volleyball
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A2 noun /ˈvɒlibɔːl/

volleyball

voleibol
Meaning
a team sport in which players hit a ball over a high net using their hands
Example
She plays volleyball with her friends every weekend.
Ella juega voleibol con sus amigos cada fin de semana.
C2 adjective /ˈvɪnsəbl/

vincible

vencible
Meaning
capable of being overcome or defeated
Example
The enemy seemed vincible after losing their main base.
El enemigo parecía vencible después de perder su base principal.
B2 noun /ˈven.juː/

Venue

lugar
Meaning
a place where an event or activity takes place
Example
The wedding venue was beautifully decorated.
El lugar de la boda estaba bellamente decorado.
B2 adjective /veɪɡ/

Vague

vago; incierto
Meaning
unclear or uncertain in meaning; not clearly expressed
Example
His explanation was too vague for me to understand.
Su explicación fue demasiado vaga para que yo pudiera entenderla.
C2 adjective /vɜːrˈtɪdʒɪnəs/

vertiginous

vertiginoso
Meaning
Causing dizziness due to great height or steepness.
Example
The tourists looked down from the vertiginous cliffs with awe.
Los turistas miraron hacia abajo desde los acantilados vertiginosos con asombro.
A2 noun /væn/

van

furgoneta
Meaning
a large vehicle used for transporting goods or people
Example
The delivery van stopped in front of our house.
La furgoneta de entrega se detuvo frente a nuestra casa.
C2 adjective /ˌvælɪˈdɪktəri/

valedictory

de despedida
Meaning
Serving as a farewell or parting; relating to a valediction.
Example
He delivered a valedictory speech at the conference.
Él dio un discurso de despedida en la conferencia.
C2 adjective /ˈvɪsɪd/

viscid

viscoso
Meaning
Having a thick, sticky consistency.
Example
The sap had a viscid texture that stuck to his hands.
La savia tenía una textura viscosa que se pegaba a sus manos.
B2 noun /ˈvɪɡ.ər/

Vigour

fuerza física y buena salud; esfuerzo, energía y entusiasmo
Meaning
physical strength and good health; effort, energy, and enthusiasm
Example
She approached her work with renewed vigour after the vacation.
Después de las vacaciones, abordó su trabajo con renovado vigor.
C1 verb /ˈveɪpəraɪz/

vaporize

vaporizar
Meaning
to turn into vapor or gas
Example
The heat of the sun can vaporize water from the surface.
El calor del sol puede vaporizar el agua de la superficie.
C2 noun /ˌvɑːljəˈbɪləti/

volubility

volubilidad
Meaning
The quality of talking fluently, readily, or incessantly.
Example
His volubility made him a successful radio host.
Su volubilidad lo convirtió en un exitoso presentador de radio.
B2 noun /ˌvæk.sɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

Vaccination

vacunación
Meaning
the process of giving a vaccine to a person or animal to protect them against a disease
Example
Children receive vaccination against measles at an early age.
Los niños reciben la vacunación contra el sarampión a una edad temprana.
C2 adjective /ˈvɒl.jʊ.bəl/

Voluble

hablador; locuaz
Meaning
speaking fluently and readily; talkative; having a continuous flow of words
Example
The voluble salesman talked for hours about his products.
El hablador vendedor habló durante horas sobre sus productos.
C2 noun /ˈvɛləm/

vellum

pergamino
Meaning
a fine parchment made originally from the skin of a calf, used for writing or printing
Example
The ancient manuscript was written on vellum.
El antiguo manuscrito fue escrito en pergamino.
B1 noun /ˈvæl.i/

Valley

valle
Meaning
a low area of land between hills or mountains
Example
The green valley stretched for miles between the mountains.
El verde valle se extendía por millas entre las montañas.
C2 noun /ˌvɪvɪˈsɛkʃən/

vivisection

la práctica de realizar operaciones en animales vivos para la investigación científica
Meaning
the practice of performing operations on live animals for scientific research
Example
Vivisection has long been a controversial topic among scientists and animal rights activists.
La vivisección ha sido durante mucho tiempo un tema controvertido entre científicos y activistas por los derechos de los animales.
C1 noun /vɪˈvæsɪti/

vivacity

vivacidad
Meaning
The quality of being lively, animated, and full of energy.
Example
The child’s vivacity brightened the entire room.
La vivacidad del niño iluminó toda la habitación.
C1 verb /ˈvɪn.dɪ.keɪt/

vindicate

justificar
Meaning
To clear someone of blame or suspicion; to show or prove to be right, reasonable, or justified.
Example
The new evidence helped vindicate the wrongly accused man.
La nueva evidencia ayudó a justificar al hombre injustamente acusado.
B1 preposition /ˈvaɪə/ or /ˈviːə/

via

a través de
Meaning
through, by way of, or using a particular route or means
Example
She sent the documents via email.
Ella envió los documentos a través de correo electrónico.
C2 adjective /ˈvoʊlənt/

volant

volador
Meaning
able to fly or moving swiftly
Example
The volant bird soared gracefully across the sky.
El pájaro volador se elevó con gracia por el cielo.
C2 adjective /ˈvɛdʒɪtəl/

vegetal

vegetal
Meaning
relating to or consisting of plants or vegetation
Example
The soup had a distinct vegetal flavor.
La sopa tenía un sabor vegetal distintivo.
C2 verb /vɔːnt/

vaunt

presumir
Meaning
to boast or brag about something, especially in an excessive way
Example
He would often vaunt his achievements in front of his colleagues.
A menudo alardeaba de sus logros frente a sus colegas.
B2 adjective /veɪn/

Vain

vanidoso; inútil
Meaning
having excessive pride in one's appearance; futile or unsuccessful
Example
She spent hours in front of the mirror being quite vain.
Ella pasó horas frente al espejo siendo bastante vanidosa.
C2 noun /vɜːrv/

verve

energía
Meaning
Great enthusiasm, spirit, or energy in expression or performance.
Example
The actor performed his role with remarkable verve.
El actor realizó su papel con notable energía.
B1 noun /ˈvɒl.juːm/

volume

volumen
Meaning
the amount of space that a substance or object occupies, or that is enclosed within a container
Example
The volume of water in the tank increased after the rain.
El volumen de agua en el tanque aumentó después de la lluvia.
B2 noun /ˌvɪz.ɪˈbɪlɪti/

visibility

visibilidad
Meaning
The state of being able to see or be seen; exposure or prominence.
Example
Increased visibility on social media can help businesses grow.
El aumento de la visibilidad en las redes sociales puede ayudar a que los negocios crezcan.
C1 noun /viˈoʊlə/ or /ˈvaɪələ/

viola

viola
Meaning
A stringed instrument slightly larger than a violin, with a deeper and mellower tone.
Example
She chose to play the viola in the school orchestra.
Ella eligió tocar la viola en la orquesta escolar.
C1 verb /vəˈkeɪt/

vacate

desalojar
Meaning
to leave a place; to make empty by leaving
Example
The tenants must vacate the apartment by the end of the month.
Los inquilinos deben desalojar el apartamento antes de fin de mes.
C2 verb /ˈvæsɪleɪt/

vacillate

felicidad
Meaning
to waver between different opinions or actions; be indecisive
Example
He vacillated between studying law and becoming a writer.
Ella no pudo ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C2 noun /ˈvoʊtəri/

votary

devoto
Meaning
A devoted follower or admirer of someone or something.
Example
He is a votary of classical music and attends every concert.
Él es un devoto de la música clásica y asiste a cada concierto.
B1 noun /vaɪəˈlɪn/

Violin

violín
Meaning
a musical instrument with four strings that is played with a bow
Example
She plays the violin beautifully in the orchestra.
Ella toca el violín hermosamente en la orquesta.
B2 adjective /ˈvɜːrtɪkl/

vertical

vertical
Meaning
Standing or pointing straight up; perpendicular to the ground.
Example
The skyscraper has a perfectly vertical design.
El rascacielos tiene un diseño perfectamente vertical.
C2 adjective /vɪˈtjuːpərətɪv/

vituperative

vituperativo
Meaning
Characterized by abusive or harsh language.
Example
The teacher’s vituperative remarks left the students in tears.
Los comentarios vituperativos del maestro dejaron a los estudiantes en lágrimas.
B2 adjective /ˈvɪɡ.ər.əs/

vigorous

vigoroso
Meaning
Characterized by high energy and vitality.
Example
Regular exercise keeps the body vigorous and healthy.
El ejercicio regular mantiene el cuerpo vigoroso y saludable.
C2 verb /ˈvaʊtʃ.seɪf/

vouchsafe

conceder
Meaning
to grant or give something in a gracious or condescending manner
Example
He vouchsafed them a rare smile.
Él les concedió una rara sonrisa.
B2 noun /ˈvɜː.tʃuː/

Virtue

virtud; moralidad; calidad útil
Meaning
behavior showing high moral standards; a good or useful quality of a thing
Example
Honesty is considered the highest virtue in many cultures.
La honestidad se considera la más alta virtud en muchas culturas.
C1 noun /ˌvɜːrtʃuˈoʊsoʊ/

virtuoso

artista virtuoso
Meaning
A person highly skilled in music, art, or another artistic pursuit.
Example
The pianist is a true virtuoso, captivating audiences worldwide.
El pianista es un verdadero artista virtuoso, cautivando a audiencias en todo el mundo.
C1 adjective /ˈvɑːlətl/

volatile

volátil
Meaning
likely to change rapidly and unpredictably, especially for the worse
Example
The stock market is extremely volatile these days.
El mercado de valores es extremadamente volátil estos días.
B2 noun ˈven.tʃərz

ventures

empresa
Meaning
Business enterprises or undertakings, especially risky ones.
Example
Luxury ventures in space attract wealthy clients.
Los ventures de lujo en el espacio atraen a clientes adinerados.
B2 adjective /ˈvɛriəbl/

Variable

variable
Meaning
able to change; not consistent or having a fixed pattern
Example
The weather has been very variable this week.
El clima ha sido muy variable esta semana.
C2 adjective /vaɪˈkɛəriəs/

vicarious

felicidad
Meaning
experienced through the feelings or actions of another person
Example
She felt vicarious excitement watching her son win the award.
No pudo ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C1 noun /ˈves.tɪdʒ/

Vestige

vestigio
Meaning
a trace or remnant of something that is disappearing or no longer exists
Example
No vestige of the ancient city remains.
No queda ningún vestigio de la antigua ciudad.
C2 adjective /ˈvɪndɪkətɔːri/

vindicatory

vindicativo
Meaning
Serving to justify, clear of blame, or defend.
Example
His vindicatory remarks restored his reputation.
Sus comentarios vindicatorios restauraron su reputación.
B2 adjective /ˈvoʊkəl/

vocal

vocal
Meaning
expressing opinions or feelings freely and loudly; relating to the voice
Example
She was very vocal about her dissatisfaction.
Ella estaba muy vocal sobre su insatisfacción.
C2 noun /ˌvælɪˌtjuːdɪˈnɛəriən/

valetudinarian

persona hipocondríaca
Meaning
A person who is unduly anxious about their health or constantly concerned with minor ailments.
Example
He was regarded as a valetudinarian, always worrying about his health.
Se le consideraba un hipocondríaco, siempre preocupado por su salud.
B2 adjective /ˈvɜː.tʃu.əl/

Virtual

virtual
Meaning
almost or nearly as described, but not completely or according to strict definition; existing in essence or effect, though not in fact
Example
The virtual meeting allowed participants from different countries to collaborate.
La reunión virtual permitió a los participantes de diferentes países colaborar.
C2 noun /ˈvɔːdəvɪl/

vaudeville

vaudeville
Meaning
A type of entertainment popular in the early 20th century, featuring a mixture of comedy, song, dance, and variety acts.
Example
The vaudeville show included comedians, magicians, and dancers.
El espectáculo de vaudeville incluía comediantes, magos y bailarines.
C2 noun ˈvaɪ.və ˈvəʊs

viva voce

examen oral
Meaning
An oral examination, typically for an academic qualification.
Example
Viva Voce tests communication skills.
Las pruebas de Viva Voce evalúan las habilidades de comunicación.
C1 noun /ˈvæɡ.ə.bɒnd/

Vagabond

vagabundo; nómada
Meaning
a person who has no home or job and travels from place to place
Example
The old vagabond wandered through the streets looking for food.
El viejo vagabundo caminaba por las calles buscando comida.
C2 adjective /ˈviːnəl/

venal

corrupto
Meaning
willing to do dishonest things in return for money; corrupt
Example
The politician was accused of being venal and corrupt.
El político fue acusado de ser venal y corrupto.
A2 noun /vjuː/

View

vista; perspectiva; opinión
Meaning
the ability to see something; a particular way of considering or regarding something; an opinion
Example
The mountain view from our hotel room was breathtaking.
La vista de la montaña desde nuestra habitación del hotel era impresionante.
B2 noun /veɪl/

Veil

velo; máscara; velo de novia;
Meaning
a piece of fine material worn to protect or conceal the face; something that conceals or disguises
Example
The bride wore a beautiful white veil during the ceremony.
La novia llevaba un hermoso velo blanco durante la ceremonia.
A2 noun /ˈvedʒtəbəl ɔɪl/

Vegetable oil

aceite vegetal
Meaning
Oil extracted from plants, seeds, or nuts used for cooking
Example
She heated vegetable oil in the pan before adding the vegetables.
Ella calentó aceite vegetal en la sartén antes de agregar las verduras.
B1 noun /ˈvɪn.ɪ.ɡər/

Vinegar

vinagre
Meaning
a sour liquid made from fermented alcohol, used for cooking and preserving
Example
I added vinegar to the salad dressing for extra flavor.
Añadí vinagre a la salsa de ensalada para más sabor.
B2 adjective /ˈvʌl.ɡər/

Vulgar

vulgar; grosero; rudo;
Meaning
lacking sophistication or good taste; crude and offensive in language or behavior
Example
His vulgar language offended everyone at the dinner party.
Su lenguaje vulgar ofendió a todos en la fiesta de la cena.
B2 noun /vaɪn/

vine

vid
Meaning
a climbing or trailing plant with long stems; a plant that produces grapes
Example
The vine climbed up the wall and covered it with green leaves.
La vid trepó por la pared y la cubrió de hojas verdes.
B1 noun /ˈvæk.juːm/

vacuum

vacío
Meaning
A space entirely devoid of matter; an absence of atmosphere or content.
Example
The scientist created a vacuum chamber for the experiment.
El científico creó una cámara de vacío para el experimento.
B1 noun /vəˈraɪəti/

Variety

variedad; diversidad
Meaning
the quality of being different or diverse; a number of things of the same general class that are distinct in character or quality
Example
The restaurant offers a wide variety of international dishes.
El restaurante ofrece una amplia variedad de platos internacionales.
C2 adjective ˌvɪz.ju.oʊˈspeɪ.ʃəl

visuospatial

Relacionado con la comprensión de la relación entre el espacio y los objetos a través de la visión
Meaning
Related to understanding the relationship between space and objects through vision.
Example
Good visuospatial skills are important for architecture and design.
Las buenas habilidades visualespaciales son importantes para la arquitectura y el diseño.
C1 adverb/adjective /vɜːˈbeɪ.tɪm/

verbatim

palabra por palabra o literalmente
Meaning
In exactly the same words as were used originally; word for word repetition.
Example
She repeated his instructions verbatim to avoid errors.
Ella repitió sus instrucciones palabra por palabra para evitar errores.
A1 verb /ˈvɪzɪt/

visit

visitar
Meaning
to go and see someone or somewhere; to pay a call
Example
We plan to visit the museum this weekend.
Planeamos visitar el museo este fin de semana.
C1 noun /ˈvɜːrtɪˌɡoʊ/

vertigo

felicidad
Meaning
A sensation of spinning or dizziness, often caused by problems in the inner ear or brain.
Example
She felt a sudden vertigo when she looked down from the tall building.
Ella no pudo ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C1 noun /vəˈlɒs.ɪ.ti/

velocity

velocidad
Meaning
Speed or acceleration, the rate of movement of any object or vehicle.
Example
High velocity trains reduce travel time significantly.
Los trenes de alta velocidad reducen significativamente el tiempo de viaje.
C1 adjective /ˈvɛlvəti/

velvety

felicidad
Meaning
having a smooth, soft texture like velvet
Example
She spoke in a low, velvety voice.
No podía ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C1 noun ˈvæljuː beɪst ˌɛdjuːˈkeɪʃən

value-based education

educación basada en valores
Meaning
Education that emphasizes moral principles and ethical values.
Example
Value-based education shapes moral character.
La educación basada en valores moldea el carácter moral.
B2 verb /ˈvælɪdeɪt/

validate

validar
Meaning
To check or prove the accuracy, truth, or legality of something.
Example
The scientist worked hard to validate the experiment's results.
El científico trabajó duro para validar los resultados del experimento.
C2 noun /ˈvɪntnər/

vintner

vinatero / vendedor de vino
Meaning
A person who makes or sells wine.
Example
The vintner explained the process of making red wine.
El vinatero explicó el proceso de hacer vino tinto.
C2 noun /ˈvɪtrioʊl/

vitriol

crítica mordaz
Meaning
harsh and bitter criticism
Example
The politician faced vitriol from the public.
El político enfrentó críticas mordaces del público.
B1 adjective /ˈvaɪə.lənt/

Violent

violento; agresivo
Meaning
using or involving physical force intended to hurt, damage, or kill; very forceful or powerful
Example
The violent storm caused significant damage to the coastal areas.
La tormenta violenta causó daños significativos en las áreas costeras.
C2 adverb /ˈvɛrɪli/

verily

verdaderamente
Meaning
truly; certainly; without a doubt
Example
Verily, I say unto you, this is the truth.
Verdaderamente, os digo, esto es la verdad.
B2 noun /vaɪˈbreɪ.ʃən/

Vibration

vibración
Meaning
a rapid back and forth movement; oscillation
Example
The phone's vibration woke me up.
La vibración del teléfono me despertó.
B2 adjective /ˈvɛriənt/

Variant

variante; versión alternativa
Meaning
differing in form, details, or in some other respect; alternative
Example
There are several variant spellings of this word.
Hay varias variantes de esta palabra.
C2 noun /viːˈnæləti/

venality

venalidad
Meaning
the quality of being open to bribery or corruption
Example
The scandal revealed the venality of several senior officials.
El escándalo reveló la venalidad de varios funcionarios de alto rango.
B2 noun /vəˈlɪd.ɪ.ti/

Validity

validez
Meaning
the quality of being legally or officially acceptable; the quality of being logically or factually sound
Example
The validity of the contract expires next month.
La validez del contrato expira el próximo mes.
B1 noun /vɒlˈkeɪ.noʊ/

Volcano

felicidad
Meaning
a mountain with an opening through which lava, gas, and ash can escape
Example
The volcano erupted after being dormant for decades.
No pudo esconder su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
B2 adjective /ˈvɜːr.tʃu.əs/

Virtuous

virtuoso; recto; moralmente excelente;
Meaning
having high moral standards; righteous; morally excellent
Example
She is known for her virtuous character and honest dealings.
Ella es conocida por su carácter virtuoso y sus tratos honestos.
B1 noun /ˈvɪk.tɪm/

Victim

víctima
Meaning
a person who suffers harm, injury, or death as a result of an event or action
Example
The victim was taken to the hospital immediately.
La víctima fue llevada al hospital inmediatamente.
C2 adjective /ˈvɪndɪkeɪtɪv/

vindicative

vindicatorio
Meaning
showing a tendency to vindicate or justify; inclined to defend
Example
Her vindicative tone showed that she strongly believed in her innocence.
Su tono vindicatorio mostró que creía firmemente en su inocencia.
C2 adjective /ˈvækjuəs/

vacuous

vacío
Meaning
Having or showing a lack of thought or intelligence; mindless.
Example
She gave a vacuous smile during the serious discussion.
Ella dio una sonrisa vacía durante la discusión seria.
C1 adjective /ˈvɪʒ.ən.er.i/

Visionary

visionario; imaginativo;
Meaning
having original ideas about what the future will bring; innovative; imaginative
Example
Steve Jobs was a visionary leader who revolutionized technology.
Steve Jobs fue un líder visionario que revolucionó la tecnología.
B2 noun/adjective /ˈvɪntɪdʒ/

vintage

vintage / clásico
Meaning
Relating to high quality from the past; classic; also the year of a wine harvest.
Example
She wore a vintage dress from the 1950s.
Ella llevaba un vestido vintage de los años 50.
C1 noun /ˈvɜː.tɪ.kəl ˈfɑː.mɪŋ/

vertical farming

agricultura vertical
Meaning
The practice of growing crops in vertically stacked layers, often incorporating controlled-environment agriculture.
Example
Vertical farming ensures maximum space utilization in urban areas.
La agricultura vertical asegura la máxima utilización del espacio en las áreas urbanas.
C2 adjective /vɛˈstɪdʒiəl/

vestigial

vestigial
Meaning
Relating to a small, undeveloped remnant of something that was once much larger or more functional.
Example
Humans have a vestigial tailbone that no longer serves its original purpose.
Los humanos tienen un hueso en la cola vestigial que ya no cumple su propósito original.
A2 verb /ˈvɪzɪtɪŋ/

visiting

visitar
Meaning
Going to see and spend time with someone or at a place.
Example
The group is visiting islands during the expedition.
El grupo está visitando islas durante la expedición.
B2 adjective /ˈvɒl.ən.tər.i/

Voluntary

voluntario
Meaning
done willingly without being forced; given or done freely
Example
She made a voluntary donation to the charity.
Ella hizo una donación voluntaria a la caridad.
C2 noun /ˈvɛrɪti/

verity

veracidad
Meaning
a true principle or belief; the state of being true
Example
The verity of his statement was confirmed by evidence.
La veracidad de su declaración fue confirmada por evidencia.
C1 adjective /vɜːrˈboʊs/

verbose

verborroso
Meaning
Using or expressed in more words than are needed; wordy.
Example
His verbose explanation confused the audience instead of clarifying the issue.
Su explicación verborrosa confundió a la audiencia en lugar de aclarar el problema.
C2 verb /ˈvɪtrɪfaɪ/

vitrify

convertir en vidrio
Meaning
to turn into glass or a glass-like substance by heat
Example
Sand can vitrify under intense heat.
La arena puede convertirse en vidrio con calor intenso.
C2 adjective /voʊˈsɪfərəs/

vociferous

vociferante
Meaning
expressing feelings or opinions in a loud and forceful way
Example
The vociferous crowd demanded justice.
La multitud vociferante exigió justicia.
B2 adjective /ˈvʌl.nər.ə.bəl/

vulnerable

vulnerable
Meaning
susceptible to physical or emotional harm
Example
Children are often the most vulnerable in times of crisis.
Los niños son a menudo los más vulnerables en tiempos de crisis.
B2 adjective /ˈvɜː.bəl/

verbal

verbal, expresado a través de palabras
Meaning
Relating to or in the form of words; spoken rather than written.
Example
Verbal communication is essential in most situations.
La comunicación verbal es esencial en la mayoría de las situaciones.
C1 noun /ˈvæntɪdʒ/

vantage

posición ventajosa
Meaning
a position or situation that gives an advantage or a good view
Example
From this vantage, we could see the entire valley.
Desde esta posición, pudimos ver todo el valle.
C1 adjective /ˈvɪskəs/

viscous

viscoso
Meaning
Having a thick, sticky consistency between solid and liquid.
Example
Honey is a viscous liquid that flows slowly.
La miel es un líquido viscoso que fluye lentamente.
B1 adjective /ˈvælɪd/

Valid

válido; aceptable legal o oficialmente
Meaning
legally or officially acceptable; having a sound basis in logic or fact
Example
The passport is valid for ten years.
El pasaporte es válido por diez años.
C2 noun /ˈveɪɡəri/

vagary

cambio inesperado
Meaning
An unexpected and inexplicable change in a situation or someone's behavior.
Example
The vagaries of the weather made planning difficult.
Los caprichos del clima hicieron que la planificación fuera difícil.
C2 noun /ˌvælədɪkˈtɔːriən/

valedictorian

mejor estudiante
Meaning
The student with the highest academic achievements in a graduating class, often chosen to give the farewell speech.
Example
She was honored as the valedictorian of her class.
Fue honrada como la mejor estudiante de su clase.
C1 adjective /vəˈluː.mə.nəs/

voluminous

voluminoso, grande, expansivo
Meaning
Occupying or containing much space; large in volume, in particular.
Example
The library contained a voluminous collection of books.
La biblioteca tenía una colección voluminosa de libros.
C2 noun /voʊˈsɪfərəns/

vociferance

gritar fuerte
Meaning
the act of shouting or making a loud outcry
Example
The vociferance of the protesters filled the streets.
La vociferancia de los manifestantes llenó las calles.
B2 noun /veɪn/

Vein

vena; nervio
Meaning
a blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart; a streak or marking of a different color
Example
The nurse found a vein in his arm to draw blood.
La enfermera encontró una vena en su brazo para sacar sangre.
C2 noun /vɛkˈseɪʃən/

vexation

exasperación
Meaning
the state of being annoyed, frustrated, or worried
Example
She could not hide her vexation after the repeated delays.
Ella no pudo esconder su exasperación después de los repetidos retrasos.
C1 adjective ˈvɪdʒ.ɪ.lənt

vigilant

vigilante
Meaning
Keeping careful watch for possible danger or difficulties; alert and watchful.
Example
The guards remained vigilant throughout the night.
Los guardias permanecieron vigilantes toda la noche.
A2 noun /veɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

Vacation

vacaciones
Meaning
a period of time when someone does not go to work or school but is free to do what they want, such as travel or relax
Example
I'm planning a vacation to the beach next summer.
Estoy planeando unas vacaciones a la playa el próximo verano.
B1 adjective /ˈvæljʊəbl/

Valuable

valioso; importante
Meaning
worth a great deal of money; extremely useful or important
Example
The painting is very valuable and worth millions.
La pintura es muy valiosa y vale millones.
C2 adjective /ˌvɪtriˈɑːlɪk/

vitriolic

crítico mordaz
Meaning
filled with bitter criticism or malice
Example
His vitriolic remarks hurt everyone in the room.
Sus comentarios críticos mordaces hirieron a todos en la sala.
A1 noun /ˈvɛdʒ.tə.bəl/

vegetable

felicidad
Meaning
a plant or part of a plant used as food
Example
I eat vegetables every day for health.
Ella no pudo ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C1 adjective /ˈven.ə.məs/

Venomous

venenoso; malicioso;
Meaning
secreting venom; full of malice or spite; extremely hostile
Example
The venomous snake struck quickly at its prey.
La serpiente venenosa atacó rápidamente a su presa.
C1 verb /ˈvɪktɪmaɪz/

victimize

victimizar
Meaning
To make someone a victim, often by treating them unfairly or cruelly.
Example
The corrupt officials victimized the poor villagers.
Los funcionarios corruptos victimizaron a los pobres aldeanos.
C1 noun /ˌvaɪ.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/

viability

viabilidad
Meaning
Ability to work successfully; feasibility.
Example
The viability of the project depends on funding.
La viabilidad del proyecto depende de la financiación.
C1 adjective /ˈvɛrɪtəbl/

veritable

verdadero
Meaning
used to emphasize that something is genuine or true
Example
The house was a veritable palace compared to ours.
La casa era un verdadero palacio comparado con la nuestra.
C2 adjective /vərˈmɪkjələr/

vermicular

como un gusano
Meaning
having a shape or appearance like a worm; worm-like
Example
The artist used a vermicular design to decorate the border of the manuscript.
El artista usó un diseño vermicular para decorar el borde del manuscrito.
B2 noun /ˈvɜː.tʃu.əl riˈæl.ɪ.ti/

virtual reality

realidad virtual
Meaning
Computer technology that creates an artificial three-dimensional environment where users can feel like they are in a real environment.
Example
Virtual reality (VR) is widely used in gaming and training simulations.
La realidad virtual (VR) se usa ampliamente en juegos y simulaciones de entrenamiento.
B2 verb /ˈvaɪəleɪt/

violate

violar
Meaning
to break or go against a rule or law; to disrespect
Example
Parking here violates the city regulations.
Estacionar aquí viola las regulaciones de la ciudad.
C2 noun /ˈvaɪəl/

viol

un tipo de instrumento de cuerdas antiguo
Meaning
A stringed musical instrument of the Renaissance and Baroque periods, played with a bow and similar to but distinct from the violin family.
Example
The musician played an old viol in the chamber music concert.
El músico tocó un viejo váil en el concierto de música de cámara.
C2 noun /ˈvaɪsrɔɪ/

viceroy

Virrey
Meaning
a ruler exercising authority on behalf of a sovereign in a colony or province
Example
The viceroy governed the colony in the king's name.
El virrey gobernó la colonia en nombre del rey.
C2 adjective /veɪnˈɡlɔːriəs/

vainglorious

vanidoso
Meaning
Excessively proud of oneself or one’s achievements; boastful.
Example
The vainglorious leader boasted about his minor achievements.
El líder vanidoso se jactaba de sus logros menores.
C1 adverb /ˈvaɪtəli/

vitally

vitalmente
Meaning
in an extremely important or essential way; in a manner relating to life or vitality
Example
Access to clean water is vitally important for public health.
El acceso al agua limpia es vitalmente importante para la salud pública.
B1 adjective /ˈvaɪə.lət/

Violet

color violeta
Meaning
of a bluish-purple color
Example
She wore a beautiful violet dress to the party.
Ella llevaba un hermoso vestido violeta a la fiesta.
C2 adjective /ˈviː.ni.əl/

Venial

perdonable; no gravemente malo; menor
Meaning
forgivable; not seriously wrong; minor
Example
His late arrival was considered a venial offense.
Su llegada tarde fue considerada una ofensa venial.
C2 adjective /ˈvoʊtɪv/

votive

dedicado
Meaning
Offered or dedicated in fulfillment of a vow.
Example
She lit a votive candle in the church as a prayer.
Ella encendió una vela votiva en la iglesia como una oración.
C2 noun /ˈvaɪnəri/

vinery

bodega de vino
Meaning
A place where vines are cultivated, especially a vineyard or greenhouse for vines.
Example
The old vinery was filled with grapevines.
La vieja bodega de vino estaba llena de vides.
B1 noun /ˈvɪʒ.ən/

vision

visión
Meaning
The faculty or state of being able to see.
Example
Excessive rubbing can damage vision.
Frotarse excesivamente puede dañar la visión.