Vocabulaires

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debilitating definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
/dɪˈbɪlɪteɪtɪŋ/
ослабляющий (oslablyayushchiy)

causing serious weakness or incapacity

"He suffers from a debilitating disease."

"Он страдает от ослабляющей болезни." (On stradayet ot oslablyayushchey bolezni.)
debunk definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb C1
/diːˈbʌŋk/

To expose the falseness or exaggeration of a claim, myth, or belief.

"The scientist worked to debunk the myths about vaccines."

decadence definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˈdek.ə.dəns/
декаданс (dekadans)

Moral or cultural decline characterized by excessive indulgence in pleasure or luxury.

"The novel describes the decadence of the wealthy elite."

"Роман описывает декаданс богатой элиты." (Roman opisivayet dekadans bogatoy elity.)
decadent definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
/ˈdɛkədənt/
декадент, роскошный (dekadent, roskoshnyy)

Characterized by or reflecting a state of moral or cultural decline; excessively self-indulgent.

"The party was filled with decadent luxury and excess."

"Вечеринка была наполнена декадентским роскошью и излишеством." (Vecherinka byla napolnena dekadentskim roskosh'yu i izlishestvom.)
Deceit definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/dɪˈsiːt/
обман (obman)

The act of deceiving someone by concealing or misrepresenting the truth.

"His career was ruined by lies and deceit."

"Его карьера была разрушена ложью и обманом." (Yego kariyera byla razrushena lozh'yu i obmanom.)
deceitful definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
/dɪˈsiːtfəl/
обманчивый (obmanchivyy)

Deliberately misleading or dishonest.

"She gave a deceitful answer to hide the truth."

"Она дала лживый ответ, чтобы скрыть правду." (Ona dala lzhivyy otvet, chtoby skryt pravdu.)
decelerate definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb C1
/dɪˈsɛləˌreɪt/
замедлить (zamedlit)

to reduce speed; to slow down

"The car began to decelerate as it approached the traffic light."

"Машина начала замедляться, когда она подошла к светофору." (Mashina nachala zamedlyatsya, kogda ona podoshla k svetoforu.)
decentralization definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/diːˌsen.trə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/
децентрализация; распределение власти (detsentralizatsiya; raspredelenie vlasti)

the transfer of authority from central to local government; distribution of power

"The decentralization of government services improved efficiency at the local level."

"Децентрализация государственных услуг повысила эффективность на местном уровне." (Detsentralizatsiya gosudarstvennykh uslug povysila effektivity na mestnom urovne.)
decentralized definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
/diːˈsɛntrəlaɪzd/
децентрализованный (detsentralizovannyi)

Controlled by several local offices or authorities rather than one single one.

"The decentralized system allowed for more control at local levels."

"Децентрализованная система позволила больший контроль на местном уровне." (Detsentralizovannaya sistema pozvolila bol'shiy kontrol' na mestnom urovne.)
noun C1
/ˈdɛsɪˌbɛl/
децибел (detsibel)

a unit used to measure the intensity of sound

"The noise level in the factory exceeded 90 decibels."

"Уровень шума на заводе превысил 90 децибелов." (Uroven' shuma na zavode prevysil 90 detsibelov.)
deciduous definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
/dɪˈsɪdʒuəs/
лиственный (listvennyj)

trees or plants that shed their leaves annually

"Maple trees are deciduous and lose their leaves in autumn."

"Кленовые деревья являются лиственными и теряют свои листья осенью." (Klenovye derev'ya yavlyayutsya listvennymi i teryayut svoi list'ya osenyu.)
decimate definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb C1
/ˈdɛsɪmeɪt/
уничтожить (unichtozhit)

To destroy or kill a large proportion of something.

"The wildfire decimated the forest."

"Лесной пожар уничтожил лес." (Lesnoy pozhar unichtozhil les.)
decimation definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˌdɛsɪˈmeɪʃən/
истребление (istreblenie)

The act of destroying or killing a large proportion of something.

"The decimation of the city left thousands homeless."

"Истребление города оставило тысячи бездомных." (Istreblenie goroda ostavilo tysyachi bezdomnykh.)
decipher definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb C1
/dɪˈsaɪfər/

To make sense of something difficult to read or understand; to decode.

"She managed to decipher the old handwritten letter."

decisiveness definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
dɪˈsʌɪsɪvnɪs
способность принимать решения (sposobnost' prinimat' resheniya)

The ability to make decisions quickly and effectively.

"His decisiveness during the crisis saved the company."

"Его решительность в кризисной ситуации спасла компанию." (Ego reshitel'nost' v krizisnoy situatsii spasla kompaniyu.)
declarative definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
/dɪˈklærətɪv/
утвердительный (utverditel'nyy)

relating to a statement that declares something; in grammar, a sentence that makes a statement

"A declarative sentence simply states a fact or opinion."

"Утвердительное предложение просто излагает факт или мнение." (Utverditel'noye predlozheniye prosto izlagaet fakt ili mneniye)
decode definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb C1
/diːˈkoʊd/
расшифровать (rasshifrovat)

to convert a coded message into a readable form; to interpret meaning

"The software can decode the hidden message within seconds."

"Программное обеспечение может расшифровать скрытое сообщение за несколько секунд." (Programmnoye obespecheniye mozhet rasshifrovat skrytoye soobshcheniye za neskol'ko sekund.)
decomposition definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˌdiː.kɒmpəˈzɪʃən/
разложение (razlozhenie)

the process of decaying or breaking down into simpler parts

"The decomposition of leaves enriches the soil."

"Разложение листьев обогащает почву." (Razlozhenie listev obogashchaet pochvu.)
decompress definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb C1
/ˌdiː.kəmˈprɛs/
расслабляться (rasslablyatsya)

To relax and recover from stress or pressure.

"Taking deep breaths helps to decompress after a stressful day."

"Глубокое дыхание помогает расслабиться после напряжённого дня." (Glubokoe dykhaniye pomogaet rasslablyat'sya posle napryazhonnogo dnya.)
Decorum definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/dɪˈkɔːrəm/
декорум (dekorum)

behavior in keeping with good taste and propriety

"The students maintained decorum during the ceremony."

"Студенты сохраняли декорум во время церемонии." (Studenty sokhranyali dekorum vo vremya tseremonii.)
decoy definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun/verb C1
/ˈdiːkɔɪ/
приманка (primanka)

something or someone used to lure or mislead

"The hunters used a wooden duck as a decoy."

"Охотники использовали деревянную утку как приманку." (Okhotniki ispol'zovali derevyannuyu utku kak primanku.)
Decree definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun/verb C1
/dɪˈkriː/
указ (ukaz)

an official order or command, often by authority

"The king issued a decree banning hunting in the forest."

"Король издал указ, запрещающий охоту в лесу." (Korol' izdal ukaz, zapreshchayushchiy okhotu v lesu.)
verb C1
/dɪˈkraɪ/
осуждать (osuzhdat)

to publicly criticize or express strong disapproval of something

"Many activists decry the destruction of the rainforest."

"Многие активисты осуждают уничтожение тропических лесов." (Mnogie aktivisty osuzhdayut unichtozhenie tropicheskikh lesov.)
decryption definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/dɪˈkrɪp.ʃən/
дешифровка (deshifrovka)

The process of converting encrypted information back to its original form

"Decryption of sensitive files requires a secure key."

"Расшифровка конфиденциальных файлов требует безопасного ключа." (Rasshifrovka konfidentsial'nykh faylov trebuyet bezopasnogo klyucha.)
verb C1
/dɪˈdjuːs/
делать вывод (delat' vyvod)

to reach a conclusion by reasoning or inference

"From the evidence, the detective deduced that the suspect was lying."

"Из доказательств детектив сделал вывод, что подозреваемый лгал." (Iz dokazatel'stv detektiv sdelal vyvod, chto podozrevaemyy lgal.)
deem definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb C1
/diːm/
считать, оценивать (schitat', otsenivat')

to regard or consider in a specified way

"The project was deemed a success by the board."

"Проект был признан успешным советом." (Proyekt byl prizan uspeshnym sovetom.)
deface definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb C1
/dɪˈfeɪs/
искажать (iskazhat)

to spoil the surface or appearance of something, especially by writing or drawing on it

"The vandals defaced the wall with graffiti."

"Вандалы изуродовали стену граффити." (Vandaly izurodovali stenu grafiti.)
defamation definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˌdɛfəˈmeɪʃən/
клевета (kleveta)

the act of damaging someone's reputation by making false statements

"The newspaper was sued for defamation of character."

"Газета была подана в суд за клевету." (Gazeta byla podana v sud za klevetu.)
defame definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb C1
/dɪˈfeɪm/
оклеветать (oklevetat)

to harm someone's reputation by spreading false information

"He was defamed by malicious rumors."

"Он был очернен злонамеренными слухами." (On byl ochernyon zlonamerenymi slukhami.)
defeatist definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun, adjective C1
/dɪˈfiːtɪst/
поражени́ческий (porazhenicheskiy)

A person who expects or is excessively ready to accept failure; showing a tendency to expect defeat.

"His defeatist attitude discouraged the rest of the team."

"Его пораженческое отношение обескуражило остальных членов команды." (Ego porazhencheskoe otnoshenie obeskurazhilo ostal'nykh chlenov komandy.)
defection definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/dɪˈfɛkʃən/
дефекция (defekciya)

The act of abandoning one’s country, cause, or group in favor of another.

"The politician’s defection shocked his supporters."

"Дефекция политика шокировала его сторонников." (Defekciya politika shokirovala ego storonnikov.)
Defendant definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/dɪˈfɛndənt/
обвиняемый (obvinyaemyy)

An individual, company, or institution sued or accused in a court of law.

"The defendant pleaded not guilty to the charges."

"Обвиняемый не признал себя виновным по обвинениям." (Obvinyayemyy ne priznalsya sebya vinovnym po obvineniyam.)
defensible definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
/dɪˈfɛnsəbəl/
защищаемый / оправданный (zashchishchaemyy / opravdannyy)

Capable of being protected against attack or criticism; justifiable.

"Her decision was legally defensible."

"Ее решение было юридически защищаемым." (Eyo reshenie bylo yuridicheski zashchishchayemym.)
deference definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˈdɛfərəns/
почтение (pochtenie)

Polite submission or respect for someone else's opinion or judgment.

"She showed great deference to her elders."

"Она проявила большое почтение к своим старшим." (Ona proyavila bol'shoe pochtenie k svoim starshim.)
defiance definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/dɪˈfaɪəns/
неповиновение (nepovinoveniye)

Open resistance or bold disobedience.

"The protest was an act of defiance against injustice."

"Протест был актом неповиновения против несправедливости." (Protest byl aktom nepovinoveniya protiv nespravedlivosti.)
Defiant definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
/dɪˈfaɪ.ənt/
непокорный (nepokornyy)

showing open resistance or bold disobedience

"The child was defiant when told to clean his room."

"Ребёнок был непокорным, когда ему сказали убраться в своей комнате." (Rebyonok byl nepokornym, kogda yemu skazali ubrat'sya v svoey komnate.)
Deficiency definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/dɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/
дефицит (defitsit)

a lack or shortage of something that is necessary

"The doctor diagnosed him with a vitamin D deficiency."

"Врач поставил ему диагноз дефицита витамина D." (Vrach postavil yemu diangnoz defitsita vitamina D.)
Deficient definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
/dɪˈfɪʃ.ənt/
дефицитный (defitsitnyy)

not having enough of something that is essential

"The soil is deficient in nutrients."

"Почва бедна питательными веществами." (Pochva bedna pitatel'nymi veshchestvami.)
defile definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb C1
/dɪˈfaɪl/
осквернять (oskvernyat)

to pollute, corrupt, or make dirty

"The river was defiled by industrial waste."

"Река была осквернена промышленными отходами." (Reka byla oskvernena promyshlennymi otkhodami.)
deflation definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
dɪˈfleɪʃən
дефляция (deflyatsiya)

Reduction of the general level of prices in an economy.

"Deflation often leads to decreased consumer spending."

"Дефляция часто приводит к снижению потребительских расходов." (Deflyatsiya chasto privodit k snizheniyu potrebitelskih rashodov)
deflect definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb C1
/dɪˈflɛkt/
отклонять / избегать (otklonyat / izbegat)

to cause something to change direction; to avoid answering directly

"The shield deflected the incoming arrow."

"Щит отклонил вражескую стрелу." (Schit otklonil vrazhestvuyu strelu.)
verb C1
/diːˈfɒrɪst/
обезлесить (deforest)

to clear an area of trees, usually on a large scale

"The region has been heavily deforested for agriculture."

"Регион сильно обезлесен ради сельского хозяйства." (Region silno obezlesen radi selskogo khozyaystva)
deform definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb C1
/dɪˈfɔːrm/
деформировать (deformirovat)

to change the normal shape or structure of something by twisting or distorting it

"Excessive heat can deform plastic containers."

"Избыточное тепло может деформировать пластиковые контейнеры." (Izbytochnoe teplo mozhet deformirovat' plastikovye konteynery.)
Deformity definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/dɪˈfɔːrməti/
деформация (deformiti)

an abnormality or distortion in the shape or structure of a body part

"The child was born with a minor hand deformity."

"У ребенка родилась небольшой деформация руки." (U rebenka rodilas nebolshaya deformatsiya ruki)
defraud definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb C1
/dɪˈfrɔːd/
обмануть (obmanut)

to illegally take money or valuables from someone by deception

"The company was accused of trying to defraud investors."

"Компания была обвинена в попытке обмануть инвесторов." (Kompaniya byla obvinena v popytke obmanut' investorov.)
deft definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
/dɛft/
ловкий (lovkiy)

Demonstrating skill and cleverness in movement or action.

"The pianist's deft fingers moved across the keys with ease."

"Ловкие пальцы пианиста легко двигались по клавишам." (Lovkie pal'tsy pianista legko dvizhilis' po klavisham.)
defunct definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
/dɪˈfʌŋkt/
неработающий, исчезнувший (nerabotayushchiy, ischeznavshiy)

No longer existing, operating, or functioning.

"The company became defunct after the financial crisis."

"Компания стала дефектной после финансового кризиса." (Kompaniya stala defektnoy posle finansovogo krizisa.)
defuse definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb C1
/diːˈfjuːz/
обезвредить (defyuz)

To make a situation less dangerous, tense, or explosive; to remove a fuse from a bomb.

"The negotiator helped defuse the tense situation."

"Переговорщик помог разрядить напряжённую обстановку." (Peregorovshchik pomog razryadit napryazhyonnuyu obstanovku.)
degenerate definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb/adjective C1
/dɪˈdʒɛnəreɪt/
деградировать (degradirovat)

To decline or deteriorate in quality, character, or condition; or someone with low moral standards.

"The once thriving empire began to degenerate into chaos."

"Некогда процветающая империя начала деградировать в хаос." (Nekogda protsvetayushchaya imperiya nachala degradirovat' v khaos.)
degeneration definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
ˌdɪdʒɪˈnɛəreɪʃən
деградация (degradatsiya)

The process of decline or deterioration in structure or function.

"The degeneration of brain cells leads to cognitive decline."

"Деградация клеток мозга ведет к когнитивному упадку." (Degradatsiya kletok mozga vedet k kognitivnomu upadku.)