Vocabulaires

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noun C1
/stɛntʃ/
दुर्गंध (durgandh)

A very strong and unpleasant smell.

"The stench of garbage filled the alley."

"कचरे की दुर्गंध ने गली को भर दिया।" (kachre ki durgandh ne gali ko bhar diya.)
noun C1
/ˈstɛnsəl/
स्टेंसिल (stencil)

A thin sheet of material with a design cut out, used to produce the design on the surface below by applying paint or ink through the cut-out holes.

"The artist used a stencil to paint identical stars on the wall."

"कलाकार ने दीवार पर समान सितारे बनाने के लिए एक स्टेंसिल का उपयोग किया।" (Kalakar ne deewaar par samaan sitaare banane ke liye ek stencil ka upyog kiya.)
stents definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/stents/
स्टेंट्स (stents)

Small mesh tubes used to treat narrow or blocked arteries.

"Stents were successfully placed using robotic techniques."

"स्टेंट्स को रोबोटिक तकनीकों का उपयोग करके सफलतापूर्वक रखा गया।" (stents ko robotic takneekon ka upyog karke safaltapoorvak rakha gaya.)
adjective C1
/ˈstɛriəˌtaɪpt/
स्थिर धारणाओं वाला (sthir dharanayon wala)

Conforming to a fixed or oversimplified idea of what someone or something is like.

"His stereotyped jokes failed to impress the audience."

"उसके स्थिर धारणाओं वाले चुटकुले दर्शकों को प्रभावित करने में विफल रहे।" (Uske sthir dharanayon wale chutkule darshakon ko prabhavit karne mein vefal rahe.)
stereotyping definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˈstɛə.rɪ.əʊˌtaɪ.pɪŋ/
सामान्यीकरण (samanikaran)

A widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.

"Stereotyping people based on their race is harmful."

"लोगों को उनके नस्ल के आधार पर सामान्यीकरण करना हानिकारक है।" (Logon ko unke nasl ke aadhar par samanikaran karna hanikarak hai.)
adjective C1
/ˈstɛr.aɪl/
निर्विष (nirvish)

Free from bacteria or other living microorganisms; incapable of producing offspring.

"The surgeon worked in a sterile environment to avoid infection."

"सर्जन ने संक्रमण से बचने के लिए एक निर्बिष वातावरण में काम किया।" (Sarjan ne sankraman se bachne ke liye ek nirvish vatavaran mein kaam kiya.)
noun/adjective C1
/ˈstɜː.lɪŋ/
ब्रिटिश मुद्रा / उत्कृष्ट (british mudra / utkṛṣṭ)

British money, especially pounds; of excellent quality.

"She was praised for her sterling work on the project."

"उसकी परियोजना पर उत्कृष्ट काम के लिए उसे सराहा गया।" (Uski pariyojana par utkṛṣṭ kām ke liye use sarāhā gayā.)
noun C1
/ˈstɪklər/
नियमों के प्रति कठोर व्यक्ति (niyamon ke prati kathor vyakti)

a person who insists on a certain quality or standard of behavior

"He is a stickler for punctuality and never tolerates delays."

"वह समय की पाबंदी के लिए बहुत सख्त हैं और देरी को बर्दाश्त नहीं करते।" (vah samay ki pabandi ke liye bahut sakht hain aur deri ko bardaasht nahin karte)
verb C1
/ˈstaɪfl/
दबाना (dabana)

to prevent or restrain an action, idea, or emotion; to suffocate

"She tried to stifle a laugh during the serious meeting."

"वह गंभीर बैठक के दौरान हंसी दबाने की कोशिश कर रही थी।" (Vah gambhir baithak ke dauran hansi dabane ki koshish kar rahi thi.)
verb C1
/ˈstaɪfəld/
दबाना (dabaana)

to suppress, hold back, or prevent something from happening

"He stifled a laugh during the serious meeting."

"उसने गंभीर बैठक के दौरान हंसी को दबा लिया।" (Usne gambhir baithak ke dauran hansi ko daba liya.)
stigma definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˈstɪɡmə/
कलंक (kalank)

a mark of shame or disgrace associated with a particular circumstance or quality

"There is still a stigma around mental health issues in many societies."

"कई समाजों में मानसिक स्वास्थ्य समस्याओं के चारों ओर कलंक है।" (Kai samajon mein mansik swasthya samasyaon ke charon or kalank hai.)
verb C1
/ˈstɪɡmətaɪz/
कलंकित करना (kalankit karna)

to describe or regard someone as worthy of disgrace or disapproval

"People with certain illnesses are often unfairly stigmatized."

"कुछ बिमारियों से ग्रसित लोगों को अक्सर अनुचित तरीके से कलंकित किया जाता है।" (Kuch bimariyon se grasit logon ko aksar anuchit tareeke se kalankit kiya jata hai.)
noun C1
/stɪˈlɛtoʊ/
पतला हिल जूता / छोटा छुरा (patla hil joota / chhota chhura)

A small, thin, high-heeled shoe or a dagger with a slender blade.

"She wore elegant stiletto heels to the party."

"उसने पार्टी में शानदार स्टिलेटो हील्स पहने थे।" (Usne party mein shandaar stiletto heels pehne the.)
adjective C1
/ˈstɪltɪd/
कृत्रिम, अस्वाभाविक (kritrim, asvabhavik)

Speech or writing that is stiff, unnatural, or overly formal.

"His speech sounded stilted and rehearsed."

"उसका भाषण कृत्रिम और तैयार किया हुआ लग रहा था।" (Uska bhashan kritrim aur tayar kiya hua lag raha tha.)
noun C1
/ˈstɪmjʊlənt/
उत्तेजक पदार्थ (uttejak padarth)

A substance that raises levels of physiological or nervous activity in the body.

"Coffee is a common stimulant that helps people stay awake."

"कॉफ़ी एक सामान्य उत्तेजक पदार्थ है जो लोगों को जागते रहने में मदद करता है" (Coffee ek samanya uttejak padarth hai jo logon ko jagte rehne mein madad karta hai)
stimuli definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun (plural of stimulus) C1
/ˈstɪm.jʊ.laɪ/
प्रेरक (prerak)

Things or events that evoke a specific functional reaction in an organ or tissue.

"Bright lights and loud noises are strong stimuli for the brain."

"चमकीली रोशनी और तेज आवाज़ें मस्तिष्क के लिए शक्तिशाली प्रेरक हैं।" (Chamkili roshni aur tez aawazein mastishk ke liye shaktishali prerak hain.)
adjective C1
/ˈstɪndʒi/
कंजूस (kanjoos)

unwilling to spend or give; miserly

"He is too stingy to buy a gift for his friend."

"वह अपने दोस्त के लिए तोहफा खरीदने के लिए बहुत कंजूस है।" (Vah apne dost ke liye tohfah kharidne ke liye bahut kanjoos hai.)
stint definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/stɪnt/
अल्पकालिक कार्य (alpkalik kary)

a period of time spent doing a particular job or activity

"She did a short stint as a teacher before moving abroad."

"उसने विदेश जाने से पहले एक छोटी सी शिक्षिका की नौकरी की।" (Usne videsh jane se pehle ek chhoti si shikshika ki naukri ki.)
verb C1
/ˈstɪntɪŋ/
कंजूसी से देना (kanjoosi se dena)

to supply sparingly or with restrictions

"He never stinting his efforts to help the poor."

"वह गरीबों की मदद करने में कभी भी कंजूसी नहीं करता।" (Wah gareebon ki madad karne mein kabhi bhi kanjoosi nahi karta.)
Stipend definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˈstaɪpɛnd/
भत्ता (bhatta)

a fixed regular payment, usually for services or to cover living expenses

"The university provides a monthly stipend to its research students."

"विश्वविद्यालय अपने शोध छात्रों को मासिक भत्ता प्रदान करता है।" (Vishwavidyalay apne shodh chatron ko masik bhatta pradan karta hai.)
stipulate definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb C1
/ˈstɪp.jʊ.leɪt/
शर्त निर्धारित करना (short nirdharit karna)

to demand or specify a condition in an agreement or contract

"The contract stipulates that payment must be made within 30 days."

"कंट्रैक्ट में कहा गया है कि भुगतान 30 दिनों के भीतर किया जाना चाहिए।" (contract mein kaha gaya hai ki bhugtan 30 dino ke bheetar kiya jana chahiye.)
adjective C1
/ˈstɒdʒi/
नीरस, उबाऊ (neeras, ubaoo)

Dull, uninspired, or old-fashioned; also heavy and hard to digest when referring to food.

"The lecture was so stodgy that many students struggled to stay awake."

"व्याख्यान इतना नीरस था कि कई छात्रों को जगते रहना मुश्किल हो रहा था।" (Vyakhyan itna neeras tha ki kai chhatron ko jagte rehna mushkil ho raha tha.)
adjective C1
/ˈstoʊɪk/
निष्कलंक, भावनाहीन (nishkalaṅk, bhāvanāhīn)

Showing little or no emotion, even in difficult situations.

"She remained stoic during the crisis, never showing fear or panic."

"वह संकट के दौरान निष्कलंक रही, कभी भी डर या घबराहट नहीं दिखाई।" (vah saṅkaṭ ke daurān nishkalaṅk rahī, kabhī bhī ḍar yā ghabarāhaṭ nahīṁ dikhāī.)
stoicism definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˈstoʊɪˌsɪzəm/
धैर्य, सहिष्णुता (dhairya, sahishnuta)

The endurance of pain or hardship without showing feelings or complaining.

"He faced the loss of his job with remarkable stoicism."

"उसने अपनी नौकरी खोने को असाधारण धैर्य के साथ सहा।" (Usne apni naukri khone ko asadharan dhairya ke saath saha.)
verb C1
/stoʊk/
आग में ईंधन डालना; गुस्सा या भावना को बढ़ावा देना (aag mein indhan dalna; gussa ya bhavna ko badhava dena)

To add fuel to a fire; to encourage or increase a strong feeling or activity.

"The politician’s speech stoked anger among the crowd."

"राजनेता का भाषण भीड़ के बीच गुस्सा बढ़ा दिया।" (Rajneeta ka bhashan bheed ke beech gussa badha diya.)
verb C1
/ˈstoʊnwɔːl/
अवरोध करना (avrodh karna)

To delay or block progress by refusing to cooperate or answer

"The witness tried to stonewall during the investigation."

"साक्षी ने जांच के दौरान अवरोध करने की कोशिश की।" (Sakshi ne janch ke dauran avrodh karne ki koshish ki.)
verb/noun C1
/stuːp/
सुख (sukh)

To bend one's body forward and downward; also a small porch or staircase at the entrance of a house

"He had to stoop to pick up the coin."

"जब उसे पुरस्कार मिला, तो वह अपनी खुशी को छिपा नहीं सकी।" (Jab use puraskar mila, to wah apni khushi ko chhupa nahi saki.)
stoppage definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˈstɒpɪdʒ/
रोक; अवरुद्ध होना (rok; avaruddh hona)

The act of stopping or ceasing; a halt in operation or activity

"The sudden stoppage of the train caused delays for all passengers."

"ट्रेन का अचानक रुकना सभी यात्रियों के लिए देरी का कारण बना।" (Train ka achanak rukna sabhi yatrion ke liye deri ka karan bana.)
noun C1
/ˈstɔːrhaʊs/
भंडारगृह (bhandargrih)

A place where goods, supplies, or valuables are stored; a repository

"The warehouse acted as a storehouse for all the imported goods."

"गोदाम सभी आयातित सामानों के लिए एक स्टोरहाउस के रूप में कार्य करता था।" (Godam sabhi aayatit saamanon ke liye ek storehouse ke roop mein kary karta tha.)
storm intensification definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
stɔːrm ɪnˌtensɪfɪˈkeɪʃən
आंधी की तीव्रता में वृद्धि (aandhi ki teevrata mein vruddhi)

The process by which storms become stronger and more severe in intensity.

"Storm intensification is linked to climate change."

"आंधी की तीव्रता में वृद्धि जलवायु परिवर्तन से जुड़ी हुई है।" (Aandhi ki teevrata mein vruddhi jalvayu parivartan se judhi hui hai.)
noun C1
/ˈstoʊəˌweɪ/
छुपा यात्री (chhupa yatri)

A person who hides on a ship, plane, or other vehicle in order to travel secretly without paying.

"The crew discovered a stowaway hiding in the cargo hold."

"दल ने एक छुपे हुए यात्री को कार्गो होल्ड में छिपते हुए पाया।" (Dal ne ek chhupe hue yatri ko cargo hold mein chhupte hue paaya.)
Strainer definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˈstreɪnər/
छानने वाला (chhanne wala)

a device having holes punched in it or made of crossed wires for separating solid matter from a liquid

"Use a strainer to drain the pasta water."

"पास्ता पानी को छानने के लिए एक छानने वाला उपयोग करें।" (pasta pani ko chhanne ke liye ek chhanne wala upyog karein.)
noun C1
/streɪt/
संकरे जलसंधि (sankare jalsandhi)

A narrow passage of water connecting two seas or two large areas of water.

"The Strait of Gibraltar connects the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea."

"जिब्राल्टर जलसंधि अटलांटिक महासागर और भूमध्यसागरीय सागर को जोड़ती है।" (Jibraltar jalsandhi Atalantik mahasagar aur bhumadhyasagriya sagar ko jodti hai.)
strand definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun, verb C1
/strænd/
सूत्र / फंसा (sootra / fansa)

Noun: A single thin length of thread, wire, or similar. Verb: To leave someone or something without a way of moving or leaving.

"The storm stranded many tourists on the island."

"आंधी ने कई पर्यटकों को द्वीप पर फंसा दिया।" (Aandhi ne kai paryatak ko dweep par fansa diya.)
strategic insights definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/strəˈtiː.dʒɪk ˈɪn.saɪts/
रणनीतिक समझ (ranneetik samajh)

Deep understanding and wisdom gained through careful analysis for planning purposes.

"Strategic insights guide policymaking."

"रणनीतिक समझ नीति निर्माण में मार्गदर्शन करती है।" (Ranneetik samajh niti nirman mein maargdarshan karti hai.)
stratified definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
/ˈstrætɪfaɪd/
स्तरीकृत (streekrit)

arranged or classified in layers or strata

"Society in the past was highly stratified based on class and wealth."

"पूर्व में समाज वर्ग और धन के आधार पर काफी स्तरीकृत था।" (purv mein samaj varg aur dhan ke aadhaar par kaafi streekrit tha)
verb C1
/ˈstrætɪfaɪ/
स्तरीकरण करना (starikaran karna)

to arrange or divide into layers, classes, or categories

"The researchers plan to stratify the data based on age groups."

"शोधकर्ता डेटा को उम्र समूहों के आधार पर स्तरीकरण करने की योजना बना रहे हैं।" (Shodhkarta data ko umr samuhon ke aadhar par starikaran karne ki yojana bana rahe hain.)
stratosphere definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
ˈstræt.ə.sfɪər
समताप मंडल (samataap mandal)

The layer of the earth's atmosphere above the troposphere, extending to about 50 km above the earth's surface.

"The stratosphere provides a unique environment."

"समताप मंडल एक अनोखा वातावरण प्रदान करता है।" (samataap mandal ek anokha vatavaran pradan karta hai.)
noun C1
/ˈstrɑːtəm/
स्तर (star)

a layer or level of material, or a social class in society

"The upper stratum of society enjoyed privileges not available to others."

"समाज के उच्च वर्ग के लोग ऐसी विशेषताएँ प्राप्त करते थे जो दूसरों को उपलब्ध नहीं थीं।" (Samaj ke uchch varg ke log aisi visheshataen prapt karte the jo dusron ko upalabdh nahi thin.)
streamline definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb C1
/ˈstriːm.laɪn/
सरल बनाना (sarl banana)

To make something more efficient by simplifying or eliminating unnecessary steps.

"The company is streamlining its processes."

"कंपनी अपने प्रक्रियाओं को सरल बना रही है।" (Company apne prakriyaon ko saral bana rahi hai.)
streamlining definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb C1
/ˈstriːmlaɪnɪŋ/
सरलीकरण (saralīkaraṇ)

The process of making an organization or system more efficient by simplifying or eliminating unnecessary steps

"Streamlining processes can significantly reduce operational costs."

"प्रक्रियाओं को सरल बनाना परिचालन लागत को महत्वपूर्ण रूप से घटा सकता है।" (Prakriyāoṅ ko saral banānā parichālan lāgat ko mahatvapūrṇ rūp se ghaṭā sakta hai.)
adjective C1
/ˈstrɛnjuəs/
कठिन (kathin)

Requiring or using great effort and energy.

"Climbing the mountain was a strenuous task."

"पहाड़ चढ़ना एक कठिन कार्य था।" (Pahaad chadhna ek kathin kaary tha.)
verb C1
/struː/
बिखेरना (bikherna)

to scatter or spread things untidily over a surface or area

"Clothes were strewn across the floor."

"कपड़े फर्श पर फैले हुए थे।" (Kapde farsh par phailay hue the.)
adjective C1
/ˈstraɪ.dənt/
कर्कश, तेज़ आवाज़ (karkash, tez awaaz)

loud and harsh; presenting a point of view in a forceful way

"His strident voice made the debate uncomfortable."

"उसकी कर्कश आवाज़ ने बहस को असहज बना दिया।" (Uski karkash awaaz ne bahas ko asahaj bana diya.)
noun C1
/straɪf/
संघर्ष, कलह (sangharsh, kalah)

angry or violent conflict; struggle or discord

"The region has been torn apart by political strife."

"क्षेत्र राजनीतिक संघर्ष से फटा हुआ है।" (kshetra rajneetik sangharsh se fata hua hai.)
adjective C1
/ˈstrɪndʒənt/
कठोर (kathor)

strict, precise, and exacting

"The government imposed stringent measures during the crisis."

"सरकार ने संकट के दौरान कठोर उपाय लागू किए।" (Sarkar ne sankat ke dauran kathor upay lagu kiye.)
strut definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb C1
/strʌt/
गर्व से चलना (garv se chalna)

to walk with a stiff, proud, and confident gait, often to show off

"He strutted across the stage after winning the award."

"वह पुरस्कार जीतने के बाद मंच पर गर्व से चल रहा था।" (Woh puraskaar jeetne ke baad manch par garv se chal raha tha.)
adjective C1
/ˈstʌm.pi/
मुंह चपटा और मोटा (munh chapta aur mota)

short and thick; having a short, thick appearance

"The stumpy little dog wagged its tail enthusiastically."

"वो छोटा सा मोटा कुत्ता खुशी से अपनी पूंछ हिला रहा था।" (vo chhota sa mota kutta khushi se apni poonch hila raha tha)
adjective C1
/stjuːˈpɛndəs/
असाधारण (asadharan)

extremely impressive; amazing in size, degree, or excellence

"The magician’s performance was simply stupendous."

"जादूगर का प्रदर्शन सचमुच असाधारण था।" (Jadugar ka pradarshan sachmuch asadharan tha.)
noun C1
/ˈstjuːpər/
मूर्छा (moorchha)

a state of near-unconsciousness or insensibility

"He remained in a stupor after hearing the shocking news."

"वह चौंकाने वाली खबर सुनने के बाद मूर्छित हो गया था।" (Wah chaunkaane waali khabar sunne ke baad moorchhit ho gaya tha.)