beam
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B2 noun /biːm/

beam

光線 / 梁
Meaning
a ray or shaft of light; a long piece of wood or metal used to support weight
Example
A beam of sunlight entered through the window.
一筋の光線が窓から入ってきた。
B2 adverb /ˈvɜː.tʃu.ə.li/

Virtually

実質的に; ほぼ;
Meaning
nearly; almost; in effect though not in name
Example
The building was virtually destroyed in the earthquake.
その建物は地震でほぼ破壊されました。
C2 noun /ˌɔːrnɪˈθɒlədʒɪst/

ornithologist

鳥類学者
Meaning
a scientist who studies birds
Example
The ornithologist spent years studying migratory birds.
そのオルニソロジストは渡り鳥を研究するために何年も費やしました。
C2 adjective /kənˈtraɪt/

contrite

後悔している
Meaning
feeling or showing remorse or guilt
Example
She was contrite after realizing her mistake.
彼女は自分の間違いに気づいた後、後悔していた。
C1 noun /ɡriːn ˈkəʊ.kə.nʌt/

Green Coconut

緑のココナッツ
Meaning
a young coconut with green outer shell containing refreshing coconut water
Example
We drank fresh water from a green coconut on the beach.
私たちはビーチで緑のココナッツから新鮮な水を飲みました。
B2 noun /sɪlk/

silk

絹
Meaning
a fine, smooth fabric made from the threads produced by silkworms
Example
The dress was made of pure silk.
そのドレスは純粋な絹で作られていた。
A2 noun /ˈeɪn.dʒəl/

Angel

天使
Meaning
a spiritual being believed to act as an attendant, agent, or messenger of God
Example
She looked like an angel in her white dress.
彼女は白いドレスで天使のように見えた。
C1 verb /kənˈsaɪn/

consign

委託する
Meaning
to deliver something to a person or place, often for selling or safekeeping
Example
He consigned the package to the shipping company.
彼は荷物を配送会社に委託しました。
B2 noun /ˈtʃæpəl/

chapel

チャペル
Meaning
A small church or a room used for Christian worship, often within a larger building.
Example
The couple got married in a small countryside chapel.
そのカップルは田舎の小さなチャペルで結婚しました。
B1 adverb /əˈprɒk.sɪ.mət.li/

approximately

おおよそ
Meaning
used to show that something is almost, but not completely, accurate or exact
Example
The journey takes approximately three hours.
旅行はおおよそ3時間かかります。
B2 verb, noun /sniːz/

sneeze

くしゃみをする
Meaning
to expel air involuntarily from the nose and mouth due to irritation; the act of sneezing
Example
I had to sneeze during the meeting.
会議中にくしゃみをしなければならなかった。
B2 adjective /kənˈsek.jə.tɪv/

Consecutive

連続的な
Meaning
following each other in uninterrupted succession; sequential
Example
She won three consecutive matches in the tournament.
彼女はトーナメントで3回連続して試合に勝ちました。
C1 verb /niːd/

knead

こねる
Meaning
to work dough or clay into a uniform mixture by pressing, folding, and stretching
Example
She kneads the dough until it becomes smooth.
彼女は生地を滑らかになるまでこねます。
B2 verb əˈpɔɪn.tɪd

appointed

任命された
Meaning
Assign a job or role to someone; designate someone to a position.
Example
Appointed officials carry significant responsibilities.
任命された職員は重要な責任を負います。
B2 noun /ˈvɪɡ.ər/

Vigour

身体的な力と健康; 努力、エネルギー、熱意
Meaning
physical strength and good health; effort, energy, and enthusiasm
Example
She approached her work with renewed vigour after the vacation.
休暇後、彼女は新たな活力で仕事に取り組みました。
C2 noun /ˈnɛkrəˌmænsi/

necromancy

死霊術
Meaning
the practice of communicating with the dead, often to predict the future
Example
Ancient texts described rituals of necromancy performed by priests.
古代の文献には、神父たちによって行われた死霊術の儀式が記述されています。
C2 verb /ˈsɪbəleɪt/

sibilate

シューという音で発音する
Meaning
To pronounce with a hissing sound.
Example
The actor sibilated his lines for dramatic effect.
俳優はドラマチックな効果のためにセリフをシューという音で発音しました。
C2 noun /ɪnˈtɛɡ.jʊ.mənt/

integument

外皮
Meaning
A natural outer covering, such as skin, shell, or rind.
Example
The snake sheds its integument as it grows.
ヘビは成長するにつれて外皮を脱ぎます。
B2 noun /sərˈkʌmfərəns/

circumference

円周
Meaning
the distance around the edge of a circle
Example
The teacher asked us to calculate the circumference of the circle.
先生は私たちに円周の長さを計算するように頼みました。
C2 noun/verb /ˈlɛv.ən/

leaven

発酵剤
Meaning
a substance, typically yeast, that causes dough to rise; to permeate and modify
Example
A little yeast will leaven the bread dough.
少しのイーストがパン生地を膨らませる。
B2 verb /ˈaɪ.sə.leɪt/

isolate

隔離する
Meaning
To separate something or someone from others.
Example
Doctors tried to isolate the patient to prevent the spread of infection.
医師たちは感染の拡大を防ぐために患者を隔離しようとしました。
B2 noun /meɪz/

Maize

トウモロコシ
Meaning
a tall cereal plant bearing large grains on a cob; corn
Example
Farmers in the region grow maize as their primary crop for both food and animal feed.
この地域の農家は、食料と動物の餌の両方としてトウモロコシを主要な作物として育てています。
C2 verb /dɪsˈɡɔːrdʒ/

disgorge

嘔吐, 排出
Meaning
to discharge or pour out; to vomit; to give up reluctantly
Example
The broken pipe disgorged water all over the floor.
壊れたパイプが床全体に水を吐き出しました。
C2 verb /əˈmælɡəmeɪt/

amalgamate

合併する
Meaning
to combine or unite to form one organization or structure; to merge
Example
The two companies decided to amalgamate their operations.
二つの会社は運営を合併することを決定しました。
B2 verb /ʃrɪŋk/

shrink

縮む
Meaning
to become smaller in size; to draw back in fear
Example
The sweater shrank after washing in hot water.
セーターは熱い水で洗った後、縮んだ。
C2 noun /ˈlɪtərdʒi/

liturgy

典礼
Meaning
A form or formulary according to which public religious worship is conducted.
Example
The priest followed the liturgy during the Sunday mass.
司祭は日曜日のミサで典礼に従いました。
C1 noun /ˈɪmɪdʒəri/

imagery

イメージ
Meaning
visually descriptive or figurative language, especially in a literary work
Example
The poet's use of imagery brought the scene to life.
詩人のイメージの使用は、シーンに命を吹き込みました。
C2 noun/adjective /ˈtraɪkʌlər/

tricolor

三色旗
Meaning
A flag with three colors; consisting of three colors.
Example
The French tricolor is one of the most famous national flags in the world.
フランスの三色旗は世界で最も有名な国旗の一つです。
C2 adjective /əˌnækrəˈnɪstɪk/

anachronistic

時代錯誤の
Meaning
belonging to a period other than that being portrayed; old-fashioned or outdated
Example
His views on gender roles are considered anachronistic.
彼の性別役割に関する見解は時代遅れと見なされている。
A2 noun ˈbæl.əns

balance

バランス
Meaning
A condition in which different elements are equal or in the correct proportions.
Example
Balance among powers prevents conflicts.
権力のバランスは対立を防ぎます。
A2 noun /ˈsɪŋ.ər/

Singer

歌手
Meaning
a person who sings, especially as a job or profession
Example
The singer performed beautifully at the concert last night.
そのシンガーは昨晩のコンサートで素晴らしいパフォーマンスをしました。
C2 noun /ˌjuːnɪˈtɛəriən/

unitarian

ユニタリアン
Meaning
A person who believes that God exists as one entity rather than as a Trinity; a member of a religious denomination that emphasizes individual freedom of belief.
Example
The Unitarian church is known for its inclusive and open-minded approach.
ユニタリアン教会は、その包括的で開かれた考え方で知られています。
C2 noun /ˈlɪtɪɡənt/

litigant

訴訟当事者
Meaning
a person involved in a lawsuit
Example
The court summoned both litigants for the hearing.
裁判所は両方の訴訟当事者を公聴会に召喚した。
B2 adjective ˈstrʌktʃərd

structured

構造化
Meaning
Having a clear organization or framework; systematically arranged.
Example
A structured execution plan is crucial for success.
構造化された実行計画は成功にとって重要です。
C1 adjective ˈriːdʒən spəˈsɪfɪk

region-specific

地域特有
Meaning
Relating to or characteristic of a particular region or area.
Example
Climate change impacts are region-specific.
気候変動の影響は地域特有です。
C1 verb /dɪˈtɛst/

detest

嫌う
Meaning
To dislike intensely or hate.
Example
I detest waking up early on weekends.
私は週末に早起きするのが嫌いです。
B2 noun /ˈsteɪdiəm/

stadium

Meaning
a large structure with seating for sports, concerts, or other events
Example
Thousands of fans filled the stadium to watch the final match.
C2 noun /ˌɛpɪˈdɜːrmɪs/

epidermis

皮膚の外層
Meaning
the outer layer of cells covering the body of an organism, especially the skin
Example
The epidermis protects the body from harmful bacteria.
エピデルミスは有害な細菌から体を守ります。
C2 noun /dʒɔːnt/

jaunt

短い旅行
Meaning
A short journey or excursion, usually taken for pleasure.
Example
They went on a weekend jaunt to the countryside.
彼らは週末に田舎へ短い旅行に行きました。
C2 adjective /ˌluː.mɪˈnɛs.ənt/

luminescent

発光する
Meaning
Emitting light without heat, glowing softly.
Example
The luminescent watch dial was visible in the dark.
その発光する時計のダイヤルは暗闇の中で見えました。
A2 verb /eɪm/

aim

狙う
Meaning
to direct a weapon, object, or effort at a target; to intend or plan
Example
He aimed the ball at the goal.
彼はゴールに向かってボールを狙った。
C1 adjective /ˌæntiˈsleɪvəri/

antislavery

奴隷制度反対
Meaning
Opposed to the practice or system of slavery.
Example
The antislavery movement gained momentum in the 19th century.
奴隷制度反対運動は19世紀に勢いを増した。
C1 noun /rɪdʒ/

ridge

山の稜線または頂上
Meaning
a long, narrow hilltop, mountain range, or raised strip
Example
We walked along the mountain ridge.
私たちは山脈の稜線に沿って歩きました。
C2 noun /mɪˌsɛdʒəˈneɪʃən/

miscegenation

人種間結婚
Meaning
the interbreeding of people considered to be of different racial types
Example
The law once prohibited miscegenation in many countries.
その法律は多くの国で人種間結婚を禁じていました。
C1 noun /haɪˈpɜːrbəli/

hyperbole

誇張法
Meaning
Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.
Example
Saying 'I’m so hungry I could eat a horse' is a classic example of hyperbole.
'私は馬を食べることができるほどお腹がすいている' は誇張法の典型的な例です。
C2 verb /ʌpˈhiːv/

upheave

持ち上げる
Meaning
to lift or raise something forcefully; to cause to rise suddenly
Example
The workers had to upheave the heavy stone to clear the path.
作業員たちは道を清掃するために重い石を持ち上げなければならなかった。
C1 noun /rɪˈspɒndənt/

respondent

回答者
Meaning
A person who replies to something, especially in a survey or legal case
Example
The survey had over 1,000 respondents.
調査には1000人以上の回答者がいました。
C2 noun /ˈdrækmə/

drachma

ドラクマ
Meaning
The basic monetary unit of Greece before the adoption of the euro.
Example
The old coin collection included a silver drachma.
古いコインのコレクションには銀のドラクマが含まれていました。
B2 verb /stɑːv/

starve

飢え死に
Meaning
to suffer or die from lack of food
Example
He was left to starve in the desert.
彼は砂漠で飢え死にするために放置された。
C2 noun /ˌmæskəˈreɪd/

masquerade

人々が仮面と衣装を着て集まるパーティー
Meaning
a party or gathering where people wear masks and costumes; a false outward show
Example
The charity event was held as a grand masquerade.
チャリティイベントは大きなマスカレードとして開催されました。
C1 noun /ˈleɪ.dəl/

Ladle

おたま
Meaning
a large deep spoon with a long handle, used for serving soup or other liquids
Example
Use the ladle to serve the hot soup into bowls.
熱いスープをボウルに注ぐためにおたまを使ってください。
C1 adjective /ˌdɪsɪnˈdʒɛnjʊəs/

disingenuous

不誠実な
Meaning
not candid or sincere; giving a false appearance of honesty or openness
Example
She gave a disingenuous excuse for missing the meeting.
彼女は会議に出席しないために不誠実な言い訳をしました。
A1 noun /raɪs/

Rice

ご飯
Meaning
a cereal grain that is a staple food in many countries
Example
We eat rice with curry for dinner.
私たちは夕食にカレーと一緒にご飯を食べます。
C1 noun /dɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/

Deficiency

不足; 欠乏; 不足感
Meaning
a lack or shortage of something; inadequacy or insufficiency
Example
The doctor diagnosed a vitamin D deficiency in the patient's blood test.
医師は患者の血液検査でビタミンDの不足を診断しました。
C1 noun /noʊm/

gnome

ノーム
Meaning
a small mythical creature, often depicted as a bearded man living underground; also a figurine used in gardens
Example
The garden was decorated with a gnome statue.
庭にはノームの像が飾られていました。
A1 adjective /ˈfʌn.i/

Funny

面白い; 変な; おかしい;
Meaning
humorous; strange; amusing;
Example
He told a funny joke that made everyone laugh.
彼はみんなを笑わせた面白いジョークを言いました。
B2 noun/verb /swɔːrm/

swarm

群れ
Meaning
A large group of insects or people moving together.
Example
A swarm of bees surrounded the tree.
一群の蜂が木の周りを囲んでいました。
C2 adjective /sɛnˈtɛnʃəs/

sententious

道徳的な; 道徳的に説教する
Meaning
Given to moralizing in a pompous or affected manner.
Example
His sententious remarks annoyed the audience.
彼の道徳的なコメントは観客をイライラさせた。
B2 adjective /ˌʌnrɪˈzɒlvd/

unresolved

未解決の
Meaning
not solved or settled; remaining undecided or unclear
Example
The dispute remains unresolved despite several meetings.
その問題は何度も会議をしたにもかかわらず未解決のままだ。
B2 noun /əˈkaʊntɪŋ/

accounting

会計
Meaning
the process of recording, summarizing, and reporting financial transactions
Example
She works in the accounting department of a large firm.
彼女は大手企業の会計部門で働いています。
A2 adverb /fɔːrˈɛvər/

forever

永遠
Meaning
For all future time; for always.
Example
She promised to love him forever.
彼女は永遠に彼を愛すると約束した。
C2 noun /ˌtɜːdʒɪvərˈseɪʃən/

tergiversation

回避, 二重性
Meaning
Evasion of straightforward action or speech; changing sides or being inconsistent.
Example
The politician’s tergiversation frustrated his supporters.
その政治家のタージヴァーセイションは彼の支持者を失望させた。
C1 noun /ˈpoʊʃən/

potion

薬の飲み物
Meaning
a liquid with healing, magical, or poisonous properties
Example
The witch gave the hero a healing potion.
魔女はヒーローに治療用のポーションを渡しました。
A2 noun /əˈlɪmpɪks/

olympics

オリンピック競技大会
Meaning
an international sports competition held every four years with athletes from many countries
Example
The Olympics bring athletes from all over the world together.
オリンピックは世界中のアスリートを一堂に集めます。
A2 noun /smɔːl boʊl/

Small bowl

小さなボウル
Meaning
a round, shallow container of small size used for serving food or liquids
Example
She served the soup in a small bowl.
彼女は小さなボウルにスープを盛りました。
C1 adjective /dæft/

daft

ばか
Meaning
Silly or foolish.
Example
It was a daft idea to go hiking without water.
水なしでハイキングに行くのはばかげた考えでした。
A2 noun /ˈtɛlɪfəʊn/

telephone

電話
Meaning
a system for transmitting voices over a distance using wire or radio, typically for communication.
Example
I need to make a telephone call to my friend.
友達に電話をかけなければならない。
C1 noun /ˈfɔɪeɪr/

foyer

ロビー
Meaning
An entrance hall or lobby in a building.
Example
The guests waited in the hotel foyer before checking in.
ゲストはチェックインする前にホテルのロビーで待っていました。
B1 noun /ˈæs.pekt/

aspect

側面
Meaning
A particular part, feature, or view of something.
Example
One important aspect of health is regular exercise.
健康の重要な側面は定期的な運動です。
C2 adjective /ˈdɛsəlˌtɔːri/

desultory

無秩序な
Meaning
lacking a clear plan, purpose, or enthusiasm
Example
His desultory conversation bored the audience.
彼の無秩序な会話は観客を退屈させた。
C1 adjective ʌnˈwɔːr.rən.tɪd

unwarranted

不当な
Meaning
Not justified or necessary; without good reason.
Example
His anger toward the staff was completely unwarranted.
スタッフに対する彼の怒りは完全に不当でした。
A1 noun /ɡlæs/

Glass

グラス
Meaning
a drinking container made of glass; hard transparent material
Example
He drank a glass of cold water after the workout.
彼はトレーニング後に冷たい水を一杯飲みました。
B2 verb /ɪmˈpaʊər/

empower

Meaning
To give someone the power or authority to do something; to make someone stronger or more confident.
Example
Education can empower people to improve their lives.
C2 noun /ˌfɔːrɔːrdɪˈneɪʃən/

foreordination

予定
Meaning
the act of determining something in advance; predestination
Example
The doctrine of foreordination suggests that events are fixed by divine will.
予定説の教義は、出来事は神の意志によって定められていると示唆しています。
C1 noun /ˈpɔːpər/

pauper

乞食人
Meaning
A very poor person.
Example
The pauper begged for food on the street corner.
その乞食人は街角で食べ物を求めていた。
B2 noun /ˌkovuːɪɡˈzɪs.təns/

Co-existence

共存
Meaning
the state of existing together at the same time or in the same place; peaceful cohabitation
Example
The peaceful co-existence of different cultures makes this city unique.
異なる文化の平和的共存がこの都市をユニークにしています。
C1 verb /ˈæbdɪkeɪt/

abdicate

放棄する
Meaning
To give up a position of power or responsibility, especially a throne.
Example
The king decided to abdicate the throne.
王は王位を放棄することに決めました。
A2 adjective /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

coming

来る
Meaning
approaching or happening soon
Example
We are preparing for the coming festival.
私たちは来る祭りの準備をしています。
C2 noun /ˈsɪnjuː/

sinew

腱
Meaning
A tendon; figuratively, the source of strength, power, or resilience.
Example
The sinews in his arms stood out as he lifted the heavy box.
重い箱を持ち上げると、彼の腕の腱が目立ちました。
C1 noun /ˈkɔːkəs/

caucus

政治的集会
Meaning
A meeting of members of a political party to select candidates or decide policy.
Example
The party held a caucus to nominate their candidate for president.
党は大統領候補者を指名するために集会を開いた。
C1 adjective /ˈfrɪdʒɪd/

Frigid

凍てつく; 寒い
Meaning
extremely cold; freezing; icy
Example
The frigid weather made it difficult to go outside.
冷たい天気で外に出るのが難しかった。
B1 verb /splɪt/

split

分ける
Meaning
to divide or separate into parts or groups
Example
He split the log in two with an axe.
彼は斧で丸太を二つに割った。
C2 verb /əbˈhɔːr/

abhor

嫌悪する
Meaning
to regard with disgust and hatred
Example
She abhors cruelty to animals.
彼女は動物への残酷さを嫌悪しています。
B1 noun /ˈtʃɛərˌwʊmən/

chairwoman

女性議長
Meaning
a woman who presides over a meeting, committee, or organization; a female leader of a board or council
Example
She was elected chairwoman of the company after years of experience.
彼女は長年の経験の後、その会社の女性議長に選ばれた。
B1 adjective /ˌel.ɪˈmen.tər.i/

Elementary

初歩的; 基本的
Meaning
basic; fundamental; primary level
Example
He learned elementary mathematics in school.
彼は学校で初歩的な数学を学んだ。
B2 adjective /ˌmænˈmeɪd/

manmade

人工の
Meaning
something created or built by humans rather than occurring naturally
Example
This lake is manmade, not natural.
この湖は人工のもので、自然のものではありません。
C1 noun /ˌdɛtəˈneɪʃən/

detonation

爆発
Meaning
The act of exploding or causing something to explode.
Example
The sudden detonation shook the entire building.
突然の爆発が建物全体を揺さぶった。
C2 adjective /ˌɪmpɪˈkjuːniəs/

impecunious

貧乏
Meaning
Having little or no money; poor.
Example
He grew up in an impecunious family.
彼は貧乏な家族で育ちました。
B2 adjective /dɪˈprɛst/

depressed

落ち込んでいる
Meaning
Feeling very sad and without hope; in a state of unhappiness.
Example
She felt depressed after losing her job.
彼女は仕事を失った後、落ち込んでいました。
C2 noun /dɪˈprævɪti/

depravity

堕落
Meaning
moral corruption; wickedness
Example
The film portrays the moral depravity of a corrupt society.
その映画は腐敗した社会の道徳的堕落を描いています。
C2 verb /ˈʌndərˌraɪt/

underwrite

Meaning
To guarantee financial support, especially by agreeing to cover losses or risks; in insurance, to assess and accept risks.
Example
The bank agreed to underwrite the company's new bond issue.
C2 noun /ˈhɜːrmɪtɪdʒ/

hermitage

隠遁所
Meaning
A secluded residence or retreat, often for a hermit or religious recluse.
Example
The monk spent years in a hermitage deep in the forest.
その僧侶は森の奥深くの隠遁所で数年間を過ごしました。
A2 verb /rɪŋ/

ring

鳴る
Meaning
to make a clear sound like a bell; to call by telephone
Example
The bell rings every hour.
鐘は毎時鳴る。
B2 adjective ˌkæt.əˈstrɑː.fɪk

catastrophic

破壊的, 壊滅的
Meaning
Involving or causing sudden great damage or suffering.
Example
Climate change has catastrophic consequences.
気候変動は破滅的な影響を及ぼします。
B2 adjective /ˈkwɔːrtərli/

Quarterly

四半期ごと
Meaning
occurring every three months; relating to a quarter of a year
Example
The company publishes quarterly reports to shareholders.
会社は株主に四半期ごとの報告書を発行します。
C1 adjective /ɑːrˈkeɪɪk/

archaic

Meaning
very old or old-fashioned; belonging to an earlier time
Example
Some laws are considered archaic and no longer relevant.
C2 noun /pəˈlɛmɪk/

polemic

論争的な攻撃
Meaning
a strong verbal or written attack on someone or something
Example
The article was a fierce polemic against the government's policies.
その記事は政府の政策に対する激しい論争的な攻撃でした。
C1 verb /ˈɛnərˌdʒaɪz/

energize

活性化する
Meaning
To give energy or vitality to something or someone.
Example
The motivational speech helped energize the team.
モチベーションスピーチはチームを活性化するのに役立ちました。
B2 noun draʊt

drought

干ばつ
Meaning
A prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall; a shortage of water.
Example
Drought impacts crop growth significantly.
干ばつは作物の成長に大きな影響を与えます。
A2 adjective /ˈɔːfəl/

awful

ひどい
Meaning
very bad or unpleasant
Example
The weather was awful during our trip.
旅行中、天気はひどかった。
C1 adjective /freɪl/

frail

脆弱
Meaning
Physically weak and delicate.
Example
The old man was too frail to walk without help.
その高齢者は助けなしでは歩けないほど脆弱だった。
B1 noun /nɛt/

net

網
Meaning
a piece of material made of threads or ropes woven together, used to catch or hold things
Example
The fisherman cast his net into the sea.
漁師は網を海に投げた。
C1 adverb ɪnˈtrɪn.zɪ.kli

intrinsically

本質的に
Meaning
In a way that is naturally or inherently part of something's essential nature.
Example
Some people are intrinsically motivated to learn.
いくつかの人々は本質的に学ぶことに動機づけられている。
C1 verb /slɪŋ/

sling

投げる、掛ける
Meaning
to throw or hang something roughly or carelessly
Example
He slung his bag over his shoulder before leaving.
彼は出発前に肩にバッグをかけた。
B2 noun /er/

Heir

相続人
Meaning
a person legally entitled to the property or rank of another on that person's death
Example
The young prince was the rightful heir to the throne and would become king someday.
若い王子は王位の正当な相続人であり、いつか王になるでしょう。
B1 adjective /ˈjuːnɪfɔːrm/

Uniform

制服
Meaning
consistent; identical; standardized
Example
All students must wear a uniform to school.
すべての学生は学校で制服を着なければなりません。
B2 verb /kənˈstreɪn/

constrain

制限する
Meaning
to limit or restrict someone or something; to force or compel
Example
The new regulations constrain businesses from polluting the environment.
新しい規制は企業が環境を汚染するのを制限しています。
A1 preposition/conjunction /ʌnˈtɪl/

until

まで
Meaning
up to the time of
Example
I will wait until you come back.
私はあなたが戻るまで待ちます。
C1 noun /rɪˈspɒnsɪvnəs/

responsiveness

反応性
Meaning
The quality of reacting quickly and positively
Example
The manager appreciated her responsiveness to customer feedback.
マネージャーは彼女の顧客からのフィードバックに対する反応性を評価しました。
C2 noun /ˈsɛpəlˌtʃər/

Sepulture

墓; 埋葬;
Meaning
the act of burying a dead body; burial; a grave or tomb
Example
The ancient king's sepulture was discovered by archaeologists.
古代の王のセパルチャーは考古学者によって発見されました。
A2 noun /prəˈdʌkʃən/

production

制作
Meaning
the process of manufacturing or creating something
Example
The production of this film took over a year.
この映画の制作には1年以上かかりました。
C1 adjective /ˈbɔɪstərəs/

boisterous

騒々しい
Meaning
noisy, energetic, and cheerful; rowdy
Example
The children were boisterous during the birthday party.
誕生日パーティーで子供たちは騒々しかった。
B1 verb /əˈtɛmpt/

attempt

Meaning
to make an effort to achieve or complete something difficult
Example
He attempted to climb the mountain despite the bad weather.
C1 noun /trʌsˈtiː/

trustee

受託者
Meaning
a person who holds or manages property or assets for the benefit of others
Example
She was appointed as the trustee of the family estate.
彼女は家族の財産の受託者に任命された。
C2 noun /kɒnˌtek.stʃu.ə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/

contextualization

コンテキスト化
Meaning
The process of placing something in its proper context or setting to understand it better.
Example
Contextualization of historical events helps students understand them better.
歴史的な出来事のコンテキスト化は、学生がそれらをよりよく理解するのに役立ちます。
B2 adjective /ˈkɒŋ.kriːt/

Concrete

固体; 実際; 目に見える; 具体的
Meaning
solid; real; tangible; actual and specific
Example
We need concrete evidence to support our claims.
私たちは私たちの主張を支持するために具体的な証拠が必要です。
C1 adjective /ˈstrɛnjuəs/

strenuous

厳しい
Meaning
Requiring or using great effort and energy.
Example
Climbing the mountain was a strenuous task.
山登りは厳しい仕事だった。
C2 noun /ˈɪl.i.æd/

iliad

イリアス
Meaning
An ancient Greek epic poem attributed to Homer, describing the events of the Trojan War.
Example
Students studied the Iliad to understand Greek mythology and heroism.
学生たちはイリアスを学び、ギリシャ神話と英雄主義を理解しました。
B1 noun /ˈprəʊ.tiːnz/

proteins

たんぱく質
Meaning
Large biomolecules consisting of amino acids that perform essential functions in living organisms, including building and repairing tissues.
Example
Lean meats and legumes provide high-quality proteins.
Lean meats and legumes provide high-quality proteins.
C2 verb /dʒɛˈstɪkjʊleɪt/

gesticulate

ジェスチキュレート
Meaning
to use gestures, especially dramatic ones, instead of speaking or to emphasize one's words
Example
He gesticulated wildly to get their attention.
彼は彼らの注意を引くために激しくジェスチャーをしていた。
C2 noun /ˈkæʒuɪstri/

casuistry

詭弁
Meaning
The use of clever but false reasoning, especially in relation to moral questions.
Example
The lawyer’s argument was dismissed as mere casuistry.
弁護士の主張は単なる詭弁として退けられました。