bequeath
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C1 verb bɪˈkwiːð

bequeath

legar por testamento
Meaning
Leave something to someone in a will; pass down or hand down to the next generation.
Example
The scientist bequeathed his research papers to the university.
El científico legó sus papeles de investigación a la universidad.
C1 adjective /ˈkɒn.ɪ.fər.əs/

coniferous

relacionado con los árboles que producen conos
Meaning
Relating to cone-bearing trees that usually have needle-like leaves and remain green year-round.
Example
Pine trees are coniferous and grow in colder climates.
Los pinos son coníferos y crecen en climas más fríos.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈhɪbɪtɪd/

inhibited

inhibido
Meaning
Unable to act in a relaxed and natural way, especially due to self-consciousness or restraint.
Example
He was too inhibited to express his true feelings.
Él estaba demasiado inhibido para expresar sus verdaderos sentimientos.
C1 verb /ˈɪmprəvaɪz/

improvise

improvisar
Meaning
To create or perform something spontaneously without preparation.
Example
The actor had to improvise his lines when he forgot the script.
El actor tuvo que improvisar sus líneas cuando olvidó el guion.
C1 noun /ˈraɪtʃəsnəs/

righteousness

justicia
Meaning
the quality of being morally right or justifiable
Example
His life was dedicated to righteousness and truth.
Su vida estuvo dedicada a la justicia y la verdad.
C1 verb /ˈɪnstɪˌɡeɪt/

instigate

incitar
Meaning
To bring about or initiate an action, often something negative.
Example
He was accused of instigating the riot.
Fue acusado de incitar el motín.
C1 noun /ˈtrɪŋkɪt/

trinket

adorno pequeño
Meaning
a small ornament or piece of jewelry that is not expensive
Example
She bought a little trinket from the beach market as a souvenir.
Compró un pequeño adorno en el mercado de la playa como recuerdo.
C1 adjective /ˈprɪvi/

privy

conocimiento secreto
Meaning
having access to secret or private knowledge
Example
She was privy to the confidential discussions.
Ella estaba al tanto de las discusiones confidenciales.
C1 noun /baɪl/

Bile

bilis
Meaning
a bitter greenish-brown alkaline fluid that aids digestion and is secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder
Example
The liver produces bile to help digest fats.
El hígado produce bilis para ayudar a digerir las grasas.
C1 verb /priːˈɛmpt/

preempt

prevenir
Meaning
To take action in order to prevent something from happening; to take the place of something.
Example
The government acted quickly to preempt a financial crisis.
El gobierno actuó rápidamente para prevenir una crisis financiera.
C1 adjective /skəˈlæstɪk/

scholastic

escolar
Meaning
Relating to schools, education, or academic learning.
Example
The school organizes scholastic competitions every year.
La escuela organiza competencias escolares cada año.
C1 noun /ˈsɔːjər/

Sawyer

aserrador
Meaning
a person who saws wood, especially as an occupation
Example
The skilled sawyer cut the logs into planks.
El hábil aserrador cortó los troncos en tablones.
C1 noun /ˈfɒdər/

fodder

forraje
Meaning
food for livestock such as cattle, horses, or sheep; also something considered of little value but used to supply a demand
Example
The farmer stored enough fodder for the cattle to last through winter.
El granjero almacenó suficiente forraje para que el ganado tuviera suficiente durante el invierno.
C1 noun /krɪpt/

crypt

cripta
Meaning
an underground chamber, especially one beneath a church, used as a burial place
Example
The tourists explored the ancient crypt beneath the cathedral.
Los turistas exploraron la antigua cripta debajo de la catedral.
C1 adjective /kənˈdʒenɪtl/

congenital

congénito
Meaning
existing from birth, usually describing a disease or condition
Example
The child was born with a congenital heart defect.
El niño nació con un defecto congénito en el corazón.
C1 adjective /ˈveɪɡrənt/

Vagrant

vagabundo; sin hogar
Meaning
wandering aimlessly; having no settled home
Example
The vagrant man was asking for food near the station.
El hombre vagabundo estaba pidiendo comida cerca de la estación.
C1 verb ˌsɝː.kəmˈvent

circumvent

evitar hábilmente o encontrar una manera de eludir obstáculos o reglas
Meaning
To cleverly avoid or find a way around obstacles or rules.
Example
He tried to circumvent the security system.
Él intentó eludir el sistema de seguridad.
C1 verb dɪˈsaɪ.fɚ

decipher

descifrar, traducir, interpretar
Meaning
To convert something written in code into normal language; to succeed in understanding the meaning of something.
Example
It took hours to decipher the ancient script.
Se tardaron horas en descifrar el antiguo texto.
C1 noun /væt/

vat

gran recipiente
Meaning
A large container used for holding liquids such as dye or wine.
Example
The workers filled the vat with freshly pressed grape juice.
Los trabajadores llenaron el gran recipiente con jugo de uva recién exprimido.
C1 noun ˌkɒn.ʃiˈen.ʃəs.nəs

conscientiousness

conciencia
Meaning
The quality of wishing to do one's work or duty well and thoroughly; diligence.
Example
Her conscientiousness in work led to a well-organized project.
Su conciencia en el trabajo condujo a un proyecto bien organizado.
C1 noun /ˈdɛsɪˌbɛl/

decibel

decibel
Meaning
a unit used to measure the intensity of sound
Example
The noise level in the factory exceeded 90 decibels.
El nivel de ruido en la fábrica superó los 90 decibelios.
C1 adjective /prɪˈzʌmp.tʃu.əs/

presumptuous

presuntuoso
Meaning
Overconfident, rude, or taking liberties without permission.
Example
It was presumptuous of him to make that decision without consulting others.
Fue presuntuoso de su parte tomar esa decisión sin consultar a los demás.
C1 noun /ɪnˈdjuːsmənt/

inducement

inducido
Meaning
something that persuades or encourages someone to do something
Example
The company offered a bonus as an inducement to employees.
La empresa ofreció un bono como incentivo para los empleados.
C1 noun ˈhɛroʊˌɪzəm

heroism

heroísmo
Meaning
Great bravery; the qualities or attributes of a hero.
Example
The heroism of freedom fighters inspires the nation.
El heroísmo de los luchadores por la libertad inspira a la nación.
C1 noun kəˈmɛns.mənt

commencement

comienzo
Meaning
The beginning of something; a ceremony at which degrees or diplomas are conferred on graduating students.
Example
The commencement ceremony marked the start of a new journey.
La ceremonia de comienzo marcó el inicio de un nuevo viaje.
C1 adjective /ˌɑːpərˈtuːn/

opportune

momento oportuno
Meaning
Happening at a suitable or convenient time.
Example
She arrived at an opportune moment to help.
Llegó en un momento oportuno para ayudar.
C1 noun ˈsʌb.tɛkst

subtext

subtexto
Meaning
Hidden meaning or message behind spoken or written words
Example
The subtext of his speech suggested disagreement.
El subtexto de su discurso sugirió desacuerdo.
C1 verb /ˌʌndərˈsɛl/

undersell

vender a un precio más bajo
Meaning
to sell something at a lower price than competitors or to downplay the value of something
Example
The shop undersold its rivals by offering huge discounts.
La tienda vendió a sus rivales a un precio más bajo ofreciendo grandes descuentos.
C1 adjective vəˈreɪ.ʃəs

voracious

voraz
Meaning
Having a very eager approach to an activity; wanting or devouring great quantities of food or having an insatiable appetite.
Example
He has a voracious appetite for knowledge.
Él tiene un apetito voraz por el conocimiento.
C1 verb /blɛər/

blare

hacer un ruido fuerte
Meaning
to make a loud, harsh sound
Example
The car horns blared all night.
Las bocinas del coche sonaron toda la noche.
C1 adjective /ˌeɪθiˈɪstɪk/

atheistic

ateísta
Meaning
Relating to or characteristic of atheists or atheism.
Example
She grew up in an atheistic household with no religious rituals.
Ella creció en un hogar ateo sin rituales religiosos.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɛndɪŋ/

impending

inminente
Meaning
about to happen soon, usually something unpleasant or threatening
Example
The villagers were worried about the impending flood.
Los aldeanos estaban preocupados por la inundación inminente.
C1 noun /ˈstætʃər/

stature

estatura, prestigio
Meaning
A person's natural height or their reputation and importance.
Example
Her intellectual stature made her a respected figure in academia.
Su estatura intelectual la convirtió en una figura respetada en el mundo académico.
C1 noun /ˈlɔː.meɪ.kər/

Lawmaker

legislador
Meaning
a person who writes and passes laws, especially a member of a legislative body
Example
The lawmakers voted on the new education bill.
Los legisladores votaron sobre el nuevo proyecto de ley educativa.
C1 noun /kwɪnˈtɛsəns/

quintessence

la quintaesencia
Meaning
The purest or most perfect example of something.
Example
She is the quintessence of elegance.
Ella es la quintaesencia de la elegancia.
C1 adjective /ɪˈɡriːdʒəs/

egregious

atroz
Meaning
Outstandingly bad; shocking.
Example
The company was fined for its egregious safety violations.
La empresa fue multada por sus atroces violaciones de seguridad.
C1 adjective /ˈɪntrɪkət/

intricate

intrincado
Meaning
very detailed, complex, and difficult to understand
Example
The artist created an intricate pattern on the wall.
El artista creó un patrón intrincado en la pared.
C1 noun /ˈzɛnəˌfoʊb/

xenophobe

xenófobo
Meaning
a person who dislikes or fears people from other countries or cultures
Example
The politician was criticized as a xenophobe due to his anti-immigrant policies.
El político fue criticado como xenófobo debido a sus políticas anti-inmigrantes.
C1 adjective /ˈæŋ.ɡjə.lər/

Angular

angular
Meaning
having sharp corners or edges; relating to angles
Example
The building has an angular design with sharp corners.
El edificio tiene un diseño angular con esquinas afiladas.
C1 noun /buːn/

boon

bendición
Meaning
A thing that is helpful or beneficial.
Example
The internet is a boon to modern education.
Internet es una bendición para la educación moderna.
C1 noun /ˈsaɪd.laɪn dɪˈskʌʃənz/

sideline discussions

discusiones secundarias
Meaning
Informal or secondary conversations that occur outside the main agenda of a formal meeting.
Example
Sideline discussions often lead to agreements.
Las discusiones secundarias a menudo conducen a acuerdos.
C1 verb /ɪˈroʊd/

erode

erosionar
Meaning
to gradually wear away or destroy by natural forces such as water, wind, or chemical action
Example
The coastline has begun to erode due to constant waves.
La línea costera ha comenzado a erosionarse debido a las olas constantes.
C1 noun /wɪm/

whim

capricho
Meaning
a sudden or unpredictable idea, desire, or decision
Example
She bought the dress on a whim.
Ella compró el vestido por capricho.
C1 verb /kəˈrəʊd/

corrode

corroer
Meaning
to gradually destroy or wear away metal or other materials through chemical action
Example
The iron pipes corroded over time due to exposure to water.
Las tuberías de hierro se corrodieron con el tiempo debido a la exposición al agua.
C1 noun /kənˈfɛdərəsi/

confederacy

confederación
Meaning
a group of states, people, or organizations united for a common purpose
Example
The southern states formed a confederacy during the civil war.
Los estados del sur formaron una confederación durante la guerra civil.
C1 adjective ˈsɪŋ.krə.nəs

synchronous

sincrónico
Meaning
Existing or occurring at the same time.
Example
Synchronous learning involves live online classes.
El aprendizaje sincrónico implica clases en línea en vivo.
C1 adjective /ˈstɛlər/

stellar

excepcional
Meaning
Relating to stars; outstanding or excellent.
Example
She gave a stellar performance in the play.
Ella dio una actuación excepcional en la obra.
C1 verb ɪˈmɜːrs

immerse

sumergir
Meaning
To involve oneself deeply in a particular activity or interest; to surround completely.
Example
Immerse yourself in the new language.
Sumérgete en el nuevo idioma.
C1 noun /ɪkˈstɔːr.ʃən/

extortion

extorsión
Meaning
the practice of obtaining something, especially money, through force or threats
Example
The businessman was arrested for extortion after threatening his partner.
El empresario fue arrestado por extorsión después de amenazar a su socio.
C1 adjective /əˈblaɪdʒɪŋ/

obliging

servicial
Meaning
Willing to help or do favors; accommodating.
Example
The staff at the hotel were very obliging and friendly.
El personal del hotel era muy servicial y amable.
C1 adjective /ˈvɑːlətl/

volatile

volátil
Meaning
likely to change rapidly and unpredictably, especially for the worse
Example
The stock market is extremely volatile these days.
El mercado de valores es extremadamente volátil estos días.
C1 adjective /ˌmɛtəˈfɔːrɪkəl/

metaphorical

metafórico
Meaning
Characteristic of or relating to metaphor; figurative rather than literal.
Example
He used metaphorical language to describe his emotions.
Él usó un lenguaje metafórico para describir sus emociones.
C1 noun /ˈskeɪ.biːz/

Scabies

sarna
Meaning
a contagious skin disease caused by mites that causes intense itching
Example
The doctor diagnosed him with scabies after examining the rash.
El doctor le diagnosticó sarna después de examinar la erupción.
C1 noun ˈθɜː.məl stres

thermal stress

estrés térmico
Meaning
Stress caused by excessive heat that affects plant growth and development.
Example
High thermal stress affects plant growth.
El estrés térmico afecta el crecimiento de las plantas.
C1 noun /ˈsækrɪlɪdʒ/

sacrilege

sacrilegio
Meaning
Violation or misuse of what is regarded as sacred.
Example
Stealing from the temple was considered an act of sacrilege.
Robar del templo se consideraba un acto de sacrilegio.
C1 verb /ˈmɑːrʃəl/

marshal

organizar
Meaning
To arrange or organize people, events, or resources in an orderly way.
Example
The teacher marshaled the students for the field trip.
La profesora organizó a los estudiantes para el viaje de campo.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈkuːθ/

uncouth

grosero
Meaning
Lacking good manners, refinement, or grace; awkward or rough.
Example
His uncouth behavior shocked the guests at the party.
Su comportamiento grosero sorprendió a los invitados en la fiesta.
C1 noun /ˌkɒn.əˈsɜːr/

connoisseur

experto
Meaning
an expert judge in matters of taste, especially in food, art, or wine
Example
She is a true connoisseur of fine art.
Ella es una verdadera experta en arte fino.
C1 noun /ˈtæbloʊ/

tableau

tablao
Meaning
a striking or artistic scene or arrangement of people or objects, often presented on stage or in art
Example
The actors froze in a tableau that captured the final moment of the play.
Los actores se congelaron en un tablao que capturó el momento final de la obra.
C1 noun /ˈiːɡoʊˌtɪzəm/

egotism

egotismo
Meaning
The practice of talking and thinking about oneself excessively because of an inflated sense of self-importance.
Example
His constant boasting revealed his egotism.
Su constante jactancia reveló su egotismo.
C1 noun esˈθet.ɪks

aesthetics

estética
Meaning
A set of principles concerned with the nature and appreciation of beauty, especially in art and design.
Example
Interior design focuses on aesthetics and functionality.
El diseño de interiores se centra en la estética y funcionalidad.
C1 verb /ˌæprɪˈhɛnd/

apprehend

detener
Meaning
to arrest or seize someone; to understand or perceive something
Example
The police managed to apprehend the thief after a long chase.
La policía logró apresar al ladrón después de una larga persecución.
C1 adjective ˌkɑːr.sɪ.nəˈdʒen.ɪk

carcinogenic

carcinógeno
Meaning
Having the potential to cause cancer in living tissue.
Example
Processed meat contains carcinogenic compounds.
La carne procesada contiene compuestos carcinógenos.
C1 noun /ˈdɑːrwɪnɪzəm/

darwinism

darwinismo
Meaning
the theory of biological evolution developed by Charles Darwin, emphasizing natural selection
Example
Darwinism revolutionized the way scientists understood the origin of species.
El darwinismo revolucionó la forma en que los científicos entendían el origen de las especies.
C1 noun /ˈɑːnkɔːr/

encore

bis de actuación
Meaning
An additional performance demanded by an audience at the end of a show.
Example
The band returned to the stage for an encore.
La banda regresó al escenario para un bis.
C1 noun /kənˈdəʊləns/

condolence

pésame
Meaning
An expression of sympathy, especially on the occasion of death.
Example
She offered her sincere condolence to the grieving family.
Ella ofreció su más sentido pésame a la familia afligida.
C1 noun ˌmɪtɪˈɡeɪʃən ˈstrætədʒiz

mitigation strategies

estrategias de mitigación
Meaning
Plans and actions designed to reduce the severity or impact of problems or risks.
Example
Governments must adopt mitigation strategies for climate change.
Los gobiernos deben adoptar estrategias de mitigación para el cambio climático.
C1 noun /ˈnɒnʃələns/

nonchalance

despreocupación
Meaning
A relaxed and calm state, showing lack of concern or interest.
Example
She answered the tough questions with surprising nonchalance.
Ella respondió las preguntas difíciles con sorprendente despreocupación.
C1 noun /kliːk/

clique

clique
Meaning
a small, exclusive group of people
Example
The students formed a clique that excluded others.
Los estudiantes formaron una clique que excluía a los demás.
C1 noun /səˈlɛmnɪti/

solemnity

solemnidad
Meaning
the state or quality of being serious and dignified
Example
The ceremony was conducted with great solemnity.
La ceremonia se realizó con gran solemnidad.
C1 adjective/adverb /ɡəˈlɔːr/

galore

abundante
Meaning
In large amounts; abundant or plentiful.
Example
There were books galore in the old library.
Había libros abundantes en la vieja biblioteca.
C1 adjective/noun nɪˈmɒn.ɪk

mnemonic

dispositivo mnemotécnico, técnica para recordar
Meaning
Assisting or intended to assist memory; a device or technique to aid memory.
Example
A mnemonic device helps students remember complex concepts.
Un dispositivo mnemotécnico ayuda a los estudiantes a recordar conceptos complejos.
C1 noun /ˈmɒnəˌlɒɡ/

monologue

monólogo
Meaning
A long speech by one person, often in a play or performance.
Example
The actor delivered a powerful monologue on stage.
El actor entregó un poderoso monólogo en el escenario.
C1 verb /rɪˈprɛs/

repress

reprimir
Meaning
To restrain, suppress, or keep under control, especially emotions or desires.
Example
He tried to repress his anger during the meeting.
Él intentó reprimir su ira durante la reunión.
C1 noun /ˈherən/

Heron

garza
Meaning
large wading bird with long legs and neck that feeds on fish
Example
The heron stood motionless by the water's edge, waiting for fish.
La garza estaba inmóvil junto a la orilla del agua, esperando a los peces.
C1 verb /priːˈɛmpt/

pre-empt

prevenir por adelantado
Meaning
to act in advance to prevent an anticipated event from happening; forestall
Example
The government moved to pre-empt a crisis by introducing new policies.
El gobierno se movió para prevenir una crisis introduciendo nuevas políticas.
C1 adjective /ˈpeɪnzˌteɪkɪŋ/

painstaking

con mucho cuidado
Meaning
Done with great care and thoroughness.
Example
The artist completed the project with painstaking detail.
El artista completó el proyecto con mucho cuidado.
C1 adjective /bəˈlɪdʒ.ər.ənt/

belligerent

beligerante o agresivo
Meaning
Hostile and aggressive, ready to fight or argue.
Example
His belligerent attitude often leads to conflicts.
Su actitud beligerante a menudo conduce a conflictos.
C1 verb /səbˈdjuː/

subdue

someter
Meaning
To bring under control, especially by force; to overcome or quiet.
Example
The army was able to subdue the rebellion quickly.
El ejército pudo someter la rebelión rápidamente.
C1 noun /ˈrɛtʃɪdnəs/

wretchedness

miseria
Meaning
a state of misery, unhappiness, or poor condition
Example
The novel depicts the wretchedness of war victims.
La novela muestra la miseria de las víctimas de la guerra.
C1 noun əˈpreɪ.zəl

appraisal

evaluación
Meaning
An assessment or evaluation of performance or quality.
Example
The annual appraisal determines salary increments.
La evaluación anual determina los incrementos salariales.
C1 noun /ˈmædʒɪstreɪt/

magistrate

magistrado
Meaning
A civil officer who administers the law, often with limited judicial authority.
Example
The magistrate presided over the minor criminal case.
El magistrado presidió el caso penal menor.
C1 adjective /klæd/

clad

vestido / cubierto
Meaning
dressed or covered in a particular way
Example
The knight was clad in shining armor.
El caballero estaba vestido con una brillante armadura.
C1 adjective /ˈpɔːltri/

paltry

insignificante, trivial
Meaning
small or meager; lacking in value or importance
Example
They offered him a paltry sum for his work.
Le ofrecieron una suma insignificante por su trabajo.
C1 adjective /ˈsæljʊˌtɛri/

salutary

saludable
Meaning
Producing good effects; beneficial, especially after something unpleasant.
Example
The accident was a salutary reminder to drive carefully.
El accidente fue un recordatorio saludable de conducir con cuidado.
C1 verb /splaɪs/

splice

unir
Meaning
to join two pieces of rope, film, or other material by weaving or attaching them together
Example
The technician spliced the two wires to restore the connection.
El técnico unió los dos cables para restaurar la conexión.
C1 adjective /səbˈsɪd.i.ər.i/

Subsidiary

subsidiario; secundario; relacionado con una empresa subsidiaria
Meaning
less important than the main thing; secondary; of or relating to a subsidiary company
Example
The subsidiary company handles all overseas operations.
La empresa subsidiaria maneja todas las operaciones en el extranjero.
C1 noun /ˈθʌroʊˌfɛr/

thoroughfare

calle principal
Meaning
a main road or public highway that goes through a place
Example
The new mall is located along the main thoroughfare.
El nuevo centro comercial está ubicado a lo largo de la calle principal.
C1 adjective /ˈʃeɪm.ləs/

Shameless

desvergonzado
Meaning
having no shame; bold and rude; impudent
Example
The shameless politician refused to apologize for his mistakes.
El político desvergonzado se negó a disculparse por sus errores.
C1 noun /ˈpæʃ.ən ˌflaʊ.ər/

Passion flower

flor de la pasión
Meaning
A climbing plant with intricate, colorful flowers; also refers to royal poinciana tree with red-orange blooms
Example
The passion flower vine covered the garden wall with beautiful blooms.
La vid de la flor de la pasión cubrió la pared del jardín con hermosas flores.
C1 noun kənˈfɔː.mə.ti

conformity

conformidad, obediencia, cumplimiento
Meaning
Compliance with standards, rules, or laws. Behavior in accordance with socially accepted conventions.
Example
Strict conformity to the rules ensures order in society.
La estricta conformidad con las reglas asegura el orden en la sociedad.
C1 adjective /ˈstæɡ.nənt/

Stagnant

estancado; inmóvil; sin desarrollo
Meaning
not moving or flowing; showing no activity or development
Example
The stagnant water in the pond was covered with algae.
El agua estancada en el estanque estaba cubierta de algas.
C1 noun /ˈpiː.kɒk ˈflaʊ.ər/

Peacock flower

flor de pavo real
Meaning
a tropical tree with bright orange and red flowers that resemble a peacock's tail
Example
The peacock flower tree blooms with stunning orange flowers in summer.
El árbol de flor de pavo real florece con flores naranjas impresionantes en verano.
C1 adjective /kənˈtɛmptʃuəs/

contemptuous

despectivo, desdeñoso
Meaning
showing or expressing contempt; scornful
Example
She gave him a contemptuous glance.
Ella le dio una mirada desdeñosa.
C1 noun /ˈtraɪ.pɒd/

tripod

trípode
Meaning
A three-legged stand used to support a camera, telescope, or other object.
Example
The photographer set up his camera on a tripod.
El fotógrafo colocó su cámara en un trípode.
C1 noun /ˌpɒməˈdɔːrəʊ/

pomodoro

pomodoro
Meaning
A time management technique that uses a timer to break down work into intervals.
Example
The Pomodoro technique improves productivity.
La técnica Pomodoro mejora la productividad.
C1 noun /ɪnˈdɪf.ər.əns/

Indifference

indiferencia; desinterés; apatía
Meaning
lack of interest, concern, or sympathy; the state of not caring about something
Example
His indifference to his studies resulted in poor grades throughout the semester.
Su indiferencia por sus estudios resultó en malas calificaciones durante todo el semestre.
C1 noun /ˈprɑːtɪstənt/

protestant

protestante
Meaning
a member of the Christian church that separated from the Roman Catholic Church during the Reformation
Example
Martin Luther was a key figure in the Protestant Reformation.
Martín Lutero fue una figura clave en la Reforma protestante.
C1 adjective /stɔːntʃ/

staunch

firme, leal
Meaning
Loyal, committed, and firm in support.
Example
She is a staunch supporter of environmental protection.
Ella es una firme defensora de la protección del medio ambiente.
C1 adjective ˌɡæs.troʊ.ɪnˈtes.tɪ.nəl

gastrointestinal

gastrointestinal
Meaning
Relating to the stomach and intestines.
Example
Spicy food can cause gastrointestinal issues.
La comida picante puede causar problemas gastrointestinales.
C1 noun /ɪnˈfjuːʒən/

infusion

infusión
Meaning
the act of introducing something into another; a drink made by steeping leaves or herbs in liquid
Example
She prepared a calming infusion of chamomile tea.
Ella preparó una infusión calmante de té de manzanilla.
C1 noun /ˈwɛlˌduːər/

well-doer

bienhechor
Meaning
A person who does good deeds; a benefactor.
Example
The community praised the well-doer for his charity.
La comunidad elogió al bienhechor por su caridad.
C1 noun /sɪr/

seer

vidente
Meaning
A person who is supposed to be able to see what will happen in the future; a prophet.
Example
The seer predicted a great change in the kingdom.
El vidente predijo un gran cambio en el reino.
C1 noun /ˈduːmz.deɪ/

Doomsday

el día del juicio final; el día del fin del mundo
Meaning
the last day of the world's existence; a time of catastrophic destruction
Example
The preacher spoke about doomsday and the importance of preparing spiritually.
El predicador habló sobre el día del juicio final y la importancia de prepararse espiritualmente.
C1 noun /dɜːrθ/

dearth

escasez
Meaning
A scarcity or lack of something.
Example
There was a dearth of food during the famine.
Hubo una escasez de comida durante la hambruna.
C1 noun /tiˈɑː.rə/

Tiara

tiara
Meaning
a jeweled ornamental crown worn on formal occasions
Example
The princess wore a sparkling diamond tiara at the royal ball.
La princesa llevó una tiara de diamantes brillantes en el baile real.
C1 verb /dɪˈzɪst/

desist

desistir
Meaning
to stop doing something, especially an action considered wrong or undesirable
Example
The judge ordered the company to desist from unfair practices.
El juez ordenó a la empresa que desistiera de prácticas injustas.
C1 verb /səˈkʌm/

succumb

sucumbir
Meaning
To give in to pressure, temptation, or illness; to yield or fail to resist.
Example
He finally succumbed to his illness after a long struggle.
Finalmente sucumbió a su enfermedad después de una larga lucha.
C1 verb /ˈsɪmjʊˌleɪt/

simulate

simular
Meaning
to imitate the appearance, character, or behavior of something; to pretend or reproduce conditions artificially
Example
The pilot had to simulate an emergency landing during training.
El piloto tuvo que simular un aterrizaje de emergencia durante el entrenamiento.
C1 verb /ˈstaɪfl/

stifle

sofocar
Meaning
to prevent or restrain an action, idea, or emotion; to suffocate
Example
She tried to stifle a laugh during the serious meeting.
Ella intentó sofocar una risa durante la reunión seria.
C1 noun prɪˌsɪp.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən

precipitation

precipitación
Meaning
Rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls to or condenses on the ground.
Example
Annual precipitation levels are decreasing.
Los niveles anuales de precipitación están disminuyendo.
C1 adjective /ˈkæl.əs/

Callous

insensible; cruel; despiadado
Meaning
showing or having an insensitive and cruel disregard for others; emotionally hardened
Example
He showed a callous disregard for others' feelings.
Él mostró un desdén calloso por los sentimientos de los demás.
C1 noun /pʌnˈdʒɑː.bi/

Punjabi

punyabi
Meaning
a traditional long shirt worn in South Asia, typically loose-fitting
Example
He wore a white punjabi for the festival celebration.
Él usó un punyabi blanco para la celebración del festival.
C1 noun /ˈves.tɪdʒ/

Vestige

vestigio
Meaning
a trace or remnant of something that is disappearing or no longer exists
Example
No vestige of the ancient city remains.
No queda ningún vestigio de la antigua ciudad.
C1 verb /bɪˈstoʊ/

bestow

otorgar
Meaning
To give or present something as a gift or honor.
Example
The king bestowed honors upon the brave soldiers.
El rey otorgó honores a los valientes soldados.
C1 noun ˈiːkəʊˌsɪstəm ˈsɜːvɪsɪz

ecosystem services

servicios ecosistémicos
Meaning
The benefits people obtain from ecosystems.
Example
Forests provide valuable ecosystem services, such as purifying air and water.
Los bosques proporcionan valiosos servicios ecosistémicos, como la purificación del aire y el agua.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈhoʊli/

Unholy

impío; perverso; profano
Meaning
wicked; sinful; profane
Example
The unholy alliance between the two companies caused public outrage.
La alianza impía entre las dos compañías causó indignación pública.
C1 adjective /klaɪˈmæktɪk/

climactic

climático
Meaning
Relating to the most exciting or important moment of something.
Example
The film ended with a climactic battle scene.
La película terminó con una escena de batalla climática.
C1 verb məˈtæb.ə.laɪz

metabolize

procesar y utilizar alimentos para el crecimiento
Meaning
Process and use food for growth and to replace tissue, or process other substances in the body.
Example
The liver helps to metabolize toxins.
El hígado ayuda a metabolizar toxinas.
C1 noun /djuːˈɛt/

duet

dúo
Meaning
a musical performance by two singers or instrumentalists
Example
They sang a beautiful duet together on stage.
Cantaron un hermoso dúo juntos en el escenario.
C1 verb /ʌnˈnɜːrv/

unnerve

perder la confianza
Meaning
to make someone lose confidence, courage, or composure
Example
The hostile questions began to unnerve the witness.
Las preguntas hostiles comenzaron a poner nervioso al testigo.