Berth
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C1 noun /bɜːrθ/

Berth

couchette; un endroit pour dormir dans un bateau, un train ou un autre véhicule
Meaning
a sleeping place in a ship, train, or other vehicle; a place where a ship can dock
Example
I booked an upper berth on the overnight train.
J'ai réservé une couchette supérieure dans le train de nuit.
C1 noun /ˈkɒnfɪdænt/

confidant

confident
Meaning
A person with whom one shares a secret or private matter, trusting them not to repeat it.
Example
She found a true confidant in her childhood friend.
Elle a trouvé un vrai confident dans son ami d'enfance.
C1 verb /ˈskwɒbəl/

squabble

se disputer bruyamment pour quelque chose de trivial
Meaning
To argue noisily over something small or unimportant.
Example
The children squabbled over the last piece of cake.
Les enfants se disputaient pour le dernier morceau de gâteau.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtɒl.ər.ə.bəl/

Intolerable

intolérable
Meaning
unable to be endured; extremely unpleasant or painful
Example
The noise from the construction site was intolerable.
Le bruit du chantier était intolérable.
C1 noun /buːn/

boon

bénédiction
Meaning
A thing that is helpful or beneficial.
Example
The internet is a boon to modern education.
Internet est une bénédiction pour l'éducation moderne.
C1 noun /ˈpiːɒn/

peon

péon
Meaning
a low-ranking worker, often performing menial tasks
Example
The office peon delivered the files to each department.
Le péon du bureau a remis les dossiers à chaque département.
C1 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈprɛsəbl̩/

irrepressible

irrépressible
Meaning
Impossible to control or restrain.
Example
She had an irrepressible urge to laugh during the speech.
Elle ne pouvait cacher son irrépressible envie de rire pendant le discours.
C1 noun /ˈlɪmboʊ/

limbo

incertitude, état de suspension
Meaning
A state of uncertainty or neglect; an intermediate or transitional state.
Example
The project was left in limbo after the funding was withdrawn.
Le projet a été laissé dans l'incertitude après le retrait du financement.
C1 verb /ˈlɪbəreɪt/

liberate

libérer
Meaning
to set free from imprisonment, oppression, or restraint
Example
The army liberated the city from enemy control.
L'armée a libéré la ville du contrôle ennemi.
C1 verb /ˈhæmpər/

hamper

entraver
Meaning
to hinder or impede the movement or progress of
Example
The heavy rain hampered our travel plans.
La forte pluie a entravé nos plans de voyage.
C1 verb ˈsɪn.θə.saɪ.zɪŋ

synthesizing

synthétiser, combiner, présenter de manière cohérente
Meaning
Combine (a number of things) into a coherent whole.
Example
He excels in synthesizing ideas from different sources.
Il excelle à synthétiser des idées provenant de différentes sources.
C1 noun /ˌdɛməˈlɪʃən/

demolition

démolition
Meaning
the act or process of destroying a building or structure
Example
The demolition of the old factory took several weeks.
La démolition de l'ancienne usine a pris plusieurs semaines.
C1 verb /dɪsˈfɪɡjər/

disfigure

défigurer
Meaning
to spoil or damage the appearance of something
Example
The fire disfigured the old building.
Le feu a défiguré le vieux bâtiment.
C1 verb /ˈsʌkɪŋ/

sucking

sucer
Meaning
Drawing in a liquid, air, or other substance through the mouth or a tube by creating a vacuum; also used figuratively for something unpleasant or ineffective
Example
The baby is sucking on a pacifier.
Le bébé suce une tétine.
C1 verb, noun /ˈbreɪnˌwɒʃ/

brainwash

lavage de cerveau
Meaning
to manipulate someone into adopting certain beliefs by repeated pressure or propaganda; the act or process of such manipulation
Example
The group tried to brainwash new members with constant propaganda.
Le groupe a essayé de faire un lavage de cerveau aux nouveaux membres.
C1 adjective/adverb /əˈmɪs/

amiss

incorrect
Meaning
Not quite right; inappropriate or out of place.
Example
Something seems amiss with the car's engine.
Il semble y avoir quelque chose d'incorrect avec le moteur de la voiture.
C1 noun /ˈlɛɡɪŋ/

legging

leggings ajustés
Meaning
tight-fitting stretch pants, typically worn by women for exercise or casual wear
Example
She bought a new pair of black leggings for the gym.
Elle a acheté une nouvelle paire de leggings noirs pour la salle de sport.
C1 noun /ˈædɪdʒ/

adage

proverbe
Meaning
a short, well-known saying that expresses a general truth or piece of advice
Example
The old adage says that honesty is the best policy.
Le vieux proverbe dit que l'honnêteté est la meilleure politique.
C1 verb /əˈseɪl/

assail

assaillir
Meaning
to attack violently, either physically or with words
Example
The politician was assailed with difficult questions.
Le politicien a été assailli par des questions difficiles.
C1 noun /ɪkˈstrækʃən/

extraction

extraction
Meaning
the act of removing something, especially by pulling it out
Example
The extraction of oil from the ground requires special equipment.
L'extraction de pétrole du sol nécessite des équipements spéciaux.
C1 adjective ˈpɪv.ə.təl

pivotal

crucial
Meaning
Of crucial importance in relation to the development or success of something else.
Example
Renewable energy plays a pivotal role in sustainability.
L'énergie renouvelable joue un rôle crucial dans la durabilité.
C1 verb প্রিসিপিটেট

precipitate

précipiter
Meaning
To fall from the sky as rain, snow, or other forms of water.
Example
Vapor precipitates as rain in warmer climates.
La vapeur précipite sous forme de pluie dans les climats plus chauds.
C1 noun /ˈdɒktrɪn/

doctrine

doctrine
Meaning
A set of beliefs or principles held and taught by a religious, political, or other group.
Example
The church follows a strict doctrine on moral values.
L'église suit une doctrine stricte sur les valeurs morales.
C1 noun /ˌdɪsərˈteɪʃən/

dissertation

thèse
Meaning
A long piece of writing on a particular subject, usually written for a university degree.
Example
She spent two years writing her doctoral dissertation.
Elle a passé deux ans à rédiger sa thèse doctorale.
C1 noun /ˌnoʊtəˈraɪəti/

notoriety

notoriété
Meaning
The state of being famous or well-known for something bad.
Example
The criminal gained notoriety for his daring escapes.
Le criminel a gagné de la notoriété pour ses évasions audacieuses.
C1 noun /ˈtoʊɡə/

toga

toge
Meaning
A loose outer garment worn in ancient Rome, typically draped over the shoulders and body.
Example
The senator wore a white toga during the ceremony.
Le sénateur portait une toge blanche pendant la cérémonie.
C1 verb /sɪft/

sift

tamis / examiner soigneusement
Meaning
to separate or sort through carefully, often using a sieve or by examining closely
Example
She sifted the flour before adding it to the cake mixture.
Elle tamisait la farine avant de l'ajouter au mélange de gâteau.
C1 noun /ˌplɔː.zəˈbɪl.ə.ti/

plausibility

plausibilité
Meaning
The quality of being reasonable or probable.
Example
The plausibility of his explanation convinced the jury.
La plausibilité de son explication a convaincu le jury.
C1 noun, adjective, verb /səˈbɔːrdənət/ (noun/adjective), /səˈbɔːrdəˌneɪt/ (verb)

subordinate

subordonné
Meaning
lower in rank or position; to treat as less important
Example
He manages ten subordinates in his department.
Il gère dix subordonnés dans son département.
C1 noun /sɔɪl ˈmæn.ɪdʒ.mənt/

soil management

gestion des sols
Meaning
The application of operations, practices, and treatments to protect soil and enhance its performance.
Example
Proper soil management improves long-term agricultural productivity.
Une gestion appropriée des sols améliore la productivité agricole à long terme.
C1 verb, adjective, noun /spruːs/

spruce

ranger / un type d'arbre
Meaning
to make neat or tidy in appearance; also refers to an evergreen tree
Example
He spruced up his room before the guests arrived.
Il a arrangé sa chambre avant l'arrivée des invités.
C1 verb /ˈpɜːrpɔːrt/

purport

prétendre
Meaning
to claim or profess something, often falsely
Example
The document purports to be an official government report.
Le document prétend être un rapport officiel du gouvernement.
C1 noun /ʌnˈfeɪθfʊlnəs/

unfaithfulness

infidélité
Meaning
the quality of being disloyal or not faithful; breach of trust or fidelity
Example
His unfaithfulness led to the end of their marriage.
Son infidélité a conduit à la fin de leur mariage.
C1 noun /ˈtæl.i/

Tally

compte; enregistrement; score
Meaning
a count or record of a number or amount; a score or total
Example
Keep a tally of how many books you read this month.
Tenez un compte du nombre de livres que vous lisez ce mois-ci.
C1 adjective /ˈfɔːrsəbl/

forcible

forcé
Meaning
Done by force; using physical strength or power.
Example
The police made a forcible entry into the house.
La police a fait une entrée forcée dans la maison.
C1 verb /ˈvæŋkwɪʃ/

vanquish

vaincre
Meaning
to defeat thoroughly, especially in battle or competition
Example
The army vanquished its enemies with superior strategy.
L'armée a vaincu ses ennemis grâce à une stratégie supérieure.
C1 adverb /əˈkjuːtli/

acutely

aigüement
Meaning
in a sharp, intense, or severe way; with keen awareness
Example
She was acutely aware of the risks involved.
Elle était aigüement consciente des risques encourus.
C1 noun /ɛkˈspeɪtriət/

expatriate

expatrié
Meaning
a person who lives outside their native country
Example
Many expatriates gather in the city’s international community.
De nombreux expatriés se rassemblent dans la communauté internationale de la ville.
C1 adjective /ˌæntiˈneɪtl/

antenatal

prénatal
Meaning
Relating to the medical care and treatment given to a pregnant woman before the birth of her child.
Example
She attended regular antenatal checkups throughout her pregnancy.
Elle a assisté à des consultations prénatales régulières tout au long de sa grossesse.
C1 noun /dɪˈfɔː.mə.ti/

Deformity

déformation; malformation physique
Meaning
a distorted or unnatural shape or form; physical malformation
Example
The accident caused a permanent deformity in his left hand.
L'accident a causé une déformation permanente dans sa main gauche.
C1 verb /pəˈveɪd/

pervade

se répandre
Meaning
to spread through and be present in every part of something
Example
The smell of fresh flowers pervaded the entire room.
L'odeur des fleurs fraîches a envahi toute la pièce.
C1 adjective /ɛsˈθɛtɪk/

esthetic

esthétique
Meaning
Concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty.
Example
The building’s esthetic design attracted many visitors.
Le design esthétique du bâtiment a attiré de nombreux visiteurs.
C1 adjective /ˌtaɪpəˈɡræfɪkəl/

typographical

typographique
Meaning
relating to the style, arrangement, or appearance of printed text
Example
There was a typographical error in the book.
Il y avait une erreur typographique dans le livre.
C1 adjective /dɪˈmɛntɪd/

demented

dément / irrationnel
Meaning
behaving irrationally due to mental illness or extreme excitement
Example
He looked demented after hearing the shocking news.
Il avait l'air dément après avoir entendu la nouvelle choquante.
C1 adjective /ˈærɪd/

arid

aride
Meaning
extremely dry; lacking in interest or excitement
Example
The desert is known for its arid climate.
Le désert est connu pour son climat aride.
C1 adjective /ˈmɔːrn.fəl/

mournful

triste
Meaning
feeling, expressing, or causing sadness or grief
Example
The mournful song reminded her of lost loved ones.
La chanson triste lui rappela ses proches perdus.
C1 noun /ɪmˈpɒs.tər/

Impostor

imposteur; fraudeur
Meaning
a person who pretends to be someone else in order to deceive others; a fraud
Example
The impostor convinced everyone he was a doctor until his fake credentials were discovered.
L'imposteur a convaincu tout le monde qu'il était un médecin jusqu'à ce que ses faux diplômes soient découverts.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnˈpɑr.də.nə.bəl/

Unpardonable

impardonnable
Meaning
too bad to be forgiven; inexcusable
Example
His betrayal of trust was an unpardonable offense.
Sa trahison était un délit impardonnable.
C1 noun /ˈnep.ə.tɪz.əm/

Nepotism

Népotisme
Meaning
the practice of favoring relatives or friends in business or politics
Example
The company was accused of nepotism in its hiring practices.
L'entreprise a été accusée de népotisme dans ses pratiques d'embauche.
C1 noun /aɪl/

isle

petite île
Meaning
A small island or peninsula, often poetic or literary.
Example
They spent their honeymoon on a beautiful tropical isle.
Ils ont passé leur lune de miel sur une belle île tropicale.
C1 noun ˈɛf.lu.ənt

effluent

eaux usées ou polluées
Meaning
Liquid waste or sewage discharged into a river or the sea.
Example
Factory effluent contaminates nearby rivers and lakes.
Les effluents des usines contaminent les rivières et les lacs voisins.
C1 adjective /ˈnɔːrmətɪv/

normative

normatif
Meaning
relating to rules, standards, or norms that govern behavior or beliefs
Example
The study focused on the normative aspects of cultural behavior.
L'étude s'est concentrée sur les aspects normatifs du comportement culturel.
C1 adjective /ˈprɒdɪɡəl/

prodigal

dissipateur
Meaning
spending money or resources freely and recklessly; wastefully extravagant
Example
The prodigal son returned home after wasting his inheritance.
Le fils prodigue est revenu à la maison après avoir gaspillé son héritage.
C1 noun /meər/

Mare

jument
Meaning
an adult female horse
Example
The beautiful mare galloped across the meadow.
La belle jument galopait à travers le pré.
C1 verb /ˌaʊtˈweɪ/

outweigh

avoir plus de poids
Meaning
To be more important, valuable, or significant than something else.
Example
The benefits of the new policy outweigh the risks.
Les avantages de la nouvelle politique l'emportent sur les risques.
C1 verb /ænˈtæɡənaɪz/

antagonize

antagoniser
Meaning
to cause someone to become hostile or angry; to provoke opposition
Example
His rude remarks only served to antagonize his colleagues.
Ses remarques impolies n'ont servi qu'à antagoniser ses collègues.
C1 adjective /ˈmɜː.sɪ.ləs/

Merciless

impitoyable; cruel;
Meaning
showing no mercy or pity; cruel and heartless
Example
The merciless dictator showed no compassion.
Le dictateur impitoyable n'a montré aucune compassion.
C1 adjective /ˌθiːəˈlɒdʒɪkl/

theological

théologique
Meaning
Relating to the study of theology or religious belief.
Example
He wrote a theological paper on the concept of divine justice.
Il a écrit un article théologique sur le concept de justice divine.
C1 noun /ˈdʒʌɡ.lər/

Juggler

jongleur
Meaning
a person who skillfully throws and catches objects as entertainment
Example
The juggler entertained the crowd with his amazing ball tricks.
Le jongleur a diverti la foule avec ses incroyables tours de balles.
C1 noun /fjuːd/

feud

querelle, inimitié
Meaning
a prolonged and bitter quarrel or conflict, often between families or groups
Example
The two families have been in a feud for generations.
Les deux familles sont en conflit depuis des générations.
C1 verb /ˌkɒm.pɑːtˈmen.təl.aɪz/

compartmentalize

compartimenter
Meaning
To divide into sections or categories; to separate things into compartments.
Example
To increase efficiency, he compartmentalized his work tasks.
Pour augmenter l'efficacité, il a compartimenté ses tâches de travail.
C1 noun rɪˈdɛmpʃən

redemption

rédemption
Meaning
The action of saving or being saved from sin, error, or evil.
Example
The story highlights the theme of redemption.
L'histoire met en avant le thème de la rédemption.
C1 adjective /ˌmed.iˈiː.vəl/

Mediaeval

médiéval
Meaning
relating to the Middle Ages; medieval
Example
The castle displayed mediaeval architecture and design.
Le château affichait une architecture et un design médiévaux.
C1 adjective /haɪˈdrɔːlɪk/

hydraulic

hydraulique
Meaning
operated by the pressure of liquid, especially water or oil
Example
The mechanic repaired the hydraulic system of the machine.
Le mécanicien a réparé le système hydraulique de la machine.
C1 noun /ˈwaɪt.lɪst.ɪŋ/

whitelisting

Identification des utilisateurs, logiciels ou adresses IP comme sûrs et fiables
Meaning
Identifying specific users, software, or IP addresses as safe and trusted
Example
Only verified applications are allowed through whitelisting.
Seules les applications vérifiées sont autorisées via la liste blanche.
C1 adjective /ˈfleɪɡrənt/

flagrant

flagrant et clairement erroné
Meaning
shockingly noticeable or evident; glaringly wrong
Example
It was a flagrant violation of the rules.
C'était une violation évidente des règles.
C1 noun /ˌʌnbɪˈliːf/

Unbelief

incrédulité
Meaning
lack of religious belief; skepticism or doubt
Example
His unbelief in the supernatural made him a skeptic.
Son incrédulité face au surnaturel l'a transformé en un sceptique.
C1 noun ˌdɪdʒɪˈnɛəreɪʃən

degeneration

dégénérescence
Meaning
The process of decline or deterioration in structure or function.
Example
The degeneration of brain cells leads to cognitive decline.
La dégénérescence des cellules cérébrales conduit à un déclin cognitif.
C1 noun /ˈkrɛvɪs/

crevice

fissure
Meaning
a narrow crack or opening, especially in a rock or wall
Example
The lizard hid in a crevice between the stones.
Le lézard s'est caché dans une fissure entre les pierres.
C1 noun /ˌsɛnsəˈbɪləti/

Sensibility

sensibilité
Meaning
the ability to appreciate and respond to complex emotional or aesthetic influences; sensitivity
Example
Her artistic sensibility made her appreciate fine details in paintings.
Sa sensibilité artistique lui a permis d'apprécier les détails fins des peintures.
C1 verb /ɪmˈploʊd/

implode

imploser
Meaning
To collapse or burst inward violently.
Example
The old building imploded during the demolition.
Le vieux bâtiment a implosé pendant la démolition.
C1 /skwɒt/

squat

s'accroupir
Meaning
to crouch or sit with knees bent and body close to the ground
Example
He squatted down to tie his shoes.
Il s'est accroupi pour lacer ses chaussures.
C1 verb /riːˈfɜːrbɪʃ/

refurbish

rénover
Meaning
To renovate or redecorate something, especially a building.
Example
The company decided to refurbish its old office.
L'entreprise a décidé de rénover son vieux bureau.
C1 noun /ˈɪnstɪˌɡeɪtər/

instigator

instigateur
Meaning
A person who brings about or initiates something, usually something bad.
Example
The police identified him as the instigator of the violence.
La police l'a identifié comme l'instigateur de la violence.
C1 adjective /prəˈvoʊkɪŋ/

Provoking

provocateur
Meaning
causing anger or strong reaction; irritating; stimulating
Example
His provoking comments made everyone angry.
Ses commentaires provocateurs ont mis tout le monde en colère.
C1 noun /djuːˈɛt/

duet

duo
Meaning
a musical performance by two singers or instrumentalists
Example
They sang a beautiful duet together on stage.
Ils ont chanté un magnifique duo ensemble sur scène.
C1 noun /ˈbæs.ti.ən/

bastion

bastion, forteresse
Meaning
a stronghold or fortification; a place or institution strongly defending particular principles
Example
The castle stood as a bastion against enemy attacks.
Le château se tenait comme un bastion contre les attaques ennemies.
C1 adjective /ˈvɛnərəbəl/

Venerable

vénérable; respecté
Meaning
deserving respect due to age, wisdom, or character; revered
Example
The venerable professor has taught at the university for fifty years.
Le vénérable professeur enseigne à l'université depuis cinquante ans.
C1 verb sɪˈkwɛstər

sequester

isoler, cacher
Meaning
To isolate or hide away.
Example
The carbon captured by trees can be sequestered for years.
Le carbone capturé par les arbres peut être isolé pendant des années.
C1 adjective /ˈmæn.əd/

mannered

affecté / artificiel
Meaning
Having or showing a particular manner, especially an artificial or affected one.
Example
The actor’s performance was too mannered to feel natural.
La performance de l'acteur était trop affectée pour sembler naturelle.
C1 noun /ɪˈreləvəns/

irrelevance

irrélevance
Meaning
the quality of not being connected to or important for a particular matter; lack of significance
Example
His long explanation only highlighted the irrelevance of the details to the main issue.
Sa longue explication n’a fait que souligner l’irrélevance des détails pour le sujet principal.
C1 adjective /ˌaɪ.di.əˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/

ideological

idéologique
Meaning
Relating to or based on a system of ideas or beliefs.
Example
The two parties are divided by deep ideological differences.
Les deux partis sont divisés par de profondes divergences idéologiques.
C1 verb /rɪˈmɪt/

remit

envoyer de l'argent / pardonner
Meaning
To send money in payment or as a gift; to cancel or refrain from exacting a debt or punishment.
Example
He promised to remit the payment by the end of the week.
Il a promis de remettre le paiement d'ici la fin de la semaine.
C1 adjective /ˌrɛtroʊˈæktɪv/

retroactive

rétroactif
Meaning
applying to a period before it was enacted or established
Example
The new law was made retroactive to cover past cases.
La nouvelle loi a été rendue rétroactive pour couvrir les affaires passées.
C1 noun /ˈnaɪ.tɪŋ.ɡeɪl/

Nightingale

rossignol
Meaning
small songbird known for its beautiful singing, especially at night
Example
The nightingale sang sweetly in the moonlight.
Le rossignol chanta doucement sous la lumière de la lune.
C1 verb /dɪˈspɜːrs/

disperse

disperser
Meaning
To scatter or spread widely in different directions.
Example
The police used tear gas to disperse the crowd.
La police a utilisé du gaz lacrymogène pour disperser la foule.
C1 noun /ˈmætrəˌmoʊni/

matrimony

mariage
Meaning
The state of being married; marriage.
Example
They entered into matrimony after years of friendship.
Ils sont entrés dans le mariage après des années d'amitié.
C1 verb ɪˈnɔː.ɡjə.reɪ.tɪd

inaugurated

inauguré
Meaning
Begin or introduce (a system, policy, or period) formally.
Example
The organization was inaugurated officially.
L'organisation a été inaugurée officiellement.
C1 noun /ˈskɛptɪk/

skeptic

sceptique
Meaning
A person who doubts or questions accepted beliefs or claims.
Example
The scientist was a skeptic of theories without solid evidence.
Le scientifique était sceptique des théories sans preuve solide.
C1 noun /əˈtrɑːsəti/

atrocity

atrocité
Meaning
an extremely cruel or violent act, often involving physical violence
Example
The world condemned the atrocity committed against civilians.
Le monde a condamné l'atrocité commise contre les civils.
C1 adjective /ˌɛnɪɡˈmætɪk/

enigmatic

énigmatique
Meaning
mysterious and difficult to interpret or understand
Example
He gave me an enigmatic smile.
Il m'a donné un sourire énigmatique.
C1 noun ˌes.kəˈleɪ.ʃən

escalation

augmentation rapide; une montée.
Meaning
A rapid increase; a rise.
Example
The escalation of production costs impacts profitability.
L'escalade des coûts de production impacte la rentabilité.
C1 verb /ˈræʃənəlaɪz/

rationalize

rationaliser
Meaning
to attempt to explain or justify behavior or decisions with logical reasons, even if they are not true or appropriate
Example
She tried to rationalize her lateness by blaming the traffic.
Elle a essayé de rationaliser son retard en blâmant le trafic.
C1 noun ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl səˈpɔːrt

indispensable support

soutien indispensable
Meaning
Essential assistance that cannot be done without; absolutely necessary help.
Example
Volunteers provide indispensable support to communities.
Les bénévoles apportent un soutien indispensable aux communautés.
C1 noun /pɪˌdɛs.tri.ə.naɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/

pedestrianization

pédestrianisation
Meaning
Making areas pedestrian-friendly, closing any area to vehicle traffic and making it open only for pedestrians.
Example
The pedestrianization of city centers reduces pollution.
La piétonnisation des centres-villes réduit la pollution.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɑːrʃəl/

Impartial

impartial; neutre
Meaning
treating all sides fairly; unbiased; neutral
Example
A good judge must remain impartial throughout the trial.
Un bon juge doit rester impartial tout au long du procès.
C1 noun/adjective /klɛft/

cleft

fissure
Meaning
a split or crack; a space or opening made by cleavage
Example
The goat disappeared into a cleft in the rocks.
La chèvre a disparu dans une fissure dans les rochers.
C1 verb /ˈlaɪ.kən/

liken

comparer
Meaning
to compare one thing to another, often in a figurative way
Example
He likened her voice to sweet music.
Il a comparé sa voix à de la musique douce.
C1 noun ˈkætəlɪst

catalyst

catalyseur
Meaning
A person or thing that precipitates an event or change.
Example
His speech acted as a catalyst for change in the community.
Son discours a agi comme un catalyseur pour le changement dans la communauté.
C1 noun /ˈpɛdɪɡriː/

pedigree

lignée
Meaning
the recorded ancestry or lineage of a person, family, or animal; the history or origin of something
Example
The dog has a pedigree that traces back several generations.
Le chien a une lignée qui remonte à plusieurs générations.
C1 verb /rɪˈsɪprəˌkeɪt/

reciprocate

répondre
Meaning
To respond to an action or gesture by making a corresponding one.
Example
She smiled at him, and he reciprocated with a warm hug.
Elle a souri, et il a répondu par un câlin chaleureux.
C1 noun /taɪˈreɪd/

tirade

diatribe
Meaning
a long, angry, or critical speech
Example
The manager launched into a tirade about poor performance.
Le responsable a lancé une diatribe sur la mauvaise performance.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːrwɜːrd/

foreword

préface
Meaning
a short introduction at the beginning of a book, typically written by someone other than the author
Example
The foreword of the book was written by a famous historian.
La préface du livre a été écrite par un historien célèbre.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnkɒmprɪˈhɛnsəbl/

incomprehensible

incompréhensible
Meaning
Impossible or very difficult to understand.
Example
The professor’s lecture was so fast it became incomprehensible.
Le cours du professeur était tellement rapide qu'il est devenu incompréhensible.
C1 noun /ˈmɪl.ɪ.tənt/

Militant

militant
Meaning
A person who uses aggressive or violent methods to promote a political or social cause
Example
The militant group demanded immediate political reforms.
Le groupe militant a exigé des réformes politiques immédiates.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɑːrt/

impart

transmettre
Meaning
to make information known; to bestow or communicate
Example
The teacher imparted valuable knowledge to her students.
L'enseignant a imparté des connaissances précieuses à ses élèves.
C1 noun/verb /reɪn/

rein

rênes / contrôle
Meaning
A strap used to control a horse; to control or guide something.
Example
The rider pulled the rein to stop the horse.
Le cavalier a tiré sur la rêne pour arrêter le cheval.
C1 noun /pəˈtɜːrnəti/

paternity

paternité
Meaning
The state of being someone's father.
Example
He demanded a paternity test to confirm his relationship with the child.
Il a exigé un test de paternité pour confirmer sa relation avec l'enfant.
C1 adjective /ˈsɪlkən/

Silken

en soie; doux; lisse;
Meaning
made of silk; smooth and soft like silk
Example
She wore a beautiful silken dress to the party.
Elle portait une belle robe en soie à la fête.
C1 adjective /ˈroʊtəri/

rotary

rotatif
Meaning
Relating to or characterized by rotation; revolving around an axis.
Example
The machine uses a rotary engine to function efficiently.
La machine utilise un moteur rotatif pour fonctionner efficacement.
C1 verb /əˈskraɪb/

ascribe

attribuer, assigner
Meaning
To attribute something to a cause, source, or person.
Example
Many scholars ascribe the poem to an unknown author.
Beaucoup de chercheurs attribuent le poème à un auteur inconnu.
C1 noun /ˈɔːtəkræt/

autocrat

autocrate
Meaning
A ruler with absolute power.
Example
The autocrat controlled the country with an iron fist.
L'autocrate contrôlait le pays d'une main de fer.
C1 noun /ɪnˈsɜːrdʒənt/

insurgent

insurgé
Meaning
A person who rises in revolt against authority or government.
Example
The army arrested several insurgents after the attack.
L'armée a arrêté plusieurs insurgés après l'attaque.
C1 noun, adjective /ˈsɛntənəri/ or /sɛnˈtɛnəri/

centenary

centenaire
Meaning
The hundredth anniversary of a significant event; relating to a period of 100 years.
Example
The school celebrated its centenary with a grand event.
L'école a célébré son centenaire avec un grand événement.
C1 noun /ˈʃʊɡ.ər ˈkæn.di/

Sugar candy

bonbon de sucre
Meaning
crystallized sugar formed into small pieces; rock candy made from sugar syrup
Example
The children enjoyed eating colorful sugar candy at the festival.
Les enfants ont adoré manger des bonbons sucrés colorés lors du festival.
C1 noun /ˌsæbəˈtɜːr/

saboteur

saboteur
Meaning
A person who engages in sabotage.
Example
The saboteur was arrested before he could plant the bomb.
Le saboteur a été arrêté avant qu'il ne puisse planter la bombe.
C1 adjective /ˈfrɔːdjʊlənt/

fraudulent

frauduleux
Meaning
Involving or using deceit, especially criminal deception.
Example
He was arrested for making fraudulent insurance claims.
Il a été arrêté pour avoir fait des demandes frauduleuses d'assurance.
C1 adjective /ˈkrɛdɪtəbl/

creditable

digne d'éloges
Meaning
Deserving praise or acknowledgment, though not necessarily outstanding.
Example
She made a creditable effort in completing the project on time.
Elle a fait un effort digne d'éloges en terminant le projet à temps.
C1 verb /kliːv/

cleave

fendre, couper
Meaning
to split or divide; to cut through forcefully
Example
He used an axe to cleave the wood.
Il a utilisé une hache pour fendre le bois.
C1 noun /ˈoʊvərˌtoʊn/

overtone

connotation subtile
Meaning
A subtle quality, implication, or additional meaning beyond the obvious.
Example
His speech had political overtones that were hard to ignore.
Son discours avait des connotations politiques qu'il était difficile d'ignorer.
C1 noun ˈiː.pɒk

epoch

époque
Meaning
A period of time in history or a person's life, typically one marked by notable events or particular characteristics.
Example
The invention of the internet marked a new epoch in human history.
L'invention d'internet a marqué une nouvelle époque dans l'histoire humaine.