sumptuary
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C2 adjective /ˈsʌmp.tʃuˌɛr.i/

sumptuary

relacionado con las leyes que limitan el gasto personal en artículos de lujo
Meaning
Relating to laws or regulations intended to limit personal spending on luxury goods.
Example
In medieval Europe, sumptuary laws restricted the wearing of expensive fabrics to the nobility.
En la Europa medieval, las leyes suntuarias restringían el uso de telas caras solo a la nobleza.
C1 verb /daɪˈɡrɛs/

digress

apartarse temporalmente del tema principal
Meaning
To leave the main subject temporarily in speech or writing.
Example
The professor began to digress from the main topic of the lecture.
El profesor comenzó a digresar del tema principal de la conferencia.
C2 adjective /ˌɛfəˈvɛsənt/

effervescent

efervescente
Meaning
Giving off bubbles; lively, enthusiastic, and full of energy.
Example
She had an effervescent personality that brightened every room.
Ella tenía una personalidad efervescente que iluminaba cada habitación.
B1 adverb /ɪˈnɪʃəli/

initially

inicialmente
Meaning
At the beginning; at first.
Example
Initially, he refused the offer but later accepted it.
Inicialmente, rechazó la oferta pero luego la aceptó.
C1 noun /ˈθɪk.ɪt/

Thicket

matorral; espesura de arbustos
Meaning
a dense group of bushes or trees; a thick growth of shrubs
Example
The rabbit disappeared into the thicket.
El conejo desapareció en el matorral.
C1 noun /ˈɑːrməri/

armory

arsenal
Meaning
A place where weapons are stored; a supply of resources or skills.
Example
The soldiers kept their weapons in the armory.
Los soldados guardaron sus armas en el arsenal.
C2 noun /foʊl fʊt/

Foal-foot

flor de pezuña de caballo
Meaning
a yellow flowering plant with leaves shaped like a horse's hoof, also known as coltsfoot
Example
The foal-foot plant grows wild in many meadows and is often the first flower to bloom in spring.
La planta de pezuña de caballo crece silvestre en muchos prados y a menudo es la primera flor en florecer en primavera.
B2 noun /ʌnˈsɜːrtənti/

Uncertainty

incertidumbre; duda o falta de certeza
Meaning
the state of being uncertain; doubt or lack of sureness
Example
The uncertainty about the weather delayed our trip.
La incertidumbre sobre el clima retrasó nuestro viaje.
C1 noun ˈvɜːmɪn

vermin

animales o insectos pequeños y dañinos que son difíciles de controlar y transmiten enfermedades
Meaning
Small harmful animals or insects that are difficult to control and carry disease.
Example
The house was infested with vermin, requiring immediate action.
La casa estaba infestada de verman, requiriendo acción inmediata.
C2 noun /ˈliːdʒənəri/

legionary

soldado romano
Meaning
a soldier in the Roman army
Example
Each legionary carried a shield and a short sword.
Cada legionario llevaba un escudo y una espada corta.
B2 noun, verb /ræmp/

ramp

rampa
Meaning
a sloping surface joining two different levels; as a verb, to increase or rise sharply
Example
The car drove up the ramp into the parking garage.
El coche subió por la rampa al garaje.
B2 adjective /kənˈtɛmpərɛri/

contemporary

contemporáneo, moderno
Meaning
belonging to the same time period; modern
Example
She enjoys contemporary art exhibitions.
Ella disfruta de las exposiciones de arte contemporáneo.
B1 noun /mɑːsks/

masks

máscara
Meaning
Coverings for all or part of the face, worn as a disguise, for protection, or for medical reasons.
Example
Masks can protect against polluted air.
Las máscaras pueden proteger contra el aire contaminado.
C2 verb /məʊlt/

molt

desprender plumas
Meaning
To shed old feathers, skin, or hair to make way for new growth.
Example
Birds molt their feathers once a year.
Los pájaros mudan sus plumas una vez al año.
B2 adverb /ɪmˈpeɪʃəntli/

impatiently

impacientemente
Meaning
in a manner showing annoyance or restlessness due to delay or waiting
Example
She tapped her fingers impatiently while waiting for the reply.
Ella tamborileó los dedos impacientemente mientras esperaba la respuesta.
C2 adjective /ˈtɔːni/

tawny

color marrón amarillento
Meaning
A warm, sandy or golden-brown color.
Example
The owl's tawny feathers blended with the tree bark.
Las plumas marrón amarillento del búho se mezclaron con la corteza del árbol.
C1 verb /ˈmɜːrmər/

murmur

murmurar
Meaning
To say something in a low, soft, or indistinct voice.
Example
She murmured a prayer before going to sleep.
Ella murmuró una oración antes de dormir.
A1 noun /taʊn/

town

pueblo
Meaning
a human settlement smaller than a city
Example
The town was quiet on Sundays.
El pueblo estaba tranquilo los domingos.
B1 noun ˈklaɪ.mət tʃeɪndʒ

climate change

cambio climático
Meaning
A change in global or regional climate patterns, attributed largely to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels.
Example
Climate change is causing more natural disasters.
El cambio climático está causando más desastres naturales.
B2 noun /kənˈfɛʃən/

confession

confesión
Meaning
a statement admitting that one is guilty of a crime or has done something wrong
Example
The suspect made a full confession to the police.
El sospechoso hizo una confesión completa a la policía.
C1 verb /kənˈfleɪt/

conflate

fusionar / combinar
Meaning
To combine two or more things, often confusingly, into one.
Example
The article tends to conflate facts with opinions.
El artículo tiende a fusionar los hechos con las opiniones.
B2 noun /ˈpæʃ.ən/

Passion

pasión
Meaning
strong enthusiasm or excitement for something; intense emotion or feeling
Example
Her passion for music led her to become a professional singer.
Su pasión por la música la llevó a convertirse en una cantante profesional.
C1 adjective /ˈædʒɪteɪtɪd/

Agitated

agitado; inquieto; nervioso; excitado de manera negativa
Meaning
disturbed; anxious; restless; excited in a negative way
Example
He became agitated when he heard the bad news.
Se agitou cuando escuchó las malas noticias.
C2 noun /ˈhæŋ.kər/

Hanker

anhelo, deseo
Meaning
a feeling of yearning or craving; a strong desire for something
Example
After years abroad, she developed a deep hanker for her homeland's traditional cuisine.
Después de años en el extranjero, desarrolló un profundo deseo por la comida tradicional de su tierra natal.
C1 noun /ˈtoʊtəm/

totem

símbolo sagrado
Meaning
A natural object, animal, or symbol that is revered as a spiritual emblem by a group or tribe.
Example
The eagle is considered a sacred totem in many cultures.
El águila es considerada un tótem sagrado en muchas culturas.
B1 verb /əˈdʒʌst/

adjust

ajustar
Meaning
to change something slightly to make it more suitable or effective
Example
She adjusted the mirror to see the road clearly.
Ella ajustó el espejo para ver la carretera claramente.
C1 noun ˌvɛn.əˈreɪ.ʃən

veneration

veneración
Meaning
Great respect; reverence; the action of regarding with great respect or reverence.
Example
Many cultures show veneration for their ancestors.
Muchas culturas muestran veneración por sus antepasados.
B1 adjective /ˈfɒɡi/

foggy

neblinoso
Meaning
Full of or covered with fog; unclear or hazy.
Example
The mountain road was dangerous on the foggy morning.
La carretera de la montaña era peligrosa en la mañana neblinosa.
B2 verb /rɪˈkʌvərɪŋ/

recovering

recuperándose
Meaning
the process of getting better after illness, loss, or difficulty
Example
She is still recovering from the flu.
Ella todavía se está recuperando de la gripe.
A2 noun /ˈaɪtəm/

item

artículo
Meaning
A single thing, object, or unit, often part of a list or collection.
Example
Each item on the list must be checked carefully.
Cada artículo en la lista debe ser revisado cuidadosamente.
B2 noun /vaɪn/

vine

vid
Meaning
a climbing or trailing plant with long stems; a plant that produces grapes
Example
The vine climbed up the wall and covered it with green leaves.
La vid trepó por la pared y la cubrió de hojas verdes.
C2 adjective /sɪˈlæbɪk/

syllabic

silábico
Meaning
Relating to or based on syllables.
Example
The teacher explained the syllabic structure of the word.
El maestro explicó la estructura silábica de la palabra.
B1 noun /ˈtʌnəl/

tunnel

túnel
Meaning
an underground passage or shaft
Example
They dug a tunnel under the river.
Ellos cavaron un túnel debajo del río.
A1 noun /dres/

Dress

vestido
Meaning
a piece of clothing for women or girls that covers the body and extends down over the legs
Example
She wore a beautiful blue dress to the party.
Ella llevaba un hermoso vestido azul en la fiesta.
B1 adjective /ˈpɜːrmənənt/

Permanent

permanente; inmutable
Meaning
lasting; unchanging; enduring
Example
The tattoo is a permanent mark on his skin.
El tatuaje es una marca permanente en su piel.
B1 verb /trænsˈleɪt/

translate

traducir
Meaning
to express words or text in another language
Example
She can translate five languages.
Ella puede traducir cinco idiomas.
B2 adjective ˈɡraʊndˌbreɪ.kɪŋ

groundbreaking

innovador
Meaning
Introducing new ideas or methods; innovative or pioneering.
Example
Groundbreaking advancements redefine innovation.
Los avances innovadores redefinen la innovación.
C1 verb /aʊst/

oust

destituir
Meaning
To remove someone from a position or place of power or authority.
Example
The rebels ousted the dictator from power.
Los rebeldes destituyeron al dictador del poder.
C2 adjective /ˈækwɪˌlaɪn/

aquiline

de pico de águila
Meaning
curved like an eagle's beak; hooked
Example
He had an aquiline nose that gave him a distinguished appearance.
Él tenía una nariz de pico de águila que le daba una apariencia distinguida.
A2 verb /ˈprɒmɪs/

promise

prometer
Meaning
to assure someone that one will definitely do something; to give one's word
Example
I promise to help you with your homework.
Te prometo ayudar con tu tarea.
C2 noun /ˈfænˌtæzəm/

phantasm

fantasma
Meaning
an illusion, ghost, or figment of the imagination
Example
The child claimed to see a phantasm in the old house.
El niño afirmó ver un fantasma en la casa antigua.
B2 adjective /rɪˈfaɪnd/

Refined

refinado; purificado
Meaning
elegant and cultured in appearance, manner, or taste; purified
Example
She has very refined taste in art and music.
Ella tiene un gusto muy refinado en arte y música.
B1 verb /dɪˈklaɪn/

decline

disminuir
Meaning
To become smaller, fewer, or less; to decrease gradually.
Example
The unemployment rate continues to decline.
La tasa de desempleo continúa disminuyendo.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈɡɑː.dɪd/

Unguarded

desprotegido, descuidado
Meaning
not protected or defended; careless about revealing private thoughts or information
Example
In an unguarded moment, she revealed her true feelings about the project.
En un momento sin protección, ella reveló sus verdaderos sentimientos sobre el proyecto.
C2 noun /troʊθ/

troth

promesa, fidelidad
Meaning
Faith or loyalty when pledged in a solemn agreement or vow, especially in marriage.
Example
He pledged his troth to her before the gathering.
Él le prometió su troth antes de la reunión.
B2 noun /ˈsæŋk.tʃuˌɛr.i/

sanctuary

santuario
Meaning
A place of safety, refuge, or protection; a sacred place.
Example
The forest is a sanctuary for endangered animals.
El bosque es un santuario para los animales en peligro de extinción.
A2 verb /kənˈtɪnjuː/

continue

continuar
Meaning
To keep happening, existing, or doing something without stopping.
Example
The rain will continue throughout the night.
La lluvia continuará durante la noche.
C1 noun /ˌdev.əˈtiː/

Devotee

devoto; seguidor
Meaning
a person who is very interested in and enthusiastic about someone or something
Example
As a devotee of classical music, she attended every concert in the city.
Como devota de la música clásica, asistió a cada concierto en la ciudad.
C1 verb ɔːɡˈmɛntɪŋ

augmenting

aumentar
Meaning
Increasing; making something greater in size, number, or degree
Example
Life expectancy is augmenting with advancements in healthcare.
La esperanza de vida está aumentando con los avances en la atención sanitaria.
C1 noun ˈfɔː.saɪt

foresight

previsión
Meaning
The ability to predict or the action of predicting what will happen or be needed in the future.
Example
His foresight helped the company avoid financial losses.
Su previsión ayudó a la empresa a evitar pérdidas financieras.
C2 noun /ˈstiː.vəˌdɔːr/

stevedore

estibador
Meaning
A person employed to load and unload cargo from ships.
Example
The stevedores worked tirelessly to unload the cargo before dawn.
Los estibadores trabajaron incansablemente para descargar la carga antes del amanecer.
C2 noun /ˈplɔːdɪts/

plaudits

elogios
Meaning
expressions of praise or approval
Example
The scientist received plaudits from the international community.
El científico recibió elogios de la comunidad internacional.
C1 noun /ˈprɛsɪdəns/ or /prɪˈsiːdəns/

precedence

precedencia
Meaning
the condition of being considered more important than someone or something else; priority
Example
Safety takes precedence over speed in this factory.
En esta fábrica, la seguridad tiene prioridad sobre la velocidad.
C1 noun ˈstræt.ə.sfɪər

stratosphere

estratósfera
Meaning
The layer of the earth's atmosphere above the troposphere, extending to about 50 km above the earth's surface.
Example
The stratosphere provides a unique environment.
La estratósfera proporciona un entorno único.
B2 noun /ɡaʊn/

Gown

bata
Meaning
a long dress, typically worn on formal occasions; a loose robe worn for comfort or in professional settings
Example
She looked elegant in her evening gown at the graduation ceremony.
Se veía elegante con su bata de noche en la ceremonia de graduación.
B2 noun /ˈes.əns/

Essence

esencia
Meaning
the intrinsic nature or indispensable quality of something
Example
The essence of good teaching is the ability to inspire students.
La esencia de una buena enseñanza es la capacidad de inspirar a los estudiantes.
C1 adjective /ˈɒm.ɪ.nəs/

Ominous

ominoso; amenazante
Meaning
giving the impression that something bad will happen; threatening; foreboding
Example
The dark clouds looked ominous before the storm.
Las nubes oscuras se veían ominosas antes de la tormenta.
C2 verb /ˈrʌmpəl/

rumple

arrugar
Meaning
to make something untidy or wrinkled by creasing or crumpling
Example
She accidentally rumpled her dress while packing.
Ella accidentalmente arrugó su vestido mientras empacaba.
C2 noun /ˈpɛtrəˌɡræf/

petrograph

descripción de rocas
Meaning
a description or representation of rocks, especially in detailed scientific writing
Example
The scientist studied the petrograph to understand the rock composition.
El científico estudió el petrográfico para entender la composición de la roca.
C1 adjective vəˈreɪ.ʃəs

voracious

voraz
Meaning
Having a very eager approach to an activity; wanting or devouring great quantities of food or having an insatiable appetite.
Example
He has a voracious appetite for knowledge.
Él tiene un apetito voraz por el conocimiento.
B2 adjective /kənˈdɪʃ.ən.əl/

Conditional

condicional; sujeto a condiciones
Meaning
dependent on certain conditions; not absolute
Example
The job offer is conditional upon passing the background check.
La oferta de trabajo es condicional a pasar la verificación de antecedentes.
C1 verb /əˈprɛs/

oppress

oprimir
Meaning
to keep someone down by harsh and unfair use of authority; to suppress
Example
The dictator oppressed the people for decades.
El dictador oprimió a la gente durante décadas.
B1 noun /əˈnaʊnsmənt/

announcement

anuncio
Meaning
a public or formal statement giving information
Example
The principal made an important announcement about the new schedule.
El director hizo un anuncio importante sobre el nuevo horario.
A1 verb /pʊt/

put

poner
Meaning
to place something in a particular position; to move to a location
Example
Please put the book on the table.
Por favor, pon el libro en la mesa.
C1 verb /ɪnˈkɜːr/

incur

incurrir
Meaning
To bring upon oneself something undesirable, usually as a result of actions.
Example
He incurred a fine for parking in the wrong place.
Él incurrió en una multa por aparcar en el lugar equivocado.
C2 adjective /ˈrʌdi/

ruddy

sonrosado
Meaning
Having a healthy red color in the face.
Example
She had a ruddy complexion from working outdoors.
Tenía un rostro sonrosado por trabajar al aire libre.
B2 noun/verb /ˈsæd.əl/

saddle

asiento de caballo; cargar a alguien con responsabilidad
Meaning
A seat fastened on the back of a horse for riding; to burden someone with a responsibility.
Example
He saddled the horse before going for a ride.
Él saddló el caballo antes de ir a montar.
A2 noun, verb /fuːl/

fool

tonto
Meaning
a silly or stupid person; to trick someone
Example
He felt like a fool after believing the prank.
Se sintió como un tonto después de creer en la broma.
C2 verb /trəˈdjuːs/

traduce

difamar
Meaning
To speak badly of someone or tell lies to damage their reputation.
Example
He was furious when he found out that his rivals had traduced him.
Estaba furioso cuando descubrió que sus rivales lo habían difamado.
C1 noun /ɒpˈtɒmətri/

optometry

optometría
Meaning
The practice or profession of examining the eyes and prescribing corrective lenses.
Example
She studied optometry at the university to become an eye specialist.
Estudió optometría en la universidad para convertirse en especialista en ojos.
C2 noun /ˌkɒnsaɪˈniː/

consignee

consignatario
Meaning
the person or company to whom goods are delivered
Example
The consignee received the shipment on time.
El consignatario recibió el envío a tiempo.
A1 noun /iːst/

east

este
Meaning
The direction from which the sun rises; one of the four cardinal points.
Example
The sun rises in the east.
El sol sale por el este.
C2 verb /ɪnˈfætʃueɪt/

infatuate

embelesar
Meaning
to inspire with an intense but short-lived passion or admiration
Example
He was infatuated with her beauty.
Él estaba fascinado por su belleza.
C2 noun /ˈdʒuː.dɪˌkeɪ.tʃər/

judicature

sistema judicial
Meaning
the administration of justice or the system of courts
Example
The judicature ensures that laws are fairly applied.
El sistema judicial asegura que las leyes se apliquen de manera justa.
A2 noun /piːs/

peace

paz
Meaning
a state of tranquility or quiet, freedom from disturbance
Example
They hope for peace in the region.
Ellos esperan paz en la región.
C1 noun /ˌmæn.ɪ.fɛsˈteɪ.ʃən/

manifestation

manifestación
Meaning
A visible form or expression of an idea, concept, or feeling; the action of displaying or showing.
Example
His generosity was a manifestation of his kind nature.
Su generosidad fue una manifestación de su naturaleza amable.
C2 verb /ˈkɒdʒɪteɪt/

cogitate

cogitar
Meaning
to think deeply about something; to meditate or reflect
Example
He sat by the river to cogitate on his future plans.
Se sentó junto al río para reflexionar sobre sus planes futuros.
B1 noun/adjective /ˈsmoʊ.kɪŋ/

smoking

fumar
Meaning
The act of inhaling and exhaling the smoke of tobacco or other substances; wearing a tuxedo (adjective, formal context).
Example
Smoking is prohibited inside the building.
Fumar está prohibido dentro del edificio.
C1 noun /ˈtɜː.mɔɪl/

turmoil

turmoil
Meaning
A state of great disturbance, confusion, or uncertainty.
Example
The political turmoil led to mass protests.
El turmoil político llevó a protestas masivas.
B2 noun /ˈpær.ə.dɒks/

paradox

paradoja
Meaning
A seemingly contradictory statement or situation that may be true; an apparent inconsistency.
Example
The paradox of freedom is that it requires rules.
La paradoja de la libertad es que requiere reglas.
B2 noun /fʌs/

Fuss

alboroto; agitación; preocupación innecesaria
Meaning
unnecessary worry or bother about something; agitated excitement over a trivial matter
Example
She made such a fuss about the small stain on her dress that everyone noticed.
Hizo tanto alboroto por la pequeña mancha en su vestido que todos lo notaron.
C1 adjective /ˈven.ə.məs/

Venomous

venenoso; malicioso;
Meaning
secreting venom; full of malice or spite; extremely hostile
Example
The venomous snake struck quickly at its prey.
La serpiente venenosa atacó rápidamente a su presa.
B1 noun /ɡɪlt/

Guilt

culpa
Meaning
a feeling of having committed wrong or failed in an obligation; responsibility for wrongdoing
Example
She felt overwhelming guilt after forgetting her mother's birthday.
Ella sintió una abrumadora culpa después de olvidar el cumpleaños de su madre.
A2 conjunction /ˈniːðər/

neither

ni uno ni otro
Meaning
used to connect two negative alternatives
Example
Neither the manager nor the assistant could attend the meeting.
Ni el gerente ni el asistente pudieron asistir a la reunión.
B2 noun /ˈloʊ.təs/

Lotus

loto
Meaning
a large water flower that floats on the surface of ponds and lakes
Example
The lotus flower blooms beautifully in the quiet pond.
La flor de loto florece hermosamente en el estanque tranquilo.
A2 noun /ɡreɪps/

Grapes

uvas
Meaning
small round fruits that grow in clusters on vines; used to make wine
Example
She bought a bunch of grapes from the market.
Ella compró un racimo de uvas en el mercado.
C2 noun /ˈwɒrən/

warren

red de madrigueras
Meaning
A network of interconnected rabbit burrows; also used metaphorically for a densely populated building or district.
Example
The old part of the city is a warren of narrow streets.
La parte antigua de la ciudad es una red de calles estrechas.
A1 adjective /ˈæŋ.ɡri/

Angry

enfadado; iracundo;
Meaning
feeling or showing strong displeasure; furious; irritated
Example
She was angry because someone had broken her favorite vase.
Ella estaba enojada porque alguien rompió su jarrón favorito.
B1 noun /ˈleɪ.bər/

Labour

trabajo físico o mental
Meaning
work involving physical or mental effort; workers as a group
Example
The construction required months of hard labour to complete.
La construcción requirió meses de duro trabajo para completarse.
C1 noun /ˈmɒnəˌlɒɡ/

monologue

monólogo
Meaning
A long speech by one person, often in a play or performance.
Example
The actor delivered a powerful monologue on stage.
El actor entregó un poderoso monólogo en el escenario.
C1 adjective ˌkwɪn.tɪˈsen.ʃəl

quintessential

ejemplo perfecto o típico de una cualidad o clase
Meaning
representing the most perfect or typical example of a quality or class.
Example
The artist's work is the quintessential example of modernism.
El trabajo del artista es el ejemplo quintessential del modernismo.
A2 noun /flaʊər/

Flour

harina
Meaning
fine powder made by grinding wheat or other grains; used for making bread, cakes, and pastry
Example
She mixed flour with water to make dough for bread.
Ella mezcló la harina con agua para hacer la masa para el pan.
C2 noun /ˈæpəˌlɔːɡ/

apologue

cuento moral
Meaning
a short moral story or fable intended to teach a lesson
Example
The teacher used an old apologue to explain honesty to the children.
El maestro usó un viejo cuento moral para explicar la honestidad a los niños.
C1 verb /ˈmʌmbəl/

mumble

murmurar
Meaning
To speak quietly and not clearly so that words are difficult to understand.
Example
He mumbled an apology before leaving.
Él murmuró una disculpa antes de irse.
B1 noun /ˈsɛkrəteri/

secretary

secretario
Meaning
a person employed to handle correspondence and manage routine tasks for an individual or organization
Example
The secretary scheduled the meeting for tomorrow.
El secretario programó la reunión para mañana.
B2 noun /ˈmɜːrtʃənt/

merchant

mercader
Meaning
a person or company involved in the trade of goods, especially in large quantities
Example
The merchant sold spices from distant lands.
El mercader vendió especias de tierras lejanas.
B2 verb, noun /kəˈmjuːt/

commute

desplazamiento
Meaning
Verb: to travel regularly between home and work; Noun: the journey to and from work.
Example
He commutes two hours every day to reach his office.
Él se desplaza dos horas cada día para llegar a su oficina.
B2 noun /ˈlæv.ən.dər/

Lavender

lavanda
Meaning
a fragrant purple flowering plant used in perfumes and aromatherapy
Example
The lavender field filled the air with its sweet, calming fragrance.
El campo de lavanda llenó el aire con su dulce y calmante fragancia.
C1 verb /ˈɡlɪsən/

glisten

brillar
Meaning
To shine with a sparkling light, often when wet or polished.
Example
The grass glistened with morning dew.
La hierba brillaba con el rocío de la mañana.
C2 noun /ˈpælɪˌnoʊd/

palinode

palinodia
Meaning
a poem or statement in which the writer retracts something said in an earlier work
Example
The poet wrote a palinode to apologize for his earlier harsh words.
El poeta escribió una palinodia para disculparse por sus palabras severas anteriores.
C2 adjective /ˈɜːrsaɪn/

ursine

osoide
Meaning
Relating to or resembling a bear.
Example
The man’s ursine strength amazed everyone.
La fuerza osoide del hombre sorprendió a todos.
C2 noun /ˌfaɪ.təʊˈkem.ɪ.kəlz/

phytochemicals

fitonutrientes
Meaning
Natural chemical compounds produced by plants that provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition, often having antioxidant properties.
Example
Phytochemicals in green tea help reduce inflammation.
Los fitonutrientes en el té verde ayudan a reducir la inflamación.
A2 verb /ˈkʌvər/

cover

cubrir
Meaning
to put something over or upon something else to protect or conceal
Example
Please cover the food to keep it fresh.
Por favor cubra la comida para mantenerla fresca.
C1 noun /ˈvɛriəns/

variance

varianza
Meaning
the state of being different or inconsistent; in statistics, a measure of the spread between numbers
Example
There is a wide variance in students' performance levels.
Hay una amplia varianza en los niveles de rendimiento de los estudiantes.
B1 noun /ˈpɜː.sən.əl ˈdeɪ.tə/

personal data

datos personales
Meaning
Information that relates to an individual's private, sensitive, or identifiable data
Example
Protecting personal data is crucial in the digital age.
Proteger los datos personales es crucial en la era digital.
B2 noun /ˈsɛnsər/

sensor

felicidad
Meaning
a device that detects or measures a physical property and records, indicates, or responds to it
Example
The motion sensor turned on the light automatically.
Ella no pudo esconder su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
B2 noun /ˈmaɪnɪŋ/

mining

minería
Meaning
the process of extracting valuable minerals or other resources from the earth
Example
Mining in this area has increased in recent years.
La minería en esta área ha aumentado en los últimos años.
C1 verb /ˈskwɒndər/

squander

malgastar
Meaning
to waste money, time, or opportunities in a careless way
Example
He squandered his inheritance on gambling.
Él malgastó su herencia en juegos de azar.
A1 verb /tiːtʃ/

teach

enseñar
Meaning
to give knowledge or instruction to someone; to show how to do something
Example
She teaches English at the local school.
Ella enseña inglés en la escuela local.
B2 noun /ˈek.oʊ/

Echo

eco; reverberación
Meaning
a sound that is reflected back; a repetition or imitation
Example
His voice created a clear echo in the empty cathedral.
Su voz creó un eco claro en la catedral vacía.
C1 noun /ˈper.ɪ.wɪŋ.kəl/

Periwinkle

periwinkle
Meaning
a small trailing plant with violet-blue or white flowers
Example
Purple periwinkles covered the garden ground beautifully.
Las periwinkles moradas cubrían hermosamente el suelo del jardín.
C1 noun ˌpraɪ.vɪ.taɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

privatization

privatización
Meaning
The transfer of a business, industry, or service from public to private ownership and control.
Example
The privatization of state-owned companies increased efficiency.
La privatización de las empresas estatales aumentó la eficiencia.
B2 adverb /ˈɑːɡjuːəbli/

arguably

posiblemente
Meaning
used to say that a statement is open to argument or is considered true by many people
Example
She is arguably the most talented player on the team.
Ella es posiblemente la jugadora más talentosa del equipo.
B2 noun /ˈfaʊn.dər/

Founder

fundador
Meaning
a person who establishes an institution or settlement; someone who starts or creates something
Example
Steve Jobs was the co-founder of Apple Inc. and revolutionized personal computing.
Steve Jobs fue el cofundador de Apple Inc. y revolucionó la computación personal.
B1 verb /ˌɛntərˈteɪn/

entertain

entretener
Meaning
to provide amusement, enjoyment, or hospitality to others
Example
The comedian entertained the audience with his jokes.
El comediante entretuvo al público con sus chistes.
B2 noun /ˈsɜːr.plʌs/

surplus

superávit
Meaning
An amount that is more than what is needed.
Example
The country has a surplus of food this year.
Este año el país tiene un superávit de alimentos.
A2 adjective /meɪn/

main

principal
Meaning
most important; chief in size, extent, or importance
Example
The main reason for his success is hard work.
La principal razón de su éxito es el trabajo duro.
C1 adjective /ˌɛpɪˈsɒdɪk/

episodic

episódico
Meaning
Happening occasionally or in separate parts; related to episodes.
Example
Her interest in art was episodic, coming and going over the years.
Su interés por el arte era episódico, viniendo y yendo a lo largo de los años.
C2 noun /ˌdɪsəˈvaʊəl/

disavowal

desautorización
Meaning
the denial of any responsibility, connection, or support
Example
The politician issued a firm disavowal of the controversial remarks.
El político emitió una firme desautorización de los comentarios controvertidos.
C1 noun /ˌfɪziˈɑːlədʒi/

physiology

fisiología
Meaning
the scientific study of the functions and mechanisms in a living system
Example
She is majoring in human physiology at the university.
Ella está especializándose en fisiología humana en la universidad.
B1 noun /ˈpɑː.vər.t̬i/

Poverty

pobreza; falta de necesidades básicas
Meaning
the state of being extremely poor; lack of basic necessities
Example
Many organizations work to reduce poverty around the world.
Muchas organizaciones trabajan para reducir la pobreza en todo el mundo.