Vocabulaires

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struggling definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb B2
/ˈstrʌɡlɪŋ/
бороться (borot'sya)

Making forceful or violent efforts to get free of restraint or constriction; having difficulty achieving something.

"Many regions are struggling with economic recovery."

"Многие регионы борются с экономическим восстановлением." (Mnogiye regiony boryutsya s ekonomicheskim vosstanovleniem.)
adjective B2
/ˈstʌb.ərn/
упрямый; настойчивый; упорный (upryamy, nastoychivy, uporni)

refusing to change opinion or course of action; persistent; obstinate

"The stubborn child refused to eat his vegetables."

"Упрямый ребенок отказался есть свои овощи." (Upryamy rebenok otkazalsya yest' svoi ovoshchi.)
adjective B2
/ˈstʌdid/
обдуманный (obdumannyy)

carefully considered, deliberate, or planned

"Her response was calm and studied, not impulsive."

"Её ответ был спокойным и обдуманным, не импульсивным." (Yeyo otvet byl spokoynym i obdumannym, ne impulsivnym.)
adjective B2
/ˈstjuːdiəs/
усердный ученик (userdnyy uchenik)

spending a lot of time studying or reading; very dedicated to learning

"She is a studious girl who spends hours in the library."

"Она усердная ученица, которая проводит часы в библиотеке." (Ona userdnaya uchenitsa, kotoraya provodit chasy v biblioteke.)
adjective B2
/ˈstʌf.i/
нехватка свежего воздуха; плохо вентилируемый; формальная и консервативная позиция (nekhvatka svezhogo vozdukha; plokho ventiliruemyy; formal'naya i konservativnaya pozitsiya)

lacking fresh air; poorly ventilated; formal and conservative in attitude

"The room was stuffy and needed fresh air."

"Комната была душной и нуждалась в свежем воздухе." (Komnata byla dushnoy i nuzhdalas' v svezhem vozdukhe.)
stumble definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb B2
/ˈstʌmbəl/
споткнуться (spotknutsya)

to trip or lose balance while walking or running; to make a mistake or falter

"He stumbled on the uneven pavement."

"Он споткнулся на неровном тротуаре." (On spotknulsya na neryvnom trotuare.)
noun/verb B2
/stʌmp/
пень дерева, озадачить (pen' dereva, ozadachit')

the base of a tree left after the trunk is cut down; to puzzle or confuse

"The question completely stumped the students."

"Этот вопрос совершенно озадачил студентов." (Etot vopros sovershenno ozadachil studentov.)
stun definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb B2
/stʌn/
ошеломить, потрясти (oshelomit, potryasit)

to shock or surprise someone greatly; to knock someone unconscious or dazed

"The news of her sudden resignation stunned everyone."

"Новость о её внезапной отставке ошеломила всех." (Novost' o ee vnezapnoi otstavke oshelomila vsekh.)
stunning definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective B2
/ˈstʌnɪŋ/
потрясающий (potryasayushchiy)

extremely impressive or attractive

"The view from the top of the mountain was absolutely stunning."

"Вид с вершины горы был абсолютно потрясающим." (Vid s vershiny gory byl absolutely potryasayushchym.)
noun/verb B2
/stʌnt/
трюк, достижение, препятствовать росту (tryuk, dostizhenie, prepyatstvovat' rostu)

a daring or unusual action performed for entertainment or publicity; to hinder growth or development

"The actor performed a dangerous stunt in the movie."

"Актёр исполнил опасный стант в фильме." (Aktor ispolnil opasnyy stant v filme.)
noun B2
/stjuːˈpɪdəti/
глупость (glupost)

lack of intelligence or common sense

"His stupidity caused a lot of problems for the team."

"Его глупость вызвала много проблем для команды." (Ego glupost vyzvala mnogo problem dlya komandy)
adjective B2
/ˈstɜːrdi/
крепкий (krepkiy)

strongly and solidly built; not easily weakened

"The carpenter made a sturdy wooden table."

"Плотник сделал прочный деревянный стол." (Plotnik sdelal prochnyy derevyannyy stol.)
adjective B2
/ˈstaɪ.lɪʃ/
модный и привлекательный; с элегантностью или вкусом в облике (modnyy i privlekatel'nyy; s elegantsiyu ili vkusom v oblike)

fashionable and attractive; having elegance or taste in appearance

"She wore a stylish dress to the party."

"Она надела стильное платье на вечеринку." (Ona nadela stil'noe plat'ye na vecherinku.)
submission definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun B2
/səbˈmɪʃən/
покорность, подача (pokornost', podacha)

the act of yielding to authority or presenting something for consideration

"Her submission of the report was appreciated by the manager."

"Ее подача отчета была оценена менеджером." (Eyo podacha otcheta byla otsenena menedzherom.)
submit definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb B2
/səbˈmɪt/
отправить (otpravit)

to present or deliver something formally or for approval

"Please submit your report by the end of the day."

"Пожалуйста, отправьте ваш отчет к концу дня." (Pozhaluysta, otpravit' vash otchet k kontsu dnya.)
subscribe definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb B2
/səbˈskraɪb/
подписаться (podpisat'sya)

to pay to receive a service regularly; to agree with or support something

"I subscribe to several online magazines."

"Я подписался на несколько онлайн-журналов." (Ya podpisalsya na neskol'ko onlayn-zhurnalov.)
subscriber definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun B2
/səbˈskraɪbər/
подписчик (podpischik)

a person who receives or subscribes to a service, magazine, or service

"She is a subscriber to the monthly magazine."

"Она подписчица ежемесячного журнала." (Ona podpischitsa ezhemesyachnogo zhurnala.)
Subscription definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun B2
/səbˈskrɪpʃən/
подписка (podpiska)

the action of subscribing to something

"I paid for a subscription to the online learning platform."

"Я заплатил за подписку на онлайн-платформу для обучения." (Ya zaplatil za podpisku na onlayn-platformu dlya obucheniya.)
subsequent definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective B2
/ˈsʌbsɪkwənt/
последующий (posleduyushchiy)

coming after something in time; following

"His subsequent success surprised everyone."

"Его последующий успех удивил всех." (Yego posleduyushchiy uspekh udivil vsekh.)
subsequently definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adverb B2
/ˈsʌbsɪkwəntli/
затем (zatem)

at a later time; afterward

"He failed his exam and subsequently had to retake it."

"Он не сдал экзамен и затем ему пришлось его пересдавать." (On ne sdal ekzamen i zatem emu prishlos' ego peresdavat'.)
subsidy definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun B2
/ˈsʌbsɪdi/
субсидия (subsidia)

A sum of money granted by the government or a public body to help support an industry or reduce the cost of goods or services.

"The government provided a subsidy to farmers to support crop production."

"Правительство предоставило субсидию фермерам для поддержки производства сельскохозяйственных культур." (Pravitel'stvo predostavilo subsidiyu fermeram dlya podderzhki proizvodstva selskokhozyaistvennykh kultur.)
Substantial definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective B2
/səbˈstænʃl/
существенный (sushchestvennyy)

Of considerable importance, size, or worth.

"She received a substantial raise after the successful project."

"Она получила существенное повышение после успешного проекта." (Ona poluchila sushchestvennoe povyshenie posle uspekhnogo proyekte.)
substantial impact definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun B2
səbˈstænʃəl ˈɪmpækt
существенное влияние (sushtestvennoe vliyanie)

A significant, considerable, and meaningful effect or influence.

"Substantial impact is possible even with a few hours of volunteering."

"Существенное влияние возможно даже при нескольких часах волонтерской работы." (Sushchestvennoe vliyanie vozmozhno dazhe pri neskol'kikh chasakh volontyoriskoy raboty.)
substantially definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adverb B2
/səbˈstænʃəli/
значительно (znachitel'no)

to a great extent or degree

"The new policy has substantially improved working conditions."

"Новая политика значительно улучшила условия труда." (Novaya politika znachitel'no uluchshila usloviya truda.)
substitute definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb B2
/ˈsʌb.stɪ.tjuːt/
заменять (zaminyat)

to replace something with another thing

"He will substitute for me while I'm on vacation."

"Он заменит меня, пока я в отпуске." (On zamenit menya, poka ya v otpuske.)
subtitles definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun B2
ˈsʌbˌaɪtəlz
субтитры (subtitry)

Captions displayed at the bottom of a movie or television screen that translate or transcribe the dialogue or narrative.

"Use subtitles for better understanding."

"Используйте субтитры для лучшего понимания." (Ispol'zujte subtitry dlya luchshego ponimaniya.)
subtle definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective B2
/ˈsʌtl/
тонкий (tonkiy)

so delicate or precise as to be difficult to analyze or describe; not obvious

"She gave him a subtle smile that hinted at her approval."

"Она подарила ему тонкую улыбку, которая намекала на ее одобрение." (Ona podarila yemu tonkuyu ulybku, kotoraya namekala na yeyu odobrenie.)
subtract definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb B2
/səbˈtrækt/
вычитать (vychitat)

to take away a number or amount from another number or amount

"If you subtract 5 from 10, you get 5."

"Если вы вычитаете 5 из 10, вы получите 5." (Yesli vy vychitayete 5 iz 10, vy poluchite 5.)
suburban definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective B2
/səˈbɜːrbən/
пригородный (prigorodny)

relating to or characteristic of a suburb or the people living there

"They bought a house in a quiet suburban area."

"Они купили дом в тихом пригородном районе." (Oni kupili dom v tikhom prigorodnom rayone.)
verb B2
/səkˈsiːdɪŋ/
следующий / последующий (sleduyushchiy / posleduyushchiy)

coming after or following in order; continuing to succeed

"In the succeeding years, the company expanded rapidly."

"В последующие годы компания быстро расширялась." (V posledushchie gody kompaniya bystro rasshiryalas'.)
succession definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun B2
/səkˈsɛʃən/
преемственность (preemstvennost)

the action or process of following something in order or sequence

"The succession of events was both dramatic and fast-paced."

"Последовательность событий была как драматичной, так и быстро развивающейся." (Posle-dova-tel'nost' sobytij byla kak drama-tichnoj, tak i bystro razviva-yushcheysya.)
Successive definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective B2
/səkˈsɛsɪv/
последовательный (posledovatel'nyy)

following one after the other in an uninterrupted sequence

"There were several successive failures before the project succeeded."

"Было несколько последовательных неудач, прежде чем проект увенчался успехом." (Bylo neskol'ko posledovatel'nykh neudach, prezhde chem proyekt uvenchalsya uspekhom.)
Successor definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun B2
/səkˈsɛsər/
преемник (preemnik)

A person or thing that follows another in a position, office, or role.

"The company appointed a successor after the CEO retired."

"Компания назначила преемника после того, как генеральный директор ушел на пенсию." (Kompaniya naznachila preemnika posle togo, kak general'nyy direktor ushel na pensiyu.)
suck definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb B2
/sʌk/
сосать (sosat)

to draw something into the mouth by using the lips and tongue

"The baby began to suck her thumb."

"Ребенок начал сосать свой палец." (Rebyonok nachal sosat' svoy palets.)
sue definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb B2
/suː/
подать в суд (podat' v sud)

to bring a lawsuit against someone in a court of law

"She decided to sue the company for damages."

"Она решила подать в суд на компанию за ущерб." (Ona reshil podat' v sud na kompaniyu za uscherb.)
suffering definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun B2
/ˈsʌfərɪŋ/
страдание (stradanie)

the state of undergoing pain, distress, or hardship

"They tried to relieve his suffering with medicine."

"Они пытались облегчить его страдание с помощью лекарства." (Oni pytalis' oblegchit' ego stradanie s pomoshch'yu lekarstva.)
sufficiently definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adverb B2
/səˈfɪʃəntli/
достаточно (dostatochno)

to an adequate degree or extent

"She studied sufficiently to pass the exam."

"Она училась достаточно, чтобы сдать экзамен." (Ona uchilas' dostatochno, chtoby sdat' ekzamen.)
verb B2
/ˈsʌfəkeɪt/
задохнуться (zadokhnut'sya)

to cause someone to die or have difficulty breathing by depriving them of air

"The child nearly suffocated when trapped in the locked room."

"Rebyonok pochti zadokhalsya, nakhodyas' v zaporozhennom komnate." (Rebyonok pochti zadokhalsya, nakhodyas' v zaporozhennom komnate.)
Suicide definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun B2
/ˈsuːɪˌsaɪd/
суицид (suicid)

the act of intentionally taking one's own life

"The article discusses the rising rates of suicide in young people."

"Статья обсуждает растущие показатели суицида среди молодежи." (Stat'ya obsuzhdaet rastushchiye pokazateli suicida sredi molodyozhi.)
suite definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun B2
/swiːt/
люкс (lyuks)

a set of rooms designated for one person's or family's use or for a particular purpose

"They stayed in the presidential suite at the hotel."

"Они остановились в президентском люксе отеля." (Oni ostanovilis' v prezidentskom lyuksie otelya.)
verb B2
/ˈsʌməraɪz/
подводить итог (podvodit itog)

To give a brief statement of the main points of something

"She summarized the report in just a few minutes."

"Она суммировала отчет всего за несколько минут." (Ona summirovala otchet vsego za neskolko minut)
summit definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun B2
/ˈsʌmɪt/
пик, вершина (pik, vershina)

The highest point of a hill or mountain; a meeting between heads of state or leaders.

"The leaders met at the summit to discuss global issues."

"Лидеры встретились на вершине, чтобы обсудить мировые проблемы." (Lidery vstretilis' na vershine, chtoby obsudit' mirovye problemy.)
verb B2
/ˈsʌmən/
призывать, вызывать (prizyvat, vykhodyt)

To order someone to come or to gather courage or strength.

"The king summoned his advisors to the court."

"Король призвал своих советников в суд." (Korol prizval svoikh sovetnikov v sud.)
superb definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective B2
/suːˈpɜːrb/
превосходный (prevoskhodnyy)

extremely good; excellent

"The hotel provided superb service during our stay."

"Отель предоставил превосходное обслуживание во время нашего пребывания." (Otel' predostavil prevoskhodnoe obsluzhivanie vo vremya nashego prebyvaniya.)
superficial definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective B2
/ˌsuː.pɚˈfɪʃ.əl/
поверхностный (poverkhnostny)

Concerned only with the surface or appearance; not deep or thorough.

"His analysis of the issue was rather superficial and lacked depth."

"Его анализ проблемы был довольно поверхностным и не хватало глубины." (Yego analiz problemy byl dovol'no poverkhnostnym i ne khvatilo glubiny.)
superfoods definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun B2
ˈsuː.pər.fuːdz
суперфуды (superfudy)

Nutrient-dense foods that are particularly beneficial for health and well-being.

"Blueberries and spinach are superfoods rich in vitamins."

"Черника и шпинат - это суперфуды, богатые витаминами." (Chernika i shpinat - eto superfudy, bogatye vitaminami.)
superintendent definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun B2
/ˌsuːpərɪnˈtɛndənt/
директор (direktor)

a person who oversees, manages, or directs an organization, building, or project

"The superintendent visited the classrooms to check on progress."

"Директор посетил классы, чтобы проверить прогресс." (Direktor posetil klassy, chtoby proverit' progress.)
Superior definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective B2
/suːˈpɪə.ri.ər/
превосходящий (prevoskhodyashchiy)

better in quality, rank, or importance than others

"This product is superior to its competitors in quality."

"Этот продукт превосходит своих конкурентов по качеству." (Etot produkt prevoshodit svoikh konkurentov po kachestvu.)
Superiority definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun B2
/suː.pɪər.iˈɔːr.ə.ti/
превосходство (prevoskhodstvo)

the quality or state of being superior; higher rank or quality

"His superiority in mathematics was evident from his test scores."

"Его превосходство в математике было очевидно по его баллам на тестах." (Yego prevoskhodstvo v matematike bylo ochevidno po yego ballam na testakh.)
adjective B2
/ˌsuːpərˈnætʃrəl/
сверхъестественный (sverkh'jestestvennyy)

Attributed to some force beyond scientific understanding or the laws of nature.

"They claimed to have witnessed supernatural events in the old house."

"Они утверждали, что стали свидетелями сверхъестественных событий в старом доме." (Oni utverzhdali, chto stali svidetelyami sverkh'yestestvennykh sobytiy v starom dome.)