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B2 noun /ˈplænər/

planner

planificateur
Meaning
a person who makes plans or a book used for organizing schedules and tasks
Example
She uses a daily planner to organize her meetings.
Elle utilise un planificateur quotidien pour organiser ses réunions.
B2 adjective /ˈtrɪviəl/

trivial

trivial
Meaning
Of little value or importance.
Example
He often gets upset over the most trivial matters.
Il se fâche souvent pour les choses les plus triviales.
C1 noun /ˈmɛm.wɑːr/

memoir

mémoires
Meaning
A historical account or autobiography written from personal experience.
Example
The author’s memoir details her journey through hardship and success.
Les mémoires de l'auteur détaillent son voyage à travers les difficultés et les réussites.
C2 verb /dɪˈfoʊlieɪt/

defoliate

dépouiller
Meaning
to strip leaves from a tree, plant, or area, often using chemicals
Example
The farmers defoliated the fields before harvest.
Les agriculteurs ont dépouillé les champs avant la récolte.
C1 adjective /əˈrɛstɪŋ/

arresting

impressionnant
Meaning
Attracting attention in a striking or impressive way.
Example
The actress gave an arresting performance.
L'actrice a donné une performance impressionnante.
C1 adjective /kənˈɡrɛʃənl/

congressional

congressional
Meaning
relating to a congress, especially the US Congress
Example
The bill received strong congressional support.
Le projet de loi a reçu un fort soutien du Congrès.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnkənˈsɪdərət/

inconsiderate

inconsidéré
Meaning
Thoughtless; showing a lack of concern for others.
Example
It was inconsiderate of him to play loud music late at night.
C'était inconsidéré de sa part de jouer de la musique forte tard dans la nuit.
C2 noun /ˌpɒlɪˈhiːdrən/

polyhedron

solide à faces polygonales planes
Meaning
a solid object with flat polygonal faces, straight edges, and vertices
Example
The mathematician studied a complex polyhedron model.
Le mathématicien a étudié un modèle complexe de polyèdre.
C2 noun /ˌniːoʊˈpeɪɡənɪzəm/

neopaganism

néopaganisme
Meaning
Modern religious movements influenced by or claiming to be derived from the various historical pagan beliefs of pre-modern Europe.
Example
Neopaganism has gained popularity as people seek spiritual alternatives to mainstream religions.
Le néopaganisme a gagné en popularité à mesure que les gens recherchent des alternatives spirituelles aux religions dominantes.
B1 verb /ˈhɛdɪŋ/

heading

en direction de
Meaning
Moving in a particular direction.
Example
The ship is heading toward Antarctica.
Le navire se dirige vers l'Antarctique.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈtɛns/

intense

intense
Meaning
Of extreme force, degree, or strength.
Example
She felt intense pain after the accident.
Elle a ressenti une douleur intense après l'accident.
C1 verb /nəˈsɛsɪteɪt/

necessitate

rendre nécessaire
Meaning
To make something necessary or unavoidable.
Example
The heavy rains necessitated the cancellation of the event.
Les fortes pluies ont rendu l'annulation de l'événement inévitable.
B2 noun/verb /ˈpriːfɪks/

prefix

préfixe; ajouter quelque chose au début
Meaning
a word, letter, or number placed before another; as a verb, to add something in front of something else
Example
Developers often prefix variables with an underscore.
Les développeurs préfixent souvent les variables avec un underscore.
B2 adjective /ˈlɪb.ər.əl/

Liberal

libéral; tolérant; généreux; progressiste dans la pensée
Meaning
open-minded; tolerant; generous; progressive in thinking
Example
She has a liberal attitude towards different cultures and beliefs.
Elle a une attitude libérale envers différentes cultures et croyances.
B2 noun /ˈlaɪv.stɒk/

livestock

bétail
Meaning
farm animals such as cattle, sheep, and pigs that are kept for use or profit
Example
The farmer raised livestock to supply meat and milk for the market.
L'agriculteur élevait du bétail pour fournir de la viande et du lait au marché.
C2 adjective /ˌstætʃuˈɛsk/

statuesque

statuesque
Meaning
Having the grace, beauty, or dignity of a statue; tall and attractively proportioned.
Example
She had a statuesque figure that turned heads wherever she went.
Elle avait une silhouette statuaire qui attirait les regards partout où elle allait.
C1 adjective /ˈflæɡɪŋ/

flagging

faiblir, se fatiguer ou perdre de l'enthousiasme
Meaning
becoming tired, weaker, or less enthusiastic
Example
After hours of work, his energy was flagging.
Après des heures de travail, son énergie était en baisse.
B2 noun /ˌɔː.ri.enˈteɪ.ʃən/

orientation

orientation
Meaning
the process of becoming familiar with a new situation or environment
Example
The company provides an orientation for all new employees.
L'entreprise offre une orientation à tous les nouveaux employés.
B1 adjective /ˈtrʌbəld/

troubled

troublé
Meaning
experiencing or showing distress, anxiety, or worry
Example
He looked deeply troubled after hearing the bad news.
Il semblait profondément troublé après avoir entendu la mauvaise nouvelle.
C2 noun /ˈrɛk.tɪ.tjuːd/

rectitude

rectitude
Meaning
Morally correct behavior or thinking; righteousness and integrity.
Example
His rectitude earned him respect in society.
Sa rectitude lui a valu le respect dans la société.
C2 noun /bəˈsuːn/

bassoon

un type de hautbois (instrument à vent en bois de grande taille)
Meaning
a large woodwind instrument with a deep sound
Example
The orchestra featured a beautiful bassoon solo.
L'orchestre a présenté un magnifique solo de basson.
C2 verb /skʌlk/

skulk

se faufiler
Meaning
to move or hide secretly, often because you are planning something bad or are feeling guilty
Example
He tried to skulk in the shadows to avoid being seen.
Il a essayé de se faufiler dans l'ombre pour éviter d'être vu.
C1 noun /ˈkɒrənər/

coroner

médecin légiste
Meaning
an official who investigates sudden, violent, or suspicious deaths
Example
The coroner determined the cause of death was natural.
Le médecin légiste a déterminé que la cause de la mort était naturelle.
C1 adjective /ˈɪnfəməs/

infamous

infâme
Meaning
well known for some bad quality or deed
Example
The dictator was infamous for his cruelty.
Le dictateur était infâme pour sa cruauté.
C2 adjective /ˌdaɪəˈlɛktɪkəl/

dialectical

dialectique
Meaning
Relating to the logical discussion of ideas and opinions.
Example
She took a dialectical approach to solve the complex issue.
Elle a adopté une approche dialectique pour résoudre la question complexe.
B2 adjective /rɪˈflektɪv/

Reflective

réfléchi; pensif; capable de refléter la lumière ou les images
Meaning
thoughtful; contemplative; able to reflect light or images
Example
After the meeting, he was in a reflective mood.
Après la réunion, il était dans un état d'esprit réfléchi.
B2 adjective ˌɪn.təˈræk.tɪv

interactive

interactif
Meaning
Allowing a two-way flow of information between it and a user, responding to the user's input.
Example
Interactive learning keeps students engaged in lessons.
L'apprentissage interactif maintient les étudiants engagés dans les leçons.
B1 adverb /ˈprɒpərli/

properly

correctement
Meaning
in the correct or suitable manner
Example
He performed the task properly to avoid mistakes.
Il a effectué la tâche correctement pour éviter les erreurs.
B1 noun /ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃən/

composition

composition
Meaning
the act of creating a piece of writing, music, or art; the way parts are arranged
Example
Her composition won first prize in the contest.
Sa composition a remporté le premier prix au concours.
B2 noun /ˌsɪm.ɪˈlær.ə.ti/

Similarity

similitude; ressemblance
Meaning
the quality or state of being similar; resemblance
Example
There is a striking similarity between the two paintings.
Il y a une similitude frappante entre les deux peintures.
C1 noun kəˈrəʊ.ʒən

corrosion

corrosion
Meaning
The gradual destruction of materials by chemical or electrochemical reaction, especially of metals by oxidation.
Example
Corrosion in pipes leads to leakage.
La corrosion dans les tuyaux conduit à des fuites.
C1 adjective ˈbɜːdʒənɪŋ

burgeoning

en plein essor
Meaning
Beginning to grow or increase rapidly; flourishing.
Example
The burgeoning tech industry has attracted many investors.
L'industrie technologique en pleine expansion a attiré de nombreux investisseurs.
A2 adjective /ˈwʊdən/

wooden

en bois
Meaning
made of wood
Example
The house had beautiful wooden floors.
La maison avait de beaux planchers en bois.
C2 noun /ˌhaɪpəˈkɒndrɪæk/

hypochondriac

hypocondriaque
Meaning
a person who is excessively worried about having a serious illness
Example
She is a hypochondriac who visits the doctor every week.
Elle est une hypocondriaque qui consulte le médecin chaque semaine.
A1 adjective /ˈbjuː.tɪ.fəl/

Beautiful

magnifique; beau; charmant;
Meaning
pleasing to the senses; attractive; having qualities that give great pleasure
Example
She has a beautiful voice that captivates everyone.
Elle a une voix magnifique qui captive tout le monde.
C1 noun /ˈtjuːmʌlt/

tumult

tumulte
Meaning
A loud, confused noise, especially caused by a crowd; commotion or disorder.
Example
The protest created a tumult in the city square.
La manifestation a créé un tumulte sur la place de la ville.
B1 noun /ˈmɛtəl/

metal

métal
Meaning
A solid material that is typically hard, shiny, malleable, fusible, and conductive, such as iron, gold, or aluminum.
Example
The ring was made of precious metal.
L'anneau était en métal précieux.
C1 verb /ɪnˈsɜːrkəl/

encircle

entourer
Meaning
to form a circle around something
Example
The protesters encircled the building in a human chain.
Les manifestants ont entouré le bâtiment dans une chaîne humaine.
C1 verb /ˈwɒd.əl/

waddle

marcher en titubant
Meaning
to walk with short steps and a clumsy swaying motion, like a duck
Example
The duck waddled across the yard.
Le canard a marché en titubant à travers la cour.
B1 noun /əˈfek.ʃən/

Affection

affection; tendresse
Meaning
a feeling of liking or caring for someone or something
Example
She has deep affection for her grandmother.
Elle a une profonde affection pour sa grand-mère.
B2 adjective /ʌnˈwel.kəm/

Unwelcome

désagréable; non désiré; indésirable
Meaning
not wanted or accepted; not invited or pleasant
Example
The unwelcome news ruined their vacation plans.
Les mauvaises nouvelles ont ruiné leurs plans de vacances.
C1 noun /sɛkt/

sect

secte
Meaning
a subgroup of a larger religious or political group, often with differing beliefs
Example
The group split into different sects due to doctrinal differences.
Le groupe s'est divisé en différentes sectes en raison des différences doctrinales.
B2 adverb /ˈklɒkwaɪz/

Clockwise

dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre
Meaning
in the direction that clock hands move; in a circular direction from left to right
Example
Turn the valve clockwise to tighten it.
Tournez la vanne dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre pour la serrer.
C1 noun /ˈɛksɜːrpt/

excerpt

extrait
Meaning
A short portion taken from a text, film, or piece of music.
Example
The teacher read an excerpt from the novel.
Le professeur a lu un extrait du roman.
C1 noun /nɔːrm/

Norm

norme; standard; règle; tradition
Meaning
a standard of behavior; what is typical or expected
Example
Working late has become the norm in this company.
Travailler tard est devenu la norme dans cette entreprise.
C1 noun /vəˈræs.ə.ti/

veracity

vérité
Meaning
Conformity to facts; accuracy and truthfulness.
Example
The journalist checked the veracity of the report.
Le journaliste a vérifié la véracité du rapport.
B2 noun /ˌek.əˈnɒm.ɪk səˌsteɪ.nəˈbɪl.ə.ti/

economic sustainability

durabilité économique
Meaning
The ability of an economy to support a defined level of economic production indefinitely.
Example
Economic sustainability drives long-term growth.
La durabilité économique stimule la croissance à long terme.
A1 noun /koʊld drɪŋk/

Cold drink

boisson froide
Meaning
A chilled beverage; a refreshing drink served cold
Example
I ordered a cold drink to beat the summer heat.
J'ai commandé une boisson froide pour échapper à la chaleur de l'été.
B1 noun dɪˈfens

defense

défense
Meaning
The action of defending from or resisting attack; protection from harm or danger.
Example
Defense was one of the central subjects.
La défense était l'un des sujets centraux.
B2 noun /ˈhɑːr.bər/

Harbour

port
Meaning
a place on the coast where vessels may find shelter; a place of safety or refuge
Example
The fishing boats returned safely to the harbour before the storm hit the coastline.
Les bateaux de pêche sont rentrés en toute sécurité au port avant que la tempête ne frappe la côte.
B2 noun /ˈaʊtlʊk/

outlook

perspective, prévision
Meaning
a person's general attitude or view; a forecast or prospect
Example
The economic outlook for the year is positive.
Les prévisions économiques pour l'année sont positives.
C1 adjective /ˈɑp.ər.ə.tɪv/

Operative

actif; en vigueur; fonctionnant; opérationnel;
Meaning
Functioning; in effect; working; active;
Example
The new safety protocols became operative immediately after the accident.
Les nouveaux protocoles de sécurité sont devenus opérationnels immédiatement après l'accident.
B2 noun /ˈpɪk.səl/

pixel

l'unité la plus petite d'une image ou d'un affichage numérique
Meaning
the smallest unit of a digital image or display
Example
The image is blurry because some pixels are missing.
L'image est floue car certains pixels sont manquants.
A2 noun, verb /kəˈrɪər/

career

carrière / profession
Meaning
As a noun: a person’s course of professional life; as a verb: to move swiftly and in an uncontrolled way.
Example
She built a successful career in medicine.
Elle a construit une carrière réussie dans la médecine.
B2 noun /beɪ/

Bay

baie
Meaning
a broad inlet of the sea where the land curves inward
Example
The boats are anchored in the bay.
Les bateaux sont ancrés dans la baie.
C2 noun /ˈmeɪleɪ/

melee

bagarre chaotique
Meaning
A noisy, confused fight or crowd situation.
Example
A melee broke out during the football match.
Une bagarre chaotique a éclaté pendant le match de football.
C1 adjective /ɔːlˈmaɪ.ti/

Almighty

tout-puissant
Meaning
having unlimited power; omnipotent
Example
The almighty storm destroyed everything in its path.
La tempête tout-puissante a détruit tout sur son passage.
B2 noun ˌɪnɪˈkwɒlɪti

inequality

inégalité
Meaning
Difference in size, degree, circumstances, etc.; lack of equality.
Example
The theme of inequality is prominent throughout the story.
Le thème de l'inégalité est important tout au long de l'histoire.
C1 noun /ˈɡlɒs.ər.i/

Glossary

glossaire
Meaning
an alphabetical list of terms in a particular domain of knowledge with explanations; a brief dictionary
Example
The textbook includes a helpful glossary at the end to define technical terms.
Le manuel comprend un glossaire utile à la fin pour définir les termes techniques.
C2 noun /naɪt ˈdʒæz.mɪn/

Night-jesmine

jasmin de nuit
Meaning
a fragrant flowering tree that blooms at night with small white flowers
Example
The night-jasmine tree blooms only after sunset with its tiny white flowers.
Le jasmin de nuit fleurit seulement après le coucher du soleil avec ses petites fleurs blanches.
B2 noun /iːz/

Ease

facilité; confort
Meaning
absence of difficulty or effort; comfort and relaxation
Example
After years of practice, she played the piano with great ease.
Après des années de pratique, elle jouait du piano avec une grande facilité.
B2 noun /ˈskɒlərʃɪp/

scholarship

bourse
Meaning
an award or grant to support a student's education
Example
She received a scholarship to study abroad.
Elle a reçu une bourse pour étudier à l'étranger.
C1 adverb /ʌnˈnætʃrəli/

unnaturally

d'une manière anormale
Meaning
in a way that is not natural or normal; excessively or strangely
Example
He smiled unnaturally, making everyone feel uncomfortable.
Il a souri d'une manière anormale, mettant tout le monde mal à l'aise.
C1 adjective, noun /əbˈzɔːrbənt/

absorbent

absorbant
Meaning
able to soak up liquid, moisture, or energy easily; a material or substance that absorbs
Example
This towel is highly absorbent and dries quickly.
Cette serviette est très absorbante et sèche rapidement.
A1 interjection /hɑː/

ha

Ha ! (Exclamation de surprise ou de joie)
Meaning
used to express amusement, surprise, or triumph
Example
Ha! I knew you couldn’t resist joining us.
Ha ! Je savais que tu ne pourrais pas résister à nous rejoindre.
B2 noun kənˌtæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən

contamination

contamination
Meaning
The process of making something less pure by exposure to or addition of a poisonous or polluting substance.
Example
Contamination of air leads to health issues.
La contamination de l'air cause des problèmes de santé.
C1 verb /blæntʃ/

blanch

blêmir
Meaning
to turn pale from shock, fear, or to briefly boil food to remove skin or prepare it
Example
She blanched at the sight of blood.
Elle est devenue toute pâle en voyant le sang.
C2 adjective /dɪˈluːsɪv/

delusive

illusoir
Meaning
Giving a false or misleading impression; deceptive.
Example
His promises turned out to be delusive and untrustworthy.
Ses promesses se sont révélées être illusoires et peu fiables.
C2 noun /ˈɪndələns/

indolence

indolence
Meaning
Avoidance of activity or exertion; laziness.
Example
His indolence kept him from finishing the project on time.
Son indolence l'a empêché de terminer le projet à temps.
C2 noun /ˈɡæliən/

galleon

galeón
Meaning
A large sailing ship used mainly by Europeans from the 16th to 18th centuries.
Example
The Spanish galleon carried treasures across the Atlantic.
Le galeón espagnol a transporté des trésors à travers l'Atlantique.
B2 noun /dɪˌskrɪm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

Discrimination

discrimination; traitement injuste; préjugé
Meaning
the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people; recognition of difference
Example
The company was sued for racial discrimination in their hiring practices.
L'entreprise a été poursuivie pour discrimination raciale dans ses pratiques d'embauche.
A2 noun, verb /ˈriːzən/

reason

raison, motif
Meaning
A cause, explanation, or justification for an action or event; to think or argue logically.
Example
There is no reason to be upset.
Il n'y a aucune raison d'être contrarié.
A2 adjective /ˈɪntrəstɪd/

interested

intéressé
Meaning
Showing curiosity or concern about something.
Example
She is very interested in learning new languages.
Elle est très intéressée par l'apprentissage de nouvelles langues.
C1 noun/verb /ˈbæntər/

banter

plaisanterie
Meaning
playful and friendly exchange of teasing remarks
Example
The colleagues enjoyed some light banter during the meeting.
Les collègues ont apprécié un peu de banter léger pendant la réunion.
C1 adverb /ˌʌnkənˈvɛnʃənəli/

unconventionally

de manière non conventionnelle
Meaning
in a way that is not based on or conforming to accepted standards or norms
Example
She dresses unconventionally, mixing bold colors and patterns that surprise everyone.
Elle s'habille de manière non conventionnelle, mélangeant des couleurs et des motifs audacieux qui surprennent tout le monde.
C2 adjective əˈdrɔɪt

adroit

habile, astucieux, adroit
Meaning
clever or skillful in using the hands or mind.
Example
She is adroit at solving complex problems.
Elle est habile à résoudre des problèmes complexes.
C2 adjective /ˈdɪlətɔːri/

dilatory

dilatoire
Meaning
Tending to cause delay; slow to act.
Example
The committee was criticized for its dilatory response to the crisis.
Le comité a été critiqué pour sa réponse dilatoire à la crise.
B2 adjective /ˈmɪl.ki waɪt/

Milky white

blanc laiteux
Meaning
a pure white color resembling milk
Example
The clouds looked milky white against the blue sky.
Les nuages semblaient blancs comme du lait contre le ciel bleu.
C2 verb /ˈbleɪzən/

blazon

afficher
Meaning
to display prominently or vividly
Example
The slogan was blazoned across the banner in bold letters.
Le slogan a été affiché en lettres grasses sur la bannière.
B2 noun /ˈsɜr.neɪm/

Surname

nom de famille
Meaning
a hereditary name common to all members of a family; family name
Example
Please write your first name and surname on the form.
Veuillez inscrire votre prénom et votre nom de famille sur le formulaire.
C1 adjective /ˌsækrɪˈfɪʃəl/

sacrificial

sacrificiel
Meaning
Relating to or involving sacrifice.
Example
The lamb was used as a sacrificial offering in the ritual.
L'agneau a été utilisé comme offrande sacrificielle dans le rituel.
C1 verb /ˈpætər/

patter

faire un bruit de tapotements répétés / parler rapidement de manière mécanique
Meaning
to make a repeated light tapping sound; to talk quickly in a rehearsed or mechanical way
Example
Rain pattered softly on the window.
La pluie frappait doucement contre la fenêtre.
A2 verb /əˈvɔɪd/

avoid

éviter
Meaning
To keep away from or stop oneself from doing something.
Example
He tries to avoid junk food.
Il essaie d'éviter la malbouffe.
C1 adjective /səˈtɪrɪk/

satiric

satirique
Meaning
Relating to or using satire.
Example
The novel takes a satiric view of urban life.
Le roman adopte un point de vue satirique sur la vie urbaine.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːrˌbɛər/

forebear

ancêtre
Meaning
An ancestor, especially one who lived a long time ago.
Example
He often speaks of his forebears with great respect.
Il parle souvent de ses ancêtres avec beaucoup de respect.
B2 verb /ɪnˈfɜːr/

infer

inférer
Meaning
to conclude or deduce something from evidence and reasoning rather than from explicit statements
Example
From his silence, I inferred that he was not happy with the decision.
De son silence, j'ai inféré qu'il n'était pas content de la décision.
B2 noun /ʌnˈrest/

Unrest

agitation; troubles; désordre social ou politique
Meaning
a state of dissatisfaction and disturbance; social or political disorder
Example
The economic crisis led to widespread social unrest.
La crise économique a conduit à une agitation sociale généralisée.
B2 adjective /əˈpærənt/

apparent

apparent
Meaning
Clearly visible or understood; obvious.
Example
It soon became apparent that he was not telling the truth.
Il est vite devenu apparent qu'il ne disait pas la vérité.
C1 noun /ˌɪn.səˌbɔːr.dɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

insubordination

insubordination
Meaning
Defiance of authority; refusal to obey orders.
Example
The soldier was punished for insubordination during the mission.
Le soldat a été puni pour insubordination pendant la mission.
B1 noun /ˈdɪstrɪkt/

district

district
Meaning
a specific area of a country, city, or town, often with official boundaries
Example
She lives in the northern district of the city.
Elle vit dans le district nord de la ville.
C2 adjective /ˈbʌksəm/

buxom

femme ronde et attrayante
Meaning
Plump, with a full figure and often large-breasted, especially used to describe women.
Example
The actress was described as a cheerful and buxom woman.
L'actrice a été décrite comme une femme joyeuse et ronde.
C1 verb /aʊtˈwɪt/

outwit

déjouer
Meaning
to defeat or gain an advantage over someone by being more clever or cunning
Example
The fox managed to outwit the hunters.
Le renard a réussi à duper les chasseurs.
C1 noun /fɪlθ/

filth

saleté
Meaning
dirty or disgusting matter; moral corruption
Example
The streets were full of filth after the storm.
Les rues étaient pleines de saleté après la tempête.
C1 verb /mæʃ/

mash

écraser
Meaning
to crush or mix food into a soft mass, usually by pressing or beating
Example
She mashed the potatoes before serving dinner.
elle a écrasé les pommes de terre avant de servir le dîner.
C1 verb /məˈtɪərɪəlaɪz/

materialize

se matérialiser
Meaning
To become real or actual; to appear suddenly or in a physical form.
Example
The opportunity he had been waiting for finally materialized.
L'opportunité qu'il attendait est enfin matérialisée.
B1 noun /ˈkaʊnti/

county

comté
Meaning
A territorial division within a country, typically a region with its own local government.
Example
She grew up in a small county in northern England.
Elle a grandi dans un petit comté du nord de l'Angleterre.
C1 noun /læns/

Lance

lance
Meaning
a long weapon with a sharp metal point, used by soldiers on horseback
Example
The knight charged forward with his lance ready.
Le chevalier a chargé en avant avec sa lance prête.
A2 adverb /ˈbjuːtɪfəli/

beautifully

magnifiquement
Meaning
in a beautiful or pleasing manner; excellently or skillfully
Example
She sang beautifully at the concert.
Elle a chanté magnifiquement au concert.
C2 noun /ɛnˈkoʊmiəm/

encomium

éloge
Meaning
A speech or piece of writing that praises someone or something highly.
Example
He delivered an encomium to his retiring teacher.
Il a prononcé un éloge à son professeur retraité.
C1 noun /ˈdeɪˌbreɪk/

daybreak

aurore
Meaning
The time in the morning when daylight first appears; dawn.
Example
They set out on their journey at daybreak.
Ils ont commencé leur voyage à l'aube.
B2 noun /temp.ˈteɪ.ʃən/

Temptation

tentation
Meaning
the desire to do something wrong or unwise; an urge to have or do something
Example
He resisted the temptation to eat the entire chocolate cake.
Il a résisté à la tentation de manger tout le gâteau au chocolat.
B1 verb /ɪnˈfɔ:m/

inform

informer
Meaning
to tell someone about something; to give information
Example
Please inform me when you arrive at the airport.
s'il vous plaît, informez-moi lorsque vous arrivez à l'aéroport.
B1 noun /nuːn/

noon

midi
Meaning
12 o'clock in the daytime; midday
Example
The meeting will start at noon.
La réunion commencera à midi.
C2 adjective /ʌnˈtɛmpərd/

untempered

non tempéré
Meaning
not moderated or softened; lacking proper balance or control
Example
The untempered anger of the crowd caused chaos.
La colère non tempérée de la foule a provoqué le chaos.
A2 adjective /faɪn/

Fine

bon; excellent; mince; délicat; de haute qualité
Meaning
good; excellent; thin; delicate; high quality
Example
The weather is fine today.
Il fait beau aujourd'hui.
C1 adverb /ˌwɛr.əˈpɒn/

whereupon

immédiatement après
Meaning
Immediately after which; as a result of which.
Example
He confessed his mistake, whereupon she forgave him.
Il a avoué son erreur, immédiatement après elle lui a pardonné.
B1 noun /ˈpæsɪdʒ/

passage

passage/voie étroite; extrait/citation; processus de transition d'un état ou lieu à un autre
Meaning
a narrow way through or between; a section of text or music; the process of moving from one state or place to another
Example
The narrow passage led from the courtyard to the library.
Le passage étroit a mené de la cour à la bibliothèque.
B1 adjective /ˈɡɪvən/

given

donné
Meaning
Specified or stated; already decided or certain.
Example
It is a given fact that hard work leads to success.
Il est un fait donné que le travail acharné mène au succès.
C1 noun ˈkiː.stəʊn ˈspiː.ʃiːz

keystone species

espèce clé
Meaning
A species on which other species in an ecosystem largely depend, such that if it were removed the ecosystem would change drastically.
Example
Wolves are a keystone species that regulate prey populations.
Les loups sont une espèce clé qui régule les populations de proies.
B2 noun /məˈstɑːʃ/

Moustache

moustache
Meaning
hair that grows on the upper lip of men
Example
He grew a thick moustache for the play.
Il a cultivé une moustache épaisse pour la pièce.
C1 adjective /ˈhɑːrdi/

hardy

robuste, résistant
Meaning
Strong, robust, and capable of enduring difficult conditions.
Example
Hardy plants can survive the harsh winter.
Les plantes robustes peuvent survivre à l'hiver rigoureux.
C1 adjective /kənˈteɪ.dʒəs/

Contagious

contagieux; infectieux
Meaning
likely to spread to and affect others; infectious
Example
Her laughter is contagious and makes everyone smile.
Son rire est contagieux et fait sourire tout le monde.
A2 adjective /ruːd/

Rude

rude; impoli; manqué de civilité; dur
Meaning
impolite; discourteous; lacking civility; rough or harsh in manner
Example
It was rude of him to interrupt the meeting.
C'était impoli de sa part d'interrompre la réunion.
B2 verb /ˈvɒmɪt/

vomit

vomir
Meaning
to bring up food from the stomach through the mouth; to be sick
Example
The patient began to vomit after taking the medication.
Le patient a commencé à vomir après avoir pris le médicament.
C1 noun /ˈdʒɪŋ.ɡəl/

Jingle

un son léger produit par des objets métalliques qui s'entrechoquent ; une chanson courte et accrocheuse
Meaning
a light ringing sound such as that made by metal objects being shaken together; a short catchy song
Example
The jingle of keys could be heard as she walked down the hallway.
Le bruit des clés pouvait être entendu pendant qu'elle marchait dans le couloir.
C1 verb /ɪnˈdʌkt/

induct

admettre formellement quelqu'un dans une position, organisation ou bureau
Meaning
to formally admit someone into a position, organization, or office
Example
She was inducted into the university's honor society.
Elle a été admise dans la société d'honneur de l'université.
C1 noun /ˈmɪm.ɪk/

Mimic

imitateur; imiter;
Meaning
A person who copies or imitates the actions, speech, or mannerisms of others
Example
The talented mimic could perfectly imitate famous celebrities.
Le talentueux imitateur pouvait imiter parfaitement les célébrités célèbres.
C2 adjective /ˈvɜːrnəl/

vernal

printanier
Meaning
related to spring; fresh, youthful
Example
The garden was filled with vernal beauty after the long winter.
Le jardin était rempli de beauté printanière après le long hiver.
B2 verb /ˌoʊvərˈsiː/

oversee

superviser
Meaning
to supervise or watch over something; to manage and direct
Example
The manager will oversee the entire construction project.
Le gestionnaire supervisera l'ensemble du projet de construction.
C1 noun /ˌdɪs.ɪˈluː.ʒən.mənt/

disillusionment

désillusion
Meaning
A feeling of disappointment resulting from the discovery that something is not as good as one believed it to be.
Example
Many people experience disillusionment after unrealistic expectations.
Beaucoup de gens ressentent de la désillusion après des attentes irréalistes.
B2 noun /ˌriːprəˈdʌkʃən/

reproduction

reproduction, reproduction
Meaning
The process of producing offspring; the act of copying or duplicating.
Example
The textbook included a detailed diagram of human reproduction.
Le manuel comprenait un diagramme détaillé de la reproduction humaine.