical reaction that involves the combination of a substance with oxygen, often causing deterioration.

Example

Oxidation causes metal surfaces to weaken.

酸化は金属表面を弱めます。