comic
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A2 adjective /ˈkɒmɪk/

comic

comique
Meaning
causing or meant to cause laughter
Example
The movie had several comic scenes.
Le film avait plusieurs scènes comiques.
B2 verb /ˌʌndərˈmaɪn/

undermine

saper
Meaning
to gradually weaken or damage something or someone
Example
Constant criticism can undermine a child's confidence.
Les critiques constantes peuvent saper la confiance d'un enfant.
C1 noun /ˈmaʊθ.fʊl/

mouthful

bouchée
Meaning
the amount of food or drink that fills the mouth, or a long and difficult word or phrase
Example
He took a big mouthful of water after the run.
Il a pris une grande bouchée d'eau après la course.
A1 conjunction /bɪˈkɔːz/

because

parce que
Meaning
for the reason that; since
Example
He stayed home because it was raining.
Il est resté à la maison parce qu'il pleuvait.
C1 adjective /ˈriː.fleks/

Reflex

réflexe
Meaning
an action performed without conscious thought; relating to reflection
Example
The doctor tested her reflex response by tapping her knee.
Le médecin a testé sa réponse réflexe en tapotant son genou.
C1 noun /ˈkʌn.stə.bəl/

constable

agent de police
Meaning
a police officer of the lowest rank
Example
The constable directed traffic at the busy intersection.
L'agent de police a dirigé la circulation à l'intersection animée.
C2 noun /ˈpʌndʒənsi/

pungency

pungence
Meaning
The quality of having a strong, sharp taste or smell.
Example
The pungency of garlic filled the kitchen.
La pungence de l'ail a rempli la cuisine.
B1 verb /leɪ/

lay

poser
Meaning
to put something down in a flat position; to place carefully
Example
Please lay the book on the table.
Veuillez poser le livre sur la table.
B2 noun /ˈmɪs.tʃɪf/

Mischief

espièglerie
Meaning
Playful behavior that causes minor trouble or annoyance but is not meant to cause serious harm
Example
The children were full of mischief during the summer holidays.
Les enfants étaient pleins d'espièglerie pendant les vacances d'été.
B1 noun, adjective, verb /tɛns/

tense

tendu / temps grammatical
Meaning
a grammatical category showing time reference; stretched tight or anxious
Example
She felt tense before the interview.
Elle se sentait tendue avant l'entretien.
C2 adjective /ˈtriːkli/

treacly

Excessivement sucré ou sentimental, comme de la mélasse.
Meaning
Excessively sweet or sentimental, like treacle.
Example
The movie was too treacly for my taste.
Le film était trop sirupeux pour mon goût.
C1 verb /flɪntʃ/

flinch

reculer
Meaning
to suddenly move back or away due to fear or pain
Example
He didn’t flinch when the doctor gave him the injection.
Il n'a pas bronché lorsque le docteur lui a donné l'injection.
C1 noun /næk/

knack

aptitude
Meaning
a natural skill or ability; a special talent for doing something easily
Example
She has a knack for making people feel comfortable.
Elle a une aptitude à rendre les gens à l'aise.
C1 noun /ˌɪnflɛksɪˈbɪlɪti/

inflexibility

inflexibilité
Meaning
the quality of being rigid or unwilling to change; lack of adaptability
Example
The inflexibility of the rules caused unnecessary delays.
L’inflexibilité des règles a causé des retards inutiles.
A2 noun /koʊtʃ/

coach

entraîneur
Meaning
A person who helps improve others' skills or knowledge.
Example
The football coach motivated his team before the match.
L'entraîneur de football a motivé son équipe avant le match.
C1 noun (plural) /ˈhɪntərlændz/

hinterlands

zones reculées
Meaning
Plural of hinterland; remote or less developed regions.
Example
Explorers traveled deep into the hinterlands of the country.
Les explorateurs ont voyagé profondément dans les zones reculées du pays.
C1 adjective ʌnɪnˈhæbɪtəbəl

uninhabitable

inhabitable
Meaning
Not suitable or safe for people to live in.
Example
Rapid urbanization can make cities uninhabitable.
L'urbanisation rapide peut rendre les villes inhabitables.
B2 noun ˈæɡ.rɪ.kʌl.tʃɚ

agriculture

agriculture
Meaning
The science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products.
Example
Sustainable agriculture can help protect the environment.
L'agriculture durable peut aider à protéger l'environnement.
B2 adjective /nəˈtɔːriəs/

notorious

notoire
Meaning
Famous or well-known for something bad or undesirable
Example
The area is notorious for its high crime rate.
Cette région est notoire pour son taux de criminalité élevé.
C2 adjective /ˈpɑːrləs/

parlous

périlleux
Meaning
Full of danger or risk; precarious.
Example
The company is in a parlous financial state.
L'entreprise est dans un état financier précaire.
A2 adjective, noun /ˈkloʊsər/

closer

plus près, clôturant
Meaning
more near in distance or relationship; someone or something that concludes an activity
Example
She moved closer to the window.
Elle s'est approchée de la fenêtre.
C2 adverb /ˌpɛlˈmɛl/

pell-mell

de manière désordonnée
Meaning
In a confused, rushed, or disorderly manner.
Example
The children ran pell-mell through the playground.
Les enfants ont couru de manière désordonnée à travers la cour de récréation.
B2 verb /ˈmɑːdɪfaɪ/

modify

modifier
Meaning
to change or alter something; to make partial changes
Example
We need to modify the plan to include more details.
Nous devons modifier le plan pour inclure plus de détails.
C1 adjective /ˈæm.ɪ.kə.bəl/

amicable

amical
Meaning
Having a spirit of friendliness; without serious disagreement or rancor.
Example
They reached an amicable agreement.
Ils ont conclu un accord amical.
B1 noun /ˈkæt.ər.pɪl.ər/

Caterpillar

chenille
Meaning
the larva of a butterfly or moth that feeds on plants
Example
The caterpillar ate all the leaves on the plant.
La chenille a mangé toutes les feuilles de la plante.
B2 verb /dɒdʒ/

dodge

esquiver
Meaning
to move quickly to one side to avoid something; to avoid dealing with something cleverly or dishonestly
Example
The boxer managed to dodge his opponent's punch.
Le boxeur a réussi à esquiver le coup de son adversaire.
C2 noun /ˈzuːəʊˌplæŋktən/

zooplankton

zooplancton
Meaning
Microscopic aquatic animals that drift in water bodies and form an essential part of the aquatic food chain, serving as food for fish and other marine organisms.
Example
Zooplankton plays an important role in the aquatic food chain.
Le zooplancton joue un rôle important dans la chaîne alimentaire aquatique.
B2 noun /ˈdɪɡ.nə.ti/

Dignity

dignité, honneur, respect de soi
Meaning
the state of being worthy of honor or respect; composure and self-respect
Example
Despite facing hardships, she maintained her dignity throughout the ordeal.
Malgré les difficultés, elle a maintenu sa dignité tout au long de l'épreuve.
C1 verb /reɪv/

rave

aduler
Meaning
to speak or write about something with great enthusiasm or admiration
Example
Critics rave about the new movie.
Les critiques adulent le nouveau film.
C1 verb /ˈmjuːteɪt/

mutate

muter
Meaning
To change or cause to change in form, nature, or character.
Example
The virus can mutate into a more dangerous strain.
Le virus peut muter en une souche plus dangereuse.
C1 adjective /ˈsaɪt.ləs/

Sightless

aveugle; sans vision
Meaning
unable to see; blind; lacking vision
Example
The sightless man navigated the street with his guide dog.
L'homme aveugle a navigué dans la rue avec son chien-guide.
C2 noun /ˌsuː.pɚˈfluː.ə.t̬i/

superfluity

superfluité
Meaning
An excessive amount of something; more than what is needed.
Example
The room was filled with a superfluity of decorations.
La pièce était remplie d'une superfluité de décorations.
A2 noun /ˈsoʊldʒər/

soldier

soldat
Meaning
a person who serves in an army, especially as a professional fighter
Example
The soldier marched proudly with his unit.
Le soldat a marché fièrement avec son unité.
B2 verb /pəˈtroʊl/

patrol

patrouiller
Meaning
to move around an area to watch or guard it
Example
The police patrol the streets at night to ensure safety.
La police patrouille les rues la nuit pour assurer la sécurité.
B2 noun /ɡoʊl ˈsɛt.ɪŋ/

goal-setting

fixation d'objectifs
Meaning
The process of identifying something that you want to accomplish and establishing measurable objectives to achieve it.
Example
Effective goal-setting helps individuals stay focused and motivated.
La fixation d'objectifs efficace aide les individus à rester concentrés et motivés.
B1 noun /ˈfiːdbæk/

feedback

retour
Meaning
information or opinions about how well someone is doing something
Example
She asked her teacher for feedback on her essay.
Elle a demandé à son professeur des retours sur son essai.
B2 adjective /ˈfræntɪk/

frantic

frénétique
Meaning
Extremely anxious, hurried, or out of control due to fear or excitement.
Example
She made a frantic call to her family after the accident.
Elle a passé un appel frénétique à sa famille après l'accident.
C1 adjective /ˈbɔɪənt/ or /ˈbuːjənt/

buoyant

flottant, joyeux
Meaning
Able to float easily; cheerful and optimistic.
Example
She remained buoyant despite the difficulties.
Elle est restée joyeuse malgré les difficultés.
C1 noun /ˈrɪɡər/

rigor

rigueur
Meaning
strictness, severity, or demanding conditions
Example
The training was carried out with great rigor.
L'entraînement a été effectué avec une grande rigueur.
C1 verb /dɪˈfeɪs/

deface

défigurer
Meaning
to spoil the surface or appearance of something, especially by writing or drawing on it
Example
The vandals defaced the wall with graffiti.
Les vandales ont défiguré le mur avec des graffitis.
A2 verb /rɪˈmeɪn/

remain

rester
Meaning
to stay in the same place; to continue to exist
Example
Only a few guests remain at the party.
Seuls quelques invités restent à la fête.
B1 adverb /ˈlɑːrdʒli/

largely

principalement
Meaning
to a great extent; mostly or mainly
Example
The success of the project was largely due to teamwork.
Le succès du projet était principalement dû au travail d'équipe.
B2 verb, adjective /ɪˈlæbəreɪt/ (verb), /ɪˈlæbərət/ (adjective)

elaborate

élaborer / détaillé et compliqué dans la conception
Meaning
verb: to explain something in detail; adjective: detailed and complicated in design
Example
She asked him to elaborate on his proposal.
Elle lui a demandé d'élaborer sur sa proposition.
C1 noun /ˈfaɪər.wɔːl/

firewall

pare-feu
Meaning
A network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.
Example
A firewall protects networks from cyber-attacks.
Un pare-feu protège les réseaux des cyberattaques.
B1 noun /dɪˈzɜːrts/ (noun: reward or punishment deserved)

deserts

ce que quelqu'un mérite, en particulier une punition ou une récompense
Meaning
what someone deserves, especially punishment or reward
Example
He finally got his just deserts for cheating in the exam.
Il a enfin eu ce qu'il méritait pour avoir triché à l'examen.
C1 adjective /ˌhɑːrdˈhɑːrtɪd/

hard-hearted

insensible
Meaning
showing no kindness or sympathy; cruel
Example
The landlord was hard-hearted and refused to help the poor family.
Le propriétaire était insensible et a refusé d'aider la pauvre famille.
B2 verb /bɪˈfrɛnd/

befriend

se lier d'amitié
Meaning
to act as a friend to someone; to make friends with
Example
She befriended the new student at school.
Elle s'est liée d'amitié avec le nouvel élève à l'école.
C2 noun /ˈɔːfəl/

offal

abats
Meaning
the internal organs and entrails of an animal used as food; waste parts
Example
The butcher prepared sausages using pork offal.
Le boucher a préparé des saucisses en utilisant des abats de porc.
C1 noun /ˈklaɪəntɛl/

clientele

clientèle
Meaning
The clients or customers of a professional person or business.
Example
The salon's clientele includes many high-profile individuals.
La clientèle du salon comprend de nombreuses personnes de haut niveau.
B2 noun /ˌæl.əˈɡeɪ.ʃən/

Allegation

accusation
Meaning
a claim that someone has done something wrong or illegal
Example
The allegation against him was proven false.
L'accusation contre lui a été prouvée fausse.
B1 noun /dɪˈpɑː.tʃər/

Departure

départ
Meaning
the action of leaving, especially to start a journey; a deviation from an established course
Example
The departure of the train was delayed by thirty minutes due to technical issues.
Le départ du train a été retardé de trente minutes en raison de problèmes techniques.
C1 noun /ˈpɛndjələm/

pendulum

pendule
Meaning
A weight suspended from a pivot so that it swings freely, often used to regulate clocks.
Example
The pendulum swung back and forth inside the clock.
Le pendule oscillait d'avant en arrière à l'intérieur de l'horloge.
C1 noun /ˈpærɪti/

parity

parité
Meaning
the state or condition of being equal, especially in status or pay
Example
The campaign aims to achieve pay parity between men and women.
La campagne vise à atteindre la parité salariale entre les hommes et les femmes.
B1 noun ɔːlˈtɜːrnətɪv

alternative

alternative
Meaning
(Of one or more things) available as another possibility or choice.
Example
Finding an alternative to plastic is essential.
Trouver une alternative au plastique est essentiel.
C1 verb /ˌrevəˈluːʃənaɪz/

revolutionize

révolutionner
Meaning
Change (something) radically or fundamentally.
Example
Artificial intelligence is set to revolutionize the healthcare sector.
L'intelligence artificielle est prête à révolutionner le secteur de la santé.
C1 noun, verb /ˈfɜːrloʊ/

furlough

congé temporaire
Meaning
temporary leave of absence from work, especially that granted to an employee or soldier
Example
Many workers were placed on furlough during the crisis.
De nombreux travailleurs ont été mis en congé pendant la crise.
C1 verb /ˈvɛnəˌreɪt/

venerate

vénérer
Meaning
to regard with great respect; revere
Example
People venerate saints for their holiness.
Les gens vénèrent les saints pour leur sainteté.
C1 verb /vaʊtʃ/

vouch

témoigner
Meaning
to confirm or assert the truth or reliability of something
Example
I can vouch for his honesty.
Je peux témoigner de son honnêteté.
C1 noun /mɪsˈɡɪvɪŋz/

misgivings

doutes, inquiétudes
Meaning
feelings of doubt or concern about the outcome or propriety of something
Example
She had serious misgivings about signing the contract.
Elle avait de sérieuses inquiétudes à propos de la signature du contrat.
B2 noun /ˌhɪp.əˈpɒt.ə.məs/

Hippopotamus

hippopotame
Meaning
a large, mostly herbivorous mammal that lives in and around water in Africa
Example
The hippopotamus spends most of its day in the water.
L'hippopotame passe la plupart de sa journée dans l'eau.
B1 verb /ˈkæri aʊt/

carry out

effectuer
Meaning
to perform or complete a task; to execute a plan
Example
The team carries out the project successfully.
L'équipe réalise le projet avec succès.
B2 noun /ˈspɛktrəm/

spectrum

spectre
Meaning
A range of different things, often related to colors, ideas, or classifications.
Example
The festival attracted people from across the political spectrum.
Le festival a attiré des gens de tout le spectre politique.
B2 noun /ˈsɪblɪŋ/

sibling

frère/sœur
Meaning
A brother or sister.
Example
She has three siblings, two brothers and one sister.
Elle a trois frères et sœurs, deux frères et une sœur.
C2 noun /məˈrɔː.dər/

marauder

pillard
Meaning
a person who roams around in search of things to steal or people to attack
Example
Villagers feared the marauders who raided their homes.
Les villageois craignaient les pillards qui attaquaient leurs maisons.
A1 noun ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ

language

langage
Meaning
A method of communication used by humans, consisting of spoken and written words structured in specific ways.
Example
Learning a new language can be exciting.
Apprendre une nouvelle langue peut être excitant.
A2 noun tuːlz

Tools

outils
Meaning
A device or implement used to carry out a particular function.
Example
You can use online tools like FamilySearch to create a family tree.
Vous pouvez utiliser des outils en ligne comme FamilySearch pour créer un arbre généalogique.
C2 noun /ˈsɪmpəltən/

simpleton

imbécile
Meaning
a foolish or gullible person
Example
They treated him like a simpleton who could not understand anything complex.
Ils l'ont traité comme un imbécile qui ne pouvait rien comprendre de complexe.
B2 verb /pɔːˈtreɪ/

portray

dépeindre
Meaning
to describe or represent something or someone in a work of art or literature
Example
The novel portrays a vivid picture of life in the countryside.
Le roman dépeint une image vivante de la vie à la campagne.
B2 verb /ˌoʊvərˈduː/

overdo

exagérer
Meaning
to do something too much; to exaggerate or carry to excess
Example
Don't overdo the exercise on your first day at the gym.
Ne fais pas trop d'exercice le premier jour à la salle de sport.
C2 noun /rɪˈfɛkʃən/

refection

repas / alimentation
Meaning
a meal or the act of taking food and drink
Example
The monks gathered for their evening refection.
Les moines se sont réunis pour leur repas du soir.
A2 noun /siːd/

seed

graine
Meaning
the small, hard part of a plant from which a new plant can grow
Example
I planted a seed in the garden.
J'ai planté une graine dans le jardin.
C1 verb /ˌoʊvərˈruːl/

overrule

rejeter
Meaning
to reject or disallow by exercising one's superior authority; to override a decision
Example
The judge overruled the objection from the defense attorney.
Le juge a rejeté l'objection de l'avocat de la défense.
B2 noun /ˈpɔːrɪdʒ/

porridge

bouillie
Meaning
A soft food made by boiling oats or other grains in milk or water.
Example
She had a bowl of porridge for breakfast.
Elle a mangé un bol de bouillie pour le petit déjeuner.
C1 noun/verb /ɡæʃ/

gash

déchirure profonde
Meaning
A long, deep cut or wound; to cut deeply or violently.
Example
He had a deep gash on his leg after the accident.
Il avait une coupure profonde à la jambe après l'accident.
C1 noun /ˈrep.lɪ.kə/

Replica

réplique
Meaning
an exact copy or model of something, especially one on a smaller scale
Example
The museum displayed a perfect replica of the ancient statue.
Le musée a exposé une réplique parfaite de la statue antique.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnsəˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtɪd/

unsophisticated

non sophistiqué
Meaning
Lacking worldly experience, refinement, or complexity.
Example
The villagers led an unsophisticated but happy life.
Les villageois menaient une vie non sophistiquée mais heureuse.
B2 noun /ˈhaɪəˌrɑːrki/

hierarchy

hiérarchie
Meaning
A system in which people or things are arranged in levels of importance or authority.
Example
The corporate hierarchy determines who makes the final decision.
La hiérarchie d'entreprise détermine qui prend la décision finale.
C1 noun ˈpɛd.ə.ɡɒ.dʒi

pedagogy

pédagogie
Meaning
The method and practice of teaching, especially as an academic subject or theoretical concept.
Example
Modern pedagogy focuses on student-centered learning.
La pédagogie moderne se concentre sur l'apprentissage centré sur l'étudiant.
B2 adjective /ˈfeɪvərəbl/

favourable

favorable
Meaning
Expressing approval, support, or positivity; advantageous or beneficial
Example
The weather conditions were favourable for the outdoor event.
Les conditions météorologiques étaient favorables pour l'événement en plein air.
C2 verb /daʊz/

dowse

chercher de l'eau ou des minéraux avec une baguette divinatoire; ou tremper ou éteindre avec un liquide.
Meaning
To search for underground water or minerals using a divining rod; also to drench or extinguish with liquid.
Example
The farmer tried to dowse for water in the dry field.
Le fermier a essayé de chercher de l'eau dans le champ sec.
C2 adverb /ˌðeərˈwɪð/

Therewith

avec cela;
Meaning
together with that; in addition to that
Example
He handed me the contract and the pen therewith.
Il m'a remis le contrat et le stylo avec cela.
A1 verb, noun /kraɪ/

cry

pleurer
Meaning
To shed tears as an expression of emotion such as sadness or pain; also a loud call or shout.
Example
The baby began to cry when she was hungry.
Le bébé a commencé à pleurer lorsqu'elle avait faim.
B2 verb /əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/

acknowledge

reconnaître
Meaning
to accept or admit the existence or truth of something; to recognize
Example
She acknowledged her mistake and apologized.
Elle a reconnu son erreur et s'est excusée.
C2 adjective /əˈsɪdjʊləs/

acidulous

légèrement acide ou amer
Meaning
slightly sour or sharp in taste or manner
Example
The critic wrote an acidulous review of the movie.
Le critique a écrit une critique acide du film.
A2 noun /ɡɑːrd/

Guard

garde; vigile
Meaning
a person who keeps watch, especially a soldier or police officer; a device worn or fitted to prevent injury
Example
The security guard checked everyone's identification before allowing entry to the building.
Le garde de sécurité a vérifié l'identification de tout le monde avant de permettre l'entrée dans le bâtiment.
A1 number /ˌfɪfˈtiːn/

fifteen

quinze
Meaning
the number 15
Example
There are fifteen students in the class.
Il y a quinze étudiants dans la classe.
B1 noun /twɪst/

Twist

tournant; virage; courbe;
Meaning
a turn, curve, or bend; an unexpected development; a dance
Example
The story had an unexpected twist at the end.
L'histoire a eu un tournant inattendu à la fin.
B1 noun /træp/

Trap

piège
Meaning
a device or enclosure designed to catch and retain animals, or a situation from which it is difficult to escape
Example
The mouse was caught in the trap overnight.
La souris a été capturée dans le piège pendant la nuit.
C1 verb /ˈθiːəraɪz/

theorize

théoriser
Meaning
To form a theory or set of ideas to explain something.
Example
Scientists often theorize about the origins of the universe.
Les scientifiques théorisent souvent sur les origines de l'univers.
B1 adjective /ˈneɪtɪv/

native

natif
Meaning
Belonging to a person by birth; originating in a particular place.
Example
He is a native speaker of Bengali.
Il est un locuteur natif du bengali.
C1 adjective, noun /əbˈzɔːrbənt/

absorbent

absorbant
Meaning
able to soak up liquid, moisture, or energy easily; a material or substance that absorbs
Example
This towel is highly absorbent and dries quickly.
Cette serviette est très absorbante et sèche rapidement.
A1 noun /lɒt/

lot

beaucoup
Meaning
A large number or amount; a group or portion.
Example
She bought a lot of books at the fair.
Elle a acheté beaucoup de livres à la foire.
C1 verb /ˈhʌsəl/

hustle

travailler dur / bouger rapidement
Meaning
to move quickly and energetically; to push or work hard to achieve something
Example
She had to hustle to finish the project on time.
Elle a dû travailler dur pour terminer le projet à temps.
C2 noun /tʊˈriːn/

tureen

terrine
Meaning
A large deep dish with a cover, used for serving soups or stews.
Example
She brought the hot soup to the table in a silver tureen.
Elle apporta la soupe chaude à la table dans une terrine argentée.
C2 noun /ˌɔːrəˈtɔːri.oʊ/

oratorio

composition musicale religieuse
Meaning
A large-scale musical composition for orchestra, choir, and soloists, usually on a sacred theme, performed without costumes or scenery.
Example
Handel's 'Messiah' is one of the most famous oratorios ever written.
Le 'Messie' de Handel est l'un des oratorios les plus célèbres jamais écrits.
A1 noun /ˈbɔɪˌfrɛnd/

boyfriend

petit ami
Meaning
a man or boy that someone is having a romantic or close relationship with
Example
She introduced her boyfriend to her parents.
Elle a présenté son petit ami à ses parents.
B2 noun fɪkst ˈɪnkʌm

fixed income

revenu fixe
Meaning
Investment that provides a return in the form of fixed periodic payments.
Example
Fixed income investments provide reliable returns.
Les investissements à revenu fixe fournissent des rendements fiables.
C2 noun /pʌɡˈnæsɪti/

pugnacity

pugnacité
Meaning
A natural disposition to be combative or aggressive.
Example
The coach admired the player's pugnacity on the field.
L'entraîneur admirait la pugnacité du joueur sur le terrain.
B2 noun /ˈlɒtəri/

lottery

loterie
Meaning
A means of raising money by selling numbered tickets and giving prizes to the holders of numbers drawn at random.
Example
He won a car in the national lottery.
Il a gagné une voiture à la loterie nationale.
C2 verb /ˌɛfəˈvɛs/

effervesce

effervescence
Meaning
To give off bubbles of gas; to show excitement, liveliness, or enthusiasm.
Example
The soda began to effervesce as soon as it was opened.
Le soda a commencé à effervescir dès qu'il a été ouvert.
C2 adjective /rɪˈfræktəri/

refractory

réfractaire
Meaning
Stubborn or resistant to control, authority, or treatment.
Example
The refractory child refused to follow the teacher's instructions.
L'enfant réfractaire a refusé de suivre les instructions du professeur.
C2 noun /ˈkrɛməˌtɔːri/

crematory

crématorium
Meaning
a place where dead bodies are cremated
Example
The crematory was located near the cemetery.
Le crématorium était situé près du cimetière.
C2 adjective /ˈmjuːtɪnəs/

mutinous

mutin
Meaning
refusing to obey authority; rebellious
Example
The soldiers grew mutinous after months without pay.
Les soldats sont devenus mutins après des mois sans salaire.
B2 adjective /ˈmæn.dəˌtɔːr.i/

mandatory

obligatoire
Meaning
required by law or rules; compulsory
Example
Wearing seat belts is mandatory in most countries.
Le port de la ceinture de sécurité est obligatoire dans la plupart des pays.
B1 verb /pəʊs(t)ˈpəʊn/

postpone

reporter
Meaning
to delay something to a later time
Example
The meeting was postponed until next week.
La réunion a été reportée à la semaine prochaine.
C1 adjective /ˈskeɪ.li/

Scaly

écailleux
Meaning
covered with scales; having a rough surface like scales
Example
The fish has scaly skin.
Le poisson a une peau écailleuse.
C1 noun /prɪˈtɛnʃən/

pretension

prétention, fausse apparence
Meaning
A claim or assertion to something, often without justification; an attempt to impress by showing greater importance or talent than is actually possessed.
Example
His pretension to be an expert was quickly exposed.
Sa prétention à être un expert a été rapidement exposée.
C1 /splɪnt/

splint

attelle
Meaning
A rigid device used to support and immobilize a broken or injured body part.
Example
The doctor applied a splint to stabilize the patient's broken arm.
Le médecin a appliqué une attelle pour stabiliser le bras cassé du patient.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnˈekspɜːrt/

inexpert

inexpérimenté
Meaning
not skilled or experienced; lacking expertise
Example
The inexpert handling of the machine caused several mistakes.
La manipulation inexpérimentée de la machine a causé plusieurs erreurs.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɜːrviəs/

impervious

imperméable
Meaning
Not allowing fluid to pass through; unable to be affected by something.
Example
The jacket is impervious to rain.
La veste est imperméable à la pluie.
C1 adjective /rɪˈsɪ.prə.kəl/

Reciprocal

réciproque; mutuel; partagé également entre les deux parties;
Meaning
given or done in return; mutual; shared equally by both parties;
Example
The two countries have a reciprocal trade agreement.
Les deux pays ont un accord commercial réciproque.
C2 adjective /raɪˈpɛə.ri.ən/

riparian

relatif ou situé sur les rives d'un fleuve ou d'un autre cours d'eau
Meaning
Relating to or situated on the banks of a river or other watercourse.
Example
Riparian vegetation helps prevent soil erosion along rivers.
La végétation riparienne aide à prévenir l'érosion des sols le long des rivières.
C2 noun ˌsʌb.dʒʊˈɡeɪ.ʃən

subjugation

soumission ou domination
Meaning
The action of bringing someone or something under domination or control, especially by force.
Example
The subjugation of weaker nations by colonial powers shaped history.
La soumission des nations plus faibles par les puissances coloniales a façonné l'histoire.
B1 verb /lend/

lend

prêter
Meaning
to give temporarily; to allow someone to use something
Example
Can you lend me your pen?
Peux-tu me prêter ton stylo ?
C1 adjective /ˈplaɪəbəl/

pliable

flexible
Meaning
easily bent or flexible; adaptable
Example
The metal is pliable enough to be shaped into jewelry.
Le métal est suffisamment flexible pour être façonné en bijoux.
C1 noun /ˈɑːrmfʊl/

armful

bras plein
Meaning
As much as can be carried in one or both arms.
Example
She carried an armful of books into the library.
Elle a porté un bras plein de livres à la bibliothèque.
C1 adjective /ˈæv.ɪd/

avid

avide
Meaning
having an eager desire or enthusiasm for something
Example
She is an avid reader of mystery novels.
Elle est une lectrice avide de romans mystérieux.
C1 noun /ˈfɛləni/

felony

crime grave
Meaning
a serious crime, usually punishable by imprisonment for more than one year
Example
He was convicted of a felony and sentenced to ten years in prison.
Il a été reconnu coupable d'un crime grave et condamné à dix ans de prison.
B2 verb /kəˈlæps/

collapse

s'effondrer
Meaning
to fall down or inward suddenly; to break down completely
Example
The old building collapsed after the earthquake.
Le vieux bâtiment s'est effondré après le tremblement de terre.
C1 noun /ˈmɑː.kɪt ˌpen.ɪˈtreɪ.ʃən/

Market Penetration

pénétration du marché
Meaning
A measure of the amount of sales or adoption of a product or service compared to the total theoretical market for that product or service.
Example
High market penetration ensures competitive dominance.
Une forte pénétration du marché assure la domination concurrentielle.
B2 noun /ˈnek.taɪ/

Necktie

cravate
Meaning
a strip of cloth worn around the neck under a shirt collar and tied in front
Example
He adjusted his necktie before the important meeting.
Il a ajusté sa cravate avant la réunion importante.