Vocabulaires

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counterpoint definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˈkaʊntərˌpɔɪnt/
対比点 (taibi ten)

an argument, idea, or theme contrasting with another; also a musical term for independent melody

"Her calm attitude was a counterpoint to his anger."

"彼女の落ち着いた態度は彼の怒りの対比点だった。" (Kanojo no ochitsuita taido wa kare no ikari no taibi ten datta.)
counterproductive definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
/ˌkaʊntərprəˈdʌktɪv/
逆効果の (gyakukouka no)

having the opposite of the desired effect; harmful to achieving goals

"Skipping breakfast is counterproductive to your energy levels."

"朝食を抜くことはエネルギーレベルに逆効果です。" (Choushoku wo nuku koto wa enerugii reberu ni gyakukouka desu.)
countryman definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˈkʌntrɪmən/
同国人 (doukokujin)

a person from one's own country or rural area

"He was proud to meet a fellow countryman at the international conference."

"彼は国際会議で同国人に会えて誇りに思った。" (Kare wa kokusai kaigi de doukokujin ni aete hokori ni omotta.)
coup definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/kuː/
クーデター (kūdetā)

a sudden, decisive action that brings about a change, especially in government

"The military staged a coup to overthrow the existing regime."

"軍隊は現政権を倒すためにクーデターを起こしました。" (Guntai wa gen seiken o taosu tame ni kūdetā o okoshimashita.)
Course flour definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/kɔːrs flaʊər/
粗挽き小麦粉 (aragi komugiko)

coarsely ground flour with larger particles, typically used for baking bread

"She used course flour to make homemade bread with a rustic texture."

"彼女は手作りのパンを作るために、素朴な質感を持つコースフラワーを使用しました。" (Kanojo wa tedzukuri no pan wo tsukuru tame ni, soboku na shitsukan wo motsu kōsu furawā wo shiyou shimashita.)
covenant definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˈkʌvənənt/
契約 (keiyaku)

a formal agreement or promise, often legally binding

"The landlord and tenant signed a covenant to maintain the property."

"家主と借家人は財産を維持するために契約に署名しました。" (Yanushi to shakuya-nin wa zaisan o iji suru tame ni keiyaku ni shomei shimashita.)
covert definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
/ˈkoʊvərt/
秘密 (himitsu)

hidden, secret, or not openly acknowledged

"The spy conducted a covert operation behind enemy lines."

"スパイは敵の線の後ろで秘密の作戦を行った。" (Supai wa teki no sen no ushiro de himitsu no sakusen o okonatta.)
covet definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb C1
/ˈkʌvət/
切望する (sesoku suru)

to desire something belonging to someone else

"He coveted his neighbor's new car."

"彼は隣人の新しい車を欲しがっていました。" (Kare wa rinjin no atarashii kuruma o hoshigatte imashita.)
cowardice definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˈkaʊərdɪs/
臆病 (okubyō)

lack of courage; behavior showing fear

"His cowardice prevented him from speaking up."

"彼の臆病は彼が発言するのを妨げた。" (Kare no okubyō wa kare ga hatsugen suru no o samatage ta.)
cower definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb C1
/ˈkaʊər/
恐怖で縮こまる (kyoufu de chijikomareru)

to crouch down in fear

"The child cowered behind the sofa during the thunderstorm."

"子供は雷の間、ソファの後ろで恐怖で縮こまっていた。" (Kodomo wa kaminari no aida, sofa no ushiro de kyoufu de chijikomatte ita.)
coy definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
/kɔɪ/
控えめな, 内気な (hikaeme na, uchiki na)

reluctant to give details or reveal feelings; shy or reserved

"She gave a coy smile when asked about her plans."

"彼女は自分の計画について聞かれたとき、控えめな笑顔を見せた。" (Kanojo wa jibun no keikaku ni tsuite kikareta toki, hikaeme na egao wo miseta.)
crafty definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
/ˈkræfti/
ずるい, 狡猾, 騙し (zurui, kōkatsu, damashi)

skilled at achieving goals through cunning or deceit; sly

"The crafty fox evaded the hunters again."

"ずる賢いキツネは再び狩人たちをかわしました。" (Zurukashikoi kitsune wa futatabi kariutachi o kawashimashita.)
crag definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/kræɡ/
急な崖や岩の面 (kyuu na gake ya iwa no men)

a steep or rugged cliff or rock face

"The hikers climbed the jagged crag to reach the summit."

"ハイカーたちは頂上に到達するために険しい崖を登った。" (Haikaa-tachi wa choujou ni toutatsu suru tame ni kewashii gake o nobotta.)
crass definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
/kræs/
無神経な、感受性や洗練さが欠けている (mushinken na, kanjusei ya senrensā ga kakete iru)

lacking sensitivity, refinement, or intelligence

"His crass remarks offended everyone at the meeting."

"彼の無神経な発言は会議で全員を怒らせました。" (Kare no mushinken na hatsugen wa kaigi de zen'in o okorase mashita.)
creak definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb C1
/kriːk/
高い音できしむ音を立てる (takai on de kishimu oto o tateru)

to make a high-pitched, squeaking noise when moved

"The old door creaked as she opened it."

"古いドアは彼女が開けるときにきしんだ。" (Furui doa wa kanojo ga akeru toki ni kishinda.)
noun, verb C1
/kriːs/
しわ, 折り目 (shiwa, orime)

a line or fold produced on paper, cloth, or other material; to make a fold or wrinkle

"She ironed the shirt carefully to remove every crease."

"彼女はシャツを慎重にアイロンがけして、すべてのしわを取り除きました。" (Kanojo wa shatsu o shinchō ni airon gake shite, subete no shiwa o torinozokimashita.)
credence definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˈkriː.dəns/
信頼, 認めること (shinrai, mitomeru koto)

belief in or acceptance of something as true

"The witness gave credence to the defendant's alibi."

"証人は被告のアリバイに信頼をおいた。" (shōnin wa hikoku no aribai ni shinrai o oita.)
noun C1
/krɪˈden.ʃəl/
資格証明書 (shikaku shōmeisho)

a qualification, achievement, or aspect of a person's background used to indicate suitability for something

"She presented her credentials before starting the new job."

"彼女は新しい仕事を始める前に資格証明書を提示しました。" (Kanojo wa atarashī shigoto o hajimeru mae ni shikaku shōmeisho o teiji shimashita.)
creditable definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
/ˈkrɛdɪtəbl/
称賛に値する (shōsan ni atai suru)

Deserving praise or acknowledgment, though not necessarily outstanding.

"She made a creditable effort in completing the project on time."

"彼女は時間通りにプロジェクトを完了するために称賛に値する努力をしました。" (Kanojo wa jikan dōri ni purojekuto o kanryō suru tame ni shōsan ni atai suru doryoku o shimashita.)
noun C1
/kriːd/
信条, 原則 (shinchou, gensoku)

A system of religious or spiritual beliefs or a guiding principle.

"Freedom of speech is part of his personal creed."

"言論の自由は彼の個人的な信条の一部です。" (Genron no jiyū wa kare no kojinteki na shinchou no ichibu desu.)
cremate definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb C1
/ˈkriː.meɪt/
火葬する (kasou suru)

to burn the body of a dead person until only ash remains

"They decided to cremate their relative according to tradition."

"彼らは伝統に従って親戚を火葬することに決めました。" (Karera wa dentou ni shitagatte shinseki o kasou suru koto ni kimemashita.)
noun C1
/krəˈʃɛndoʊ/
音量の段階的増加 (onryou no dankai teki zouka)

a gradual increase in loudness or intensity, especially in music

"The orchestra built to a powerful crescendo before the finale."

"オーケストラはフィナーレの前に強力なクレッシェンドを築いた。" (Ookesutora wa finaare no mae ni kyouryoku na kuresshendo wo kizuita.)
noun C1
/krɛst/
頂上 (choujou)

the top of a hill, wave, or mountain; a symbol of identity

"The hikers reached the crest of the mountain at sunrise."

"ハイカーたちは日の出時に山頂に到達しました。" (Haikaa tachi wa hinode ji ni sanchou ni toutatsu shimashita.)
crevasse definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/krəˈvæs/
深い亀裂 (fukai ketsu)

a deep crack in a glacier or the earth’s surface

"The climbers carefully crossed the icy crevasse."

"登山者たちは慎重に氷の亀裂を越えました。" (Tōsanjatachi wa shinchō ni kōri no ketsu o koemashita.)
noun C1
/ˈkrɛvɪs/
亀裂 (kiretsu)

a narrow crack or opening, especially in a rock or wall

"The lizard hid in a crevice between the stones."

"トカゲは石の間の亀裂に隠れていた。" (Tokage wa ishi no aida no kiretsu ni kakurete ita.)
Crimson definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
/ˈkrɪm.zən/
深紅 (shinkou)

a deep purplish-red color

"The crimson sunset painted the sky with beautiful shades."

"深紅の夕日が美しい色合いで空を染めました。" (Shinkou no yūhi ga utsukushii iroai de sora o somemashita.)
verb C1
/krɪndʒ/
縮む (shizumu)

To shrink back in fear, embarrassment, or discomfort.

"She cringed when she remembered her mistake."

"彼女は自分の間違いを思い出して、縮んだ。" (Kanojo wa jibun no machigai o omoidashite, shizunda.)
noun/verb C1
/kroʊˈʃeɪ/

Needlework made by interlocking loops of thread with a hooked needle; the act of making such items.

"She learned how to crochet a scarf for winter."

noun C1
/ˈkrɒkəri/
食器 (shokki)

Dishes, plates, cups, and other items made of earthenware or china.

"The hotel provided clean crockery for the guests."

"ホテルはゲストに清潔な食器を提供しました。" (Hoteru wa gesuto ni seiketsu na shokki o teikyō shimashita.)
cronyism definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˈkroʊniˌɪzəm/
縁故主義 (enkoshugi)

The practice of favoring friends or associates, especially in political appointments or business deals.

"The company was accused of cronyism in hiring practices."

"その企業は採用活動における親族主義で非難されました。" (Sono kigyō wa saiyō katsudō ni okeru enkoshugi de hinansaremashita.)
crook definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/krʊk/
詐欺師 (sagishi)

a dishonest person, especially a criminal

"The police finally caught the crook who had been stealing cars."

"警察は最終的に車を盗んでいた詐欺師を捕まえました。" (Keisatsu wa saishū-teki ni kuruma o nusunde ita sagishi o tsukamaemashita.)
crossbreed definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb C1
/ˈkrɒs.briːd/
交配 (kōhai)

to produce an animal or plant by mating two different breeds, varieties, or species

"Farmers crossbreed cows to improve milk production."

"農家は牛の乳生産を向上させるために交配します。" (Nōka wa ushi no chū seisan o kōjō saseru tame ni kōhai shimasu.)
adverb C1
/ˈkrɒswaɪz/
交差方向 (kousa houkou)

in the form of a cross; diagonally across

"Place the logs crosswise to build a stable fire."

"安定した火を作るために丸太を交差方向に置いてください。" (Anteishita hi wo tsukuru tame ni maruta wo kousa houkou ni oite kudasai.)
verb C1
/kraʊtʃ/

to bend your knees and lower your body close to the ground

"The cat crouched before leaping at its prey."

Crowbar definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˈkroʊ.bɑːr/
バール (bāru)

a heavy iron bar with a curved end used as a lever for prying things apart

"He used a crowbar to remove the old nails."

"彼は古い釘を取り除くためにクローバーを使いました。" (Kare wa furui kugi o torinozoku tame ni kurōbā o tsukaimashita.)
crucible definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˈkruːsɪbəl/
過酷な試練、溶鉱炉 (kakoku na shiren, youkourou)

a severe test or trial; a container used for heating substances to very high temperatures

"The team emerged stronger from the crucible of competition."

"チームは競争の過酷な試練を乗り越えて、より強くなった。" (Chīmu wa kyōsō no kakoku na shiren o norikoete, yori tsuyoku natta.)
verb C1
/ˈkrʌmpəl/
くしゃくしゃにする (kushakushani suru)

to crush something into folds or wrinkles

"He crumpled the paper and threw it in the bin."

"彼は紙をくしゃくしゃにしてゴミ箱に投げ入れました。" (Kare wa kami o kushakusha ni shite gomibako ni nageiremashita.)
noun/verb C1
/kruːˈseɪd/
十字軍、激しいキャンペーン (jūjigun, hageshī kyampēn)

a vigorous campaign for a social, political, or religious cause; to fight passionately for a cause

"She has been crusading for women's rights all her life."

"彼女は一生を女性の権利のために戦っています。" (Kanojo wa isshō o josei no kenri no tame ni tatakatte imasu.)
noun C1
/krʌst/
外皮 (gaihi)

the hard outer surface of something, especially bread or the Earth's outer layer

"He cut off the crust of the bread before eating."

"彼は食べる前にパンの外皮を切り取った。" (Kare wa taberu mae ni pan no gaihi o kirittotta.)
noun C1
/krʌˈsteɪʃən/
硬い殻を持つ水生動物 (katai kara o motsu suisei dōbutsu)

an aquatic animal with a hard shell, such as crabs, lobsters, and shrimps

"Crabs and lobsters are well-known crustaceans."

"カニやロブスターはよく知られている甲殻類です。" (Kani ya robusutā wa yoku shirarete iru kōkakurui desu.)
crutch definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/krʌtʃ/
松葉杖, 支え (matsu yabutsu, sasae)

a support used by someone injured to walk; also something relied upon for support or help

"He had to use crutches after breaking his leg."

"彼は足を骨折した後、松葉杖を使わなければならなかった。" (Kare wa ashi o kossetsu shita ato, matsuyabutsu o tsukawanakereba naranakatta.)
crux definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/krʌks/
核心 (kakushin)

the most important or decisive point of an issue

"The crux of the problem lies in poor communication."

"問題の核心はコミュニケーション不足にあります。" (Mondai no kakushin wa komyunikeeshon busoku ni arimasu.)
noun C1
/krɪpt/
地下室 (chikashitsu)

an underground chamber, especially one beneath a church, used as a burial place

"The tourists explored the ancient crypt beneath the cathedral."

"観光客は大聖堂の下にある古代の地下室を探索しました。" (Kankoukyaku wa daiseidou no shita ni aru kodai no chikashitsu wo tansaku shimashita.)
cryptic definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
/ˈkrɪptɪk/
謎めいた (nazo meita)

having a meaning that is mysterious or obscure

"She left a cryptic message on his voicemail."

"彼女は彼のボイスメールに謎めいたメッセージを残しました。" (Kanojo wa kare no boisu mēru ni nazo meita messēji o nokoshimashita.)
verb C1
/ˈkrɪstəlaɪz/
結晶化する (kesshouka suru)

to form crystals; to make an idea or plan clear and definite

"Her vague thoughts began to crystallize into a solid plan."

"彼女のあいまいな考えは、明確な計画に結晶化し始めた。" (Kanojo no aimai na kangae wa, meikaku na keikaku ni kesshouka shi hajimeta.)
noun C1
/ˌkʌl də ˈsæk/
袋小路 (fukurokouji)

A street or passage closed at one end; a dead end.

"They bought a house at the end of a quiet cul de sac."

"彼らは静かな袋小路の先に家を買いました。" (Karera wa shizukana fukurokouji no saki ni ie o kaimashita.)
✂️

cull

verb C1
/kʌl/

to select or remove from a larger group, often to reduce numbers

"The farmers decided to cull the sick animals from the herd."

culminate definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb C1
/ˈkʌl.mɪ.neɪt/
最高潮に達する (saikōchō ni tassuru)

to reach the highest point or final stage

"The negotiations culminated in a successful agreement."

"交渉は成功裏に合意に至った。" (Kōshō wa seikōri ni gōi ni itatta.)
culmination definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˌkʌl.mɪˈneɪ.ʃən/
頂点 (chouten)

the highest point or final result of something

"Graduation day is the culmination of years of hard work."

"卒業式は何年もの努力の頂点です。" (Sotsugyoushiki wa nannen mono doryoku no chouten desu.)
adjective C1
/ˈkʌlpəbl̩/
有罪の (yūzai no)

deserving blame or responsibility for a wrongdoing

"The judge found him culpable for the accident."

"裁判官は彼を事故の責任者として有罪としました。" (Saibankan wa kare o jiko no sekininsha to shite yūzai to shimashita.)