Vocabulaires

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noun C1
/ˈpraɪməsi/
优先权 (yōuxiānquán)

the state of being first in importance or authority

"The primacy of education cannot be denied."

"教育的优先权不可否认。" (Jiàoyù de yōuxiānquán bù kě fǒrèn.)
adjective C1
/ˈpraɪ.məl/
原始的, 基本的 (yuánshǐ de, jīběn de)

Relating to the earliest stage of development; essential or fundamental.

"Fear is one of the most primal emotions humans experience."

"恐惧是人类体验的最原始的情感之一。" (Kǒngjù shì rénlèi tǐyàn de zuì yuánshǐ de qínggǎn zhī yī.)
noun C1
/ˈpraɪ.meɪt/
灵长类动物, 类人猿 (língzhǎnglèi dòngwù, lèirényuán)

A member of the group of animals including humans, apes, and monkeys.

"Humans are classified as primates."

"人类被归类为灵长类动物。" (Rénlèi bèi guīlèi wéi língzhǎnglèi dòngwù.)
noun C1
/ˈpraɪ.mər/ (US), /ˈprɪm.ər/ (UK)
入门书籍,底漆 (rùmén shūjí, dǐqī)

A basic introductory book or a substance used to prepare a surface for painting.

"He read a primer on programming before starting his course."

"他在开始他的课程之前,阅读了一本编程入门书籍。" (Tā zài kāishǐ tā de kèchéng zhīqián, yuèdúle yī běn biānchéng rùmén shūjí.)
adjective C1
/praɪˈmiːvəl/
原始 (yuánshǐ)

Relating to the earliest ages in history; ancient and primitive.

"The explorers ventured into the primeval forest untouched by humans."

"探险者进入了未曾被人类触及的原始森林。" (Tànxiǎn zhě jìnrùle wèi céng bèi rénlèi chùjí de yuánshǐ sēnlín.)
adjective C1
/praɪˈmɔːrdiəl/
原始的 (yuánshǐ de)

Existing at or from the beginning of time; fundamental and original.

"Scientists study the primordial soup from which life emerged."

"科学家研究了原始汤,生命由此诞生。" (Kēxuéjiā yánjiūle yuánshǐ tāng, shēngmìng yóu cǐ dànshēng.)
adjective C1
/ˈprɪnsəpəld/
有原则的 (yǒu yuánzé de)

acting in accordance with moral or ethical standards

"He is a principled leader who always puts honesty first."

"他是一个有原则的领导,总是把诚实放在第一位。" (Tā shì yīgè yǒu yuánzé de lǐngdǎo, zǒng shì bǎ chéngshí fàng zài dì yī wèi.)
prioritization definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
ˌpraɪɔːrɪtaɪˈzeɪʃən
优先排序 (youxian paixu)

The action or process of deciding the relative importance or urgency of things.

"Effective prioritization ensures resources are used efficiently."

"有效的优先排序确保资源得到有效利用。" (Yǒuxiào de yōuxiān pàixù quèbǎo zīyuán dédào yǒuxiào lìyòng.)
pristine definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
/ˈprɪstiːn/

In its original condition; unspoiled, clean, and fresh.

"The hikers were amazed by the pristine beauty of the untouched forest."

privatization definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˌpraɪvətəˈzeɪʃən/
私有化 (siyouhua)

the process of transferring ownership of a business, industry, or service from the public sector to the private sector

"The privatization of the public transportation system has led to better efficiency."

"公共交通系统的私有化带来了更高的效率。" (Gonggong jiaotong xitong de siyouhua dailai le geng gao de xiaolü.)
adjective C1
/ˈprɪvi/
秘密知识 (mìmì zhīshì)

having access to secret or private knowledge

"She was privy to the confidential discussions."

"她知道机密讨论。" (Tā zhīdào jīmì tǎolùn.)
proactive leadership definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˌprəʊˈæk.tɪv ˈliː.də.ʃɪp/
积极领导 (jiji lingdao)

Leadership that takes initiative and anticipates problems before they occur, rather than reacting to events.

"Proactive leadership ensures timely decisions."

"积极领导确保及时的决策。" (Jī jí lǐng dǎo què bǎo jí shí de jué cè.)
proactive saving definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
proʊˈæktɪv ˈseɪvɪŋ
主动储蓄 (zhǔ dòng chǔ xù)

Actively planning and setting aside money in advance to prepare for future financial needs

"Proactive saving ensures financial stability in old age."

"主动储蓄确保了老年时期的财务稳定。" (Zhu dong chu xu que bao le lao nian shi qi de cai wu wen ding.)
probabilistic definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
ˌprɒb.ə.bɪˈlɪs.tɪk
基于概率 (gàilǜ de)

Based on probability; involving chance or statistical likelihood.

"The model follows a probabilistic approach to predictions."

"该模型采用概率方法进行预测。" (Gāi móxíng cǎiyòng gàilǜ fāngfǎ jìnxíng yùcè.)
noun C1
/ˈproʊbeɪt/
遗嘱认证 (yízhǔ rènzhèng)

the official proving of a will in a court of law

"The family had to go through probate after his death."

"家人必须在他去世后通过遗嘱认证程序。" (Jiārén bìxū zài tā qùshì hòu tōngguò yízhǔ rènzhèng chéngxù.)
probiotic definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
ˌprəʊ.baɪˈɒt.ɪk
有益的细菌 (youyi de xijun)

Live microorganisms that provide health benefits when consumed in adequate amounts.

"Yogurt is a natural source of probiotics that aid digestion."

"酸奶是益生菌的天然来源,有助于消化。" (Suannai shi yishengjun de tianran laiyuan, youzhuyu xiaohua.)
probiotics definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˌprəʊ.baɪˈɒt.ɪks/
益生菌 (yì shēng jūn)

Live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer health benefits to the host, especially for digestive health.

"Probiotics improve digestion and enhance gut health."

"益生菌有助于改善消化并增强肠道健康。" (Yì shēng jūn yǒu zhù yú gǎi shàn xiāo huà bìng zēng qiáng cháng dào jiàn kāng.)
adjective C1
/prəˈsiːdʒərəl/
程序性的 (chéngxùxìng de)

Relating to an established or official way of doing something; concerned with procedure.

"The committee followed the procedural rules strictly."

"委员会严格遵循程序规则。" (Wěiyuánhuì yángé zūnxún chéngxù guīzé.)
proceeds definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˈprəʊsiːdz/
收入 (shouru)

money obtained from an event, activity, or sale

"The proceeds from the charity event were donated to the orphanage."

"慈善活动的收入被捐赠给了孤儿院。" (Cishan huodong de shouru bei juanzeng gei le gu'er yuan.)
process stability definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
ˈprəʊses stəˈbɪlɪti
过程稳定性 (guòchéng wěndìng xìng)

The consistency and steadiness of biological or functional processes

"Cold air ensures process stability in plants."

"冷空气确保植物的过程稳定性。" (Lěng kōngqì quèbǎo zhíwù de guòchéng wěndìng xìng.)
Proclamation definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˌprɒkləˈmeɪʃən/
公告 (gonggao)

an official public announcement made by a person in authority

"The king issued a proclamation declaring the new law."

"国王发布了宣布新法律的公告。" (Guowang fabule xuanchu xin falu de gonggao.)
procrastinate definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb C1
/prəˈkræs.tɪ.neɪt/

to delay doing something, often unnecessarily or habitually

"He tends to procrastinate instead of finishing his assignments on time."

procrastination definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/prəˌkræs.tɪˈneɪ.ʃən/
拖延 (tuō yán)

the act of delaying or postponing something

"Procrastination often leads to unnecessary stress before deadlines."

"拖延症常常导致在截止日期前产生不必要的压力。" (Tuō yán zhèng chángcháng dǎozhì zài jiézhǐ rìqī qián chǎnshēng bù bìyào de yālì.)
noun C1
/ˈprɒk.tər/
监考员 (jiān kǎo yuán)

a person who supervises students during an examination

"The proctor reminded students to keep their phones switched off."

"监考员提醒学生关闭手机。" (jiān kǎo yuán tíxǐng xuéshēng guānbì shǒujī.)
verb C1
/prəˈkjʊər/
采购 (caigou)

to obtain something, especially with effort or difficulty

"They managed to procure enough supplies for the expedition."

"他们设法为远征筹集到足够的物资。" (Tāmen shèfǎ wèi yuǎnzhēng chóují dào zúgòu de wùzī.)
procurement definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/prəˈkjʊə.mənt/
采购 (caigou)

the process of obtaining goods or services, often for business or government

"The company focuses on the efficient procurement of raw materials."

"公司专注于原材料的高效采购。" (Gōngsī zhuānzhù yú yuán cáiliào de gāoxiào cǎigòu.)
verb C1
/prɒd/
(tui)

to poke or push someone or something with a finger, foot, or pointed object

"She prodded him in the arm to get his attention."

"她用手肘轻轻推了推他,引起了他的注意。" (Ta yong shouzhou qingqing tui le tui ta, yinqi le ta de zhuyi.)
prodigal definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
/ˈprɒdɪɡəl/
挥霍无度 (huīhuò wúdù)

spending money or resources freely and recklessly; wastefully extravagant

"The prodigal son returned home after wasting his inheritance."

"浪子回头,回到家中,在浪费了遗产之后。" (Làngzǐ huítóu, huídào jiāzhōng, zài làngfèi le yíchǎn zhīhòu.)
adjective C1
/prəˈdɪdʒəs/
惊人的 (jing ren de)

remarkably or impressively great in extent, size, or degree

"The team made a prodigious effort to complete the project on time."

"团队为按时完成项目做出了惊人的努力。" (Tuan dui wei an shi wan cheng xiang mu zuo chu le jing ren de nu li.)
noun C1
/ˈprɒdɪdʒi/
神童 (shéntóng)

a person, especially a young one, with exceptional talents or abilities

"Mozart was a child prodigy in music."

"莫扎特是一个音乐神童。" (Mozart shì yīgè yīnyuè shéntóng.)
adjective C1
/prəˈfeɪn/
亵渎的,不敬的 (xièdú de, bù jìng de)

showing disrespect or contempt for sacred things; irreverent or vulgar

"His jokes were considered too profane for the ceremony."

"他的笑话被认为是太亵渎仪式了。" (tā de xiàohuà bèi rènwéi shì tài xièdú yíshì le.)
profess definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb C1
/prəˈfes/
宣称 (xuancheng)

to declare or claim openly; to state one's belief

"He professes his love for classical music."

"他宣称自己热爱古典音乐。" (Ta xuancheng ziji reai gudian yinyue)
verb C1
/ˈprɒfər/
提供,呈现 (tígōng, chéngxiàn)

to offer something for acceptance; to present

"She proffered her hand as a sign of friendship."

"她伸出手作为友谊的象征。" (Tā shēn chū shǒu zuòwéi yǒuyì de xiàngzhēng.)
profitability definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
ˌprɒf.ɪ.təˈbɪl.ɪ.ti
盈利能力 (yingli nengli)

The degree to which a business or activity yields profit or financial gain.

"Increasing sales and reducing costs boosted profitability."

"增加销售并减少成本提高了盈利能力。" (Zengjia xiaoshou bing jianshao chengben tigao le yingli nengli.)
noun C1
/ˌprɑːfɪˈtɪr/
牟取暴利者 (móu qǔ bào lì zhě)

a person who makes excessive profits, especially unfairly or illegally

"The government punished war profiteers."

"政府惩罚了战争的牟取暴利者。" (Zhèngfǔ chéngfá le zhànzhēng de móu qǔ bào lì zhě.)
profound initiative definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
prəˈfaʊnd ɪˈnɪʃətɪv
深远的倡议 (shēnyuǎn de chàngyì)

A deep, meaningful, and significant action or program designed to create change.

"A profound initiative can create sustainable changes."

"一个深刻的倡议可以创造可持续的变化。" (Yī gè shēnkè de chàngyì kěyǐ chuàngzào kěchíxù de biànhuà.)
adjective C1
/prəˈfjuːs/
丰富的 (fēngfù de)

existing or given in large amounts; abundant

"He offered profuse thanks for their timely help."

"他为他们及时的帮助表示了丰富的感谢。" (Tā wèi tāmen jíshí de bāngzhù biǎoshìle fēngfù de gǎnxiè.)
progeny definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˈprɒdʒəni/
后代 (hòudài)

A descendant or offspring; children or future generations.

"The scientist was proud of the intellectual achievements of his progeny."

"科学家为自己后代的智力成就感到骄傲。" (Kēxuéjiā wèi zìjǐ hòudài de zhìlì chéngjiù gǎndào jiāo'ào.)
noun C1
/prɒɡˈnoʊsɪs/
预后 (yùhòu)

A forecast of the likely outcome of a disease or situation.

"The doctor gave a positive prognosis for the patient's recovery."

"医生给出了患者康复的积极预后。" (Yīshēng gěi chūle huànzhě kāngfù de jījí yùhòu.)
prohibitive definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
/prəˈhɪbɪtɪv/
过高的 (guò gāo de)

Too high or expensive to be affordable; serving to prevent or discourage action.

"The cost of the medication is prohibitive for many families."

"药物的费用对于许多家庭来说是过高的。" (Yàowù de fèiyòng duìyú xǔduō jiātíng lái shuō shì guò gāo de.)
noun C1
/prəˈdʒɛktaɪl/
弹丸 (dànwán)

An object fired, thrown, or propelled, especially from a weapon.

"The soldier dodged the incoming projectile."

"士兵躲过了来袭的弹丸。" (Shìbīng duǒguòle láixí de dànwán.)
noun, adjective C1
/ˌproʊlɪˈtɛəriən/
无产阶级 (wúchǎn jiējí)

Relating to the working class, especially those who do not own property.

"The movement was rooted in proletarian struggles."

"这场运动根植于无产阶级的斗争中。" (Zhè chǎng yùndòng gēnzhí yú wúchǎn jiējí de dòuzhēng zhōng.)
proliferate definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb C1
/prəˈlɪfəreɪt/
扩散 (kuò sàn)

To increase rapidly in number or spread quickly.

"Social media has allowed misinformation to proliferate."

"社交媒体让虚假信息迅速传播。" (Shèjiāo méitǐ ràng xūjiǎ xìnxī xùnsù chuánbō.)
proliferation definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/prəˌlɪfəˈreɪʃən/
激增,扩展 (jizeng, kuozhan)

A rapid increase or spread of something, especially in number or amount.

"The proliferation of smartphones has changed the way we communicate."

"智能手机的普及改变了我们沟通的方式。" (Zhìnéng shǒujī de pǔjí gǎibiànle wǒmen gōutōng de fāngshì.)
prolific definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
/prəˈlɪfɪk/
高产的 (gāo chǎn de)

producing many works, results, or offspring; highly productive

"She is a prolific writer who publishes several books a year."

"她是一个高产的作家,每年出版几本书。" (Tā shì yīgè gāo chǎn de zuòjiā, měi nián chūbǎn jǐ běn shū.)
noun C1
/ˈprəʊ.lɒɡ/
序言 (xuyan)

an introduction to a book, play, or event

"The novel begins with a short prologue set in the past."

"这本小说以一段设定在过去的简短序言开始。" (Zhe ben xiaoshuo yi yiduan sheding zai guoqu de jianduan xuyan kaishi.)
noun, verb C1
/ˌprɒməˈneɪd/
散步 (sanbu)

A leisurely walk or stroll, especially in a public place for pleasure or display.

"They went for a promenade along the seaside."

"他们在海边散步。" (Tāmen zài hǎibiān sànbù.)
noun C1
/ˈprɒmɪnəns/
声望 (shengwang)

The state of being important, famous, or easily noticed.

"Her work gained prominence after the award."

"她的工作在获奖后获得了声望。" (Ta de gongzuo zai huojiang hou huodele shengwang.)
adjective C1
/prəˈmɪskjuəs/
放荡 (fàngdàng)

Having or showing a casual and unselective approach, often used to describe indiscriminate sexual relationships.

"The novel depicts a character with a promiscuous lifestyle."

"这本小说描述了一个过着放荡生活方式的角色。" (Zhè běn xiǎoshuō miáoshùle yīgè guòzhe fàngdàng shēnghuó fāngshì de juésè.)
verb C1
/ˈpruːfˌriːd/
校对 (jiàoduì)

to read written material and mark any errors

"She proofread the report before submission."

"她在提交前校对了报告。" (Tā zài tíjiāo qián jiàoduì le bàogào.)