rainforest
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B1 noun ˈreɪn.fɒr.ɪst

rainforest

selva tropical
Meaning
A luxuriant, dense forest rich in biodiversity, found typically in tropical areas with consistently heavy rainfall.
Example
The Amazon rainforest is home to millions of species.
La selva tropical del Amazonas es hogar de millones de especies.
C1 noun /ˈmɑːrtər/

Martyr

mártir
Meaning
A person who is killed because of their religious or political beliefs
Example
He became a martyr for the cause of freedom and democracy.
Se convirtió en un mártir por la causa de la libertad y la democracia.
C1 adjective ɛnˈdɛm.ɪk

endemic

endémico
Meaning
Native and restricted to a certain place.
Example
The Bengal tiger is endemic to the Indian subcontinent.
El tigre de Bengala es endémico del subcontinente indio.
B2 verb /skrʌb/

scrub

frotar
Meaning
To rub hard so as to clean, typically with a brush and water.
Example
Excessive scrubbing of the eyes is harmful.
Frotarse excesivamente los ojos es perjudicial.
C1 adjective /ˌaʊtˈspoʊkən/

Outspoken

franco
Meaning
frank; speaking directly
Example
She is known for being outspoken about social issues.
Es conocida por ser franca sobre los problemas sociales.
C2 adjective /ˈvɒkətɪv/

vocative

caso vocativo
Meaning
relating to a case in grammar used for directly addressing someone
Example
In Latin, the vocative case is used when directly calling someone by name.
En latín, el caso vocativo se usa para llamar directamente a alguien por su nombre.
C1 adjective /məˈnɒtənəs/

Monotonous

monótono; aburrido; repetitivo
Meaning
lacking in variety; tediously unvarying; boring and repetitive
Example
The monotonous sound of the rain made everyone feel sleepy.
El sonido monótono de la lluvia hizo que todos se sintieran somnolientos.
A2 adjective, noun /ˈeɪʒən/

asian

asiático
Meaning
relating to Asia or its people
Example
She loves Asian culture.
A ella le encanta la cultura asiática.
B2 noun ˌdiː.fɒr.ɪˈsteɪ.ʃən

deforestation

deforestación
Meaning
The action of clearing a wide area of trees; the permanent destruction of forests in order to make the land available for other uses.
Example
Deforestation accelerates the loss of biodiversity.
La deforestación acelera la pérdida de biodiversidad.
B2 noun pərˈsweɪ.ʒən

persuasion

convencer a alguien por medio de la razón o emoción
Meaning
The act of convincing someone to change their viewpoint through reasoning or emotion.
Example
Effective persuasion is key to a successful speech.
La persuasión efectiva es clave para un discurso exitoso.
B2 adjective /ˈsoʊ.vi.ət/

soviet

soviético
Meaning
relating to the Soviet Union or its government
Example
The Soviet era saw significant changes in Eastern Europe.
La era soviética vio cambios significativos en Europa del Este.
B1 verb /blɛs/

bless

bendecir
Meaning
to give divine favor; to ask for God's favor
Example
The priest blessed the congregation.
El sacerdote bendijo a la congregación.
A2 verb /ʃeɪk/

shake

sacudir
Meaning
to move quickly back and forth; to tremble
Example
The earthquake made the building shake.
El terremoto hizo que el edificio se sacudiera.
B1 noun /mæsk/

Mask

máscara
Meaning
covering for the face or head; disguise or protection
Example
She wore a mask to protect herself from dust.
Ella llevaba una máscara para protegerse del polvo.
B2 verb /ˈbætər/

batter

golpear repetidamente
Meaning
To strike repeatedly with force.
Example
The waves battered the shoreline all night.
Las olas golpearon la orilla toda la noche.
B2 noun /θaɪ/

thigh

muslo
Meaning
the part of the leg between the hip and the knee
Example
He felt pain in his right thigh after running for an hour.
Sintió dolor en su muslo derecho después de correr durante una hora.
C1 noun ˌdʒɛriˈætrɪk səˈsaɪəti

geriatric society

sociedad geriátrica
Meaning
A society or community where elderly people make up a large proportion of the population
Example
A geriatric society demands specialized healthcare systems.
Una sociedad geriátrica requiere sistemas de atención médica especializados.
C2 adjective /ˌdaɪəˈbɒlɪk/

diabolic

diabólico
Meaning
Extremely evil or cruel; characteristic of the devil.
Example
The villain devised a diabolic scheme.
El villano ideó un plan diabólico.
B2 verb /ˌʌndərˈɡoʊ/

undergo

someterse
Meaning
to go through something, especially something unpleasant or difficult
Example
She had to undergo surgery to recover.
Tuvo que someterse a cirugía para recuperarse.
C1 noun /rɪˈtriː.vəl/

retrieval

recuperación
Meaning
The process of getting something back, especially from storage or memory.
Example
The brain's retrieval system helps recall past experiences.
El sistema de recuperación del cerebro ayuda a recordar experiencias pasadas.
A2 noun /brʌʃ/

Brush

cepillo
Meaning
a tool with bristles used for cleaning, painting, or grooming
Example
I brush my teeth every morning with a soft brush.
Yo me cepillo los dientes todas las mañanas con un cepillo suave.
C2 verb /ʌpˈhiːv/

upheave

levantar
Meaning
to lift or raise something forcefully; to cause to rise suddenly
Example
The workers had to upheave the heavy stone to clear the path.
Los trabajadores tuvieron que levantar la piedra pesada para despejar el camino.
B2 adverb /ˈred.ɪ.li/

Readily

de buena gana; fácilmente; sin dudar
Meaning
willingly; easily; without hesitation
Example
She readily agreed to help with the project.
Ella aceptó de buena gana ayudar con el proyecto.
B2 noun /brɪŋk/

brink

borde
Meaning
The edge or point just before a significant event or change.
Example
The company was on the brink of bankruptcy.
La empresa estaba al borde de la quiebra.
B1 noun /kəmˈpær.ɪ.sən/

Comparison

comparación
Meaning
the act of examining the similarities and differences between two or more things
Example
The teacher made a comparison between the two poems to show their different styles.
La maestra hizo una comparación entre los dos poemas para mostrar sus diferentes estilos.
C1 noun /lɪˈkjʊər/

liqueur

licor dulce
Meaning
A strong, sweet alcoholic drink flavored with fruits, herbs, or spices.
Example
She served a small glass of cherry liqueur after dinner.
Ella sirvió un pequeño vaso de licor de cereza después de la cena.
C2 noun /raɪm/

rime

escarcha
Meaning
frost formed on cold surfaces by freezing water vapor
Example
The trees were covered with a white rime after the cold night.
Los árboles estaban cubiertos con una capa blanca de escarcha después de la fría noche.
B1 noun /ˈseɪ.vɪŋz/

savings

ahorros
Meaning
Money that is saved, especially in a bank or official scheme for future use.
Example
Many people invest their savings in real estate.
Muchas personas invierten sus ahorros en bienes raíces.
B2 noun ˈstræt.ɪ.dʒiz

strategies

estrategias
Meaning
A plan of action designed to achieve a long-term or overall aim; the art of planning and directing operations.
Example
Effective strategies can mitigate climate change impacts.
Las estrategias efectivas pueden mitigar los impactos del cambio climático.
B2 noun /ɪnˈveɪʒən/

invasion

invasión
Meaning
An instance of invading a country, region, or personal space with armed force or unwelcome presence.
Example
The army prepared for the possibility of an invasion.
El ejército se preparó para la posibilidad de una invasión.
C1 noun /pəˈpaɪrəs/

papyrus

papiro
Meaning
An ancient writing material made from the pith of the papyrus plant; also refers to the plant itself.
Example
The ancient scroll was written on papyrus.
El antiguo pergamino fue escrito en papiro.
A2 noun /ɛmˈplɔɪ.iː/

employee

empleado
Meaning
A person who works for an organization or company in return for payment.
Example
The company values each employee's contribution to its success.
La empresa valora la contribución de cada empleado a su éxito.
C2 verb /bɪlk/

bilk

engañar
Meaning
To cheat or defraud someone of money or rights.
Example
The scammer tried to bilk elderly people out of their savings.
El estafador intentó engañar a las personas mayores y robarles sus ahorros.
B2 noun /ˈsæksəfoʊn/

Saxophone

saxofón
Meaning
a wind musical instrument with a curved metal body and a single reed mouthpiece
Example
The jazz musician played a beautiful solo on his saxophone.
El músico de jazz tocó un hermoso solo en su saxofón.
C1 verb /ˈspɪərˌhɛd/

spearhead

encabezar
Meaning
to lead or initiate an action, project, or movement
Example
She spearheaded the campaign for environmental awareness.
Ella encabezó la campaña por la conciencia ambiental.
B1 verb ˈtrænsfər

transfer

transferir
Meaning
To move from one place to another; to hand over.
Example
Power transfer was necessary.
La transferencia de energía era necesaria.
C2 noun /dɪˈsɛmbələr/

dissembler

hipócrita
Meaning
a person who conceals their real feelings or intentions; a hypocrite or pretender
Example
The politician was accused of being a dissembler who never revealed his true plans.
El político fue acusado de ser un hipócrita que nunca reveló sus planes reales.
A2 verb /stɔːr/

store

almacenar
Meaning
to keep things in a place for future use; to save information
Example
She stores her winter clothes in the attic.
Ella guarda su ropa de invierno en el ático.
C1 noun /ˈbeɪ.zəl siːdz/

Basil Seeds

semillas de albahaca
Meaning
small black seeds from the basil plant, often used in drinks and desserts
Example
I added basil seeds to my lemonade for a refreshing drink.
Añadí semillas de albahaca a mi limonada para una bebida refrescante.
C1 verb /ˈpɛtrɪfaɪ/

petrify

petrificar
Meaning
to make someone so frightened that they are unable to move or think; to turn into stone
Example
The loud noise petrified the little child.
El ruido fuerte petrificó al niño pequeño.
C1 noun /ˌlɪbəˈreɪʃən wɔːr/

liberation war

guerra de liberación
Meaning
a war fought to gain freedom from foreign rule, occupation, or oppression; an armed struggle for national independence
Example
The liberation war reshaped the nation’s history and identity.
La guerra de liberación transformó la historia del país.
C2 adjective /ɪˈrɛzəluːt/

irresolute

indeciso
Meaning
uncertain or indecisive; lacking determination
Example
He stood irresolute at the crossroads, unsure which path to take.
Él se quedó indeciso en el cruce de caminos, sin saber qué camino tomar.
B2 noun/verb /bʌst/

bust

busto/romper
Meaning
As a noun: A sculpture of a person's head, shoulders, and chest; As a verb: To break, smash, or arrest.
Example
The police busted the gang last night.
La policía arrestó a la banda anoche.
C2 noun /ˈɒbsɪkwi/

obsequy

obsequio
Meaning
A funeral rite, usually used in plural form obsequies.
Example
The village gathered for the obsequy of their beloved teacher.
El pueblo se reunió para el obsequio de su querido maestro.
B2 verb /səˈspɛnd/

suspend

suspender
Meaning
To temporarily stop something from being active or valid.
Example
The company decided to suspend his membership.
La compañía decidió suspender su membresía.
A2 verb /rɪˈmaɪnd/

remind

recordar
Meaning
to cause someone to remember something
Example
Please remind me to call her tomorrow.
Por favor, recuérdame llamar a ella mañana.
C1 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈprɛsəbl̩/

irrepressible

irresistible
Meaning
Impossible to control or restrain.
Example
She had an irrepressible urge to laugh during the speech.
Ella no pudo ocultar su irresistible deseo de reír durante el discurso.
A2 noun /ˈtɜːr.nɪŋ/

Turning

giro; carretera secundaria
Meaning
a place where a road branches off from another; a side road
Example
Take the first turning on the left.
Tome la primera curva a la izquierda.
C1 adjective /seɪdʒ/

Sage

sabio; prudente; con buen juicio
Meaning
wise; showing wisdom from experience; prudent; having good judgment
Example
The sage advice from the elder helped solve the problem.
El sabio consejo del anciano ayudó a resolver el problema.
B1 adjective /ˌækəˈdɛmɪk/

academic

académico
Meaning
related to education, learning, or scholarly activities
Example
She has an outstanding academic record.
Ella tiene un registro académico sobresaliente.
A2 noun /steɪdʒ/

stage

escenario
Meaning
a raised platform or area for performances or presentations
Example
The actor stepped onto the stage to deliver his speech.
El actor subió al escenario para dar su discurso.
A2 noun /haɪt/

height

altura
Meaning
the measurement of someone or something from base to top
Example
The height of the tower impressed the visitors.
La altura de la torre impresionó a los visitantes.
B2 adjective /ˌbaɪəʊdɪˈɡreɪdəbl/

biodegradable

biodegradable
Meaning
Capable of being decomposed by natural biological processes, typically by bacteria or other living organisms, without causing harm to the environment.
Example
Biodegradable materials break down naturally without harming the environment.
Los materiales biodegradables se descomponen naturalmente sin dañar el medio ambiente.
C2 noun /ˈdʒɪŋɡoʊɪst/

jingoist

jingoísta
Meaning
a person who supports jingoism; an extreme nationalist with aggressive foreign policies
Example
He was labeled a jingoist for his extreme views.
Fue etiquetado como un jingoísta por sus opiniones extremas.
C2 verb /ˌmɪsæprɪˈhɛnd/

misapprehend

malinterpretar
Meaning
to misunderstand or misinterpret something
Example
He misapprehended the teacher’s instructions and did the task incorrectly.
Él malinterpretó las instrucciones del profesor e hizo la tarea incorrectamente.
A2 noun /ˈwɒlɪt/

Wallet

billetera
Meaning
a small folding case for carrying money, credit cards, and identification
Example
He pulled out his wallet to pay for the coffee.
Sacó su billetera para pagar el café.
C2 noun /ˈfoʊ.li.oʊ/

folio

gran libro o manuscrito
Meaning
A sheet of paper folded once to form two leaves (four pages) of a book; also a term for a large book or manuscript.
Example
The library houses an ancient Shakespeare folio.
La biblioteca alberga un antiguo folio de Shakespeare.
C1 noun /ˈmævərɪk/

maverick

persona independiente
Meaning
An unorthodox or independent-minded person.
Example
The maverick scientist challenged established theories.
El científico independiente desafió las teorías establecidas.
B2 adjective /ˈhɑːrtˌbreɪkɪŋ/

Heartbreaking

desgarrador; devastador; conmovedor
Meaning
causing overwhelming distress; very sad or disappointing
Example
The documentary showed heartbreaking scenes of children in poverty.
El documental mostró escenas desgarradoras de niños en la pobreza.
B1 adjective /ˈtʃɑːr.mɪŋ/

charming

encantador
Meaning
Very pleasing or delightful in a way that attracts people.
Example
The village is full of charming little houses.
El pueblo está lleno de encantadoras casitas.
A1 verb /neɪm/

name

nombrar
Meaning
to give a title or designation to someone or something
Example
They decided to name their baby Sarah.
Decidieron nombrar a su bebé Sarah.
C2 noun /ˈkælvɪnɪzəm/

calvinism

calvinismo
Meaning
A Protestant theological system based on John Calvin’s teachings, emphasizing predestination and the sovereignty of God.
Example
Calvinism played a major role in shaping Protestant theology.
El calvinismo desempeñó un papel importante en la formación de la teología protestante.
C2 adjective /ˈlɪmpɪd/

limpid

transparente
Meaning
Clear and transparent, easily understood.
Example
The limpid water of the lake reflected the sky perfectly.
El agua transparente del lago reflejaba el cielo perfectamente.
C2 adjective /əbˈstrɛpərəs/

obstreperous

ruidoso y difícil de controlar
Meaning
Noisy and difficult to control.
Example
The obstreperous students disrupted the class.
Los estudiantes ruidosos interrumpieron la clase.
C2 adjective /ˈsɛpərəbəl/

separable

separable
Meaning
Capable of being separated or divided.
Example
The two issues are separable and should be discussed independently.
Los dos problemas son separables y deben discutirse de forma independiente.
B2 noun ˈdɒmɪnəns

dominance

dominancia
Meaning
Power and influence over others; control or command.
Example
The dominance of Urdu was evident.
La dominancia del urdu era evidente.
C1 noun /ruːz/

Ruse

artimaña; truco
Meaning
an action intended to deceive someone; a trick or stratagem
Example
The thief used a clever ruse to distract the guard.
El ladrón usó una artimaña astuta para distraer al guardia.
A2 noun /kəˈlek.ʃən/

Collection

colección; acopio; archivo
Meaning
a group of objects gathered together; the action or process of collecting
Example
She has an impressive collection of vintage books in her library.
Ella tiene una impresionante colección de libros antiguos en su biblioteca.
C2 adjective /ˈdʒɜːrmɪnəl/

germinal

germinal
Meaning
Relating to the earliest stage of development.
Example
The idea was still in its germinal stage.
La idea todavía estaba en su etapa germinal.
B2 adverb /ˈnoʊtəbli/

notably

notablemente
Meaning
used to indicate something worthy of attention or significant
Example
She is notably talented in painting.
Ella es notablemente talentosa en la pintura.
C2 adverb /ˌɪnəzˈmʌtʃ/

inasmuch

en la medida en que
Meaning
To the extent that; considering that.
Example
Inasmuch as you are their teacher, you should guide them carefully.
En la medida en que eres su maestro, deberías guiarlos cuidadosamente.
C1 noun /rɪˈzʌmp.ʃən/

Resumption

reanudar
Meaning
the action of beginning something again after a pause or interruption
Example
The resumption of classes will be announced next week.
La reanudación de las clases será anunciada la próxima semana.
B2 noun ɪˈroʊʒən

erosion

erosión
Meaning
The gradual destruction or diminishing of something.
Example
Power struggles often lead to the erosion of humanity.
Las luchas de poder a menudo conducen a la erosión de la humanidad.
B2 noun /əkˈnɒlɪdʒmənt/

acknowledgement

reconocimiento
Meaning
the act of recognizing or accepting something as true or valid; an expression of gratitude or recognition
Example
She received an acknowledgement for her contribution to the project.
Recibió un reconocimiento por su contribución al proyecto.
B2 noun /ˌkɑm.pənˈseɪ.ʃən/

Compensation

compensación; remuneración
Meaning
something given or received as an equivalent for services, debt, loss, injury, or suffering; payment or reward
Example
The company provided financial compensation to the workers injured in the accident.
La empresa proporcionó compensación financiera a los trabajadores lesionados en el accidente.
A2 noun /ænt/

Ant

hormiga
Meaning
a small insect that lives in organized colonies and is known for hard work
Example
The ant carried a crumb that was twice its size.
La hormiga cargó una migaja que era el doble de su tamaño.
C1 adjective /pərˈsɛptɪv/

perceptive

felicidad
Meaning
Having or showing keen insight, understanding, or awareness.
Example
She is very perceptive and quickly notices when something is wrong.
Ella no podía ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
B1 noun /ʃel/

Shell

cáscara
Meaning
hard outer covering of an animal; explosive projectile for a gun
Example
The artillery fired a shell at the enemy position.
La artillería disparó una cáscara a la posición enemiga.
B1 noun /mæs/

mass

masa
Meaning
a large body of matter with no specific shape; a large number of people or things
Example
A huge mass of people gathered in the square.
Una enorme masa de personas se reunió en la plaza.
C1 adjective /prɪˈpɒstərəs/

preposterous

absurdo, ridículo
Meaning
completely ridiculous or absurd; contrary to reason or common sense
Example
The idea that pigs could fly is preposterous.
La idea de que los cerdos puedan volar es absurda.
C2 verb /ˈbæstərdaɪz/

bastardize

bastardizar
Meaning
to corrupt or debase something by altering it from its original form; to change in a way that reduces quality or purity
Example
Critics argue that the remake bastardized the original novel.
Los críticos dicen que la adaptación bastardizó la obra original.
B2 adjective /ˈkʌnɪŋ/

cunning

astuto
Meaning
Having or showing skill in achieving one's ends by deceit or evasion; cleverness in a tricky way.
Example
The cunning fox tricked the farmer.
El astuto zorro engañó al granjero.
A2 adjective ˈæktɪv

active

activo
Meaning
Engaging or ready to engage in physically energetic pursuits; characterized by energetic work, participation, etc.
Example
Active participation in education is vital for progress.
La participación activa en la educación es vital para el progreso.
A1 interjection /ʌ/

uh

eh
Meaning
a sound people make when they hesitate or are unsure what to say next.
Example
Uh, I’m not sure if that’s the right answer.
Eh, no estoy seguro de si esa es la respuesta correcta.
B2 adjective /ˈdjʊərəbəl/

Durable

duradero; resistente; fuerte
Meaning
able to withstand wear, pressure, or damage; lasting; strong
Example
This durable fabric will last for many years.
Esta tela duradera durará muchos años.
B1 adjective /ˈɔːɡənaɪzd/

organized

organizado
Meaning
Arranged in a systematic way, especially on a large scale.
Example
An organized approach to work increases productivity and reduces stress.
Un enfoque organizado para el trabajo aumenta la productividad y reduce el estrés.
C1 noun /ˈkʌn.stə.bəl/

constable

agente
Meaning
a police officer of the lowest rank
Example
The constable directed traffic at the busy intersection.
El agente dirigió el tráfico en la intersección concurrida.
C1 noun/adjective/verb /bʌf/

buff

aficionado / pulir
Meaning
A fan or enthusiast; also to polish or shine something.
Example
He is a movie buff who watches films every weekend.
Él es un aficionado al cine que ve películas cada fin de semana.
A2 noun /ɡoʊt/

Goat

cabra
Meaning
a farm animal with horns that gives milk and meat
Example
The farmer keeps goats for their milk and cheese.
El granjero cría cabras por su leche y queso.
C2 adjective /sæŋˈɡwɪniəs/

sanguineous

relacionado con sangre
Meaning
Relating to blood; bloody.
Example
The surgeon examined the sanguineous discharge from the wound.
El cirujano examinó la secreción sanguínea de la herida.
B2 noun /ˌɪnstəˈbɪləti/

instability

inestabilidad
Meaning
lack of stability or balance; tendency to change, fail, or collapse easily
Example
Political instability has slowed economic growth in the region.
La inestabilidad política ha ralentizado el crecimiento económico de la región.
B1 noun /ˈbɪldər/

builder

constructor
Meaning
a person or company that constructs buildings or other structures
Example
The builder checked the site before starting the construction.
El constructor revisó el sitio antes de comenzar la construcción.
C2 noun /ˌænəlˈdʒiːziə/

analgesia

analgesia
Meaning
The inability to feel pain while still conscious.
Example
The doctor induced analgesia before performing the procedure.
El doctor indujo la analgesia antes de realizar el procedimiento.
C2 noun /ˈbriːtʃɪz/

Breeckes

pantalones cortos hasta la rodilla
Meaning
knee-length trousers; short pants
Example
He wore riding breeches for the equestrian event.
Él usó pantalones cortos hasta la rodilla para el evento ecuestre.
C1 verb /ˈmʌmbəl/

mumble

murmurar
Meaning
To speak quietly and not clearly so that words are difficult to understand.
Example
He mumbled an apology before leaving.
Él murmuró una disculpa antes de irse.
C2 adjective /ˈfiːkənd/

fecund

fértil, productivo
Meaning
producing or capable of producing an abundance of offspring or new growth; fertile
Example
The fecund soil produced a bountiful harvest this year.
El suelo fértil produjo una cosecha abundante este año.
B2 noun ˈpɛstɪˌsaɪd

pesticide

pesticida
Meaning
A substance used for destroying insects or other organisms harmful to cultivated plants or to animals.
Example
The pesticide sprayed in the field killed the harmful insects.
El pesticida rociado en el campo mató a los insectos dañinos.
A1 pronoun /maɪˈsɛlf/

myself

yo mismo
Meaning
used for emphasis or to refer to oneself
Example
I will do it myself.
Lo haré yo mismo.
B2 noun /ˈstrʌk.tʃərz/

structures

estructuras
Meaning
Buildings or other objects constructed from several parts.
Example
The region has ancient structures.
La región tiene estructuras antiguas.
C2 adjective /ˌmɒnəkrəˈmætɪk/

monochromatic

monocromático
Meaning
Consisting of or displaying only one color.
Example
The artist created a striking monochromatic painting in shades of blue.
El artista creó una pintura monocromática llamativa en tonos de azul.
C2 adjective /ˌstaʊtˈhɑːrtɪd/

stouthearted

valiente
Meaning
Brave, determined, and courageous
Example
The stouthearted soldier never gave up.
El soldado valiente nunca se rindió.
C1 noun ˌdɪs.æmˌbɪɡ.juˈeɪ.ʃən

disambiguation

desambiguación
Meaning
The removal of ambiguity by making something clear and unambiguous.
Example
The AI system applies disambiguation to refine text understanding.
El sistema de IA aplica la disambiguación para refinar la comprensión del texto.
B1 noun /ˈʃoʊldər/

Shoulder

hombro
Meaning
the part of the body between the neck and the arm
Example
He carried the bag over his shoulder.
Él llevó la bolsa sobre su hombro.
A2 adverb /ˈnaɪsli/

nicely

agradablemente
Meaning
in a pleasant, kind, or satisfactory manner; carefully and appropriately
Example
She explained the problem nicely so everyone could understand.
Ella explicó el problema agradablemente para que todos entendieran.
C1 adjective /ˈfiːlaɪn/

feline

relacionado con los gatos
Meaning
relating to or characteristic of cats
Example
Her movements were graceful and almost feline in their elegance.
Sus movimientos eran gráciles y casi felinos en su elegancia.
B2 verb /dɪˈfaɪ/

defy

desafiar
Meaning
to openly resist or refuse to obey someone or something; to challenge or dare someone to do something
Example
The protesters continued to defy the government's ban on public gatherings.
Los manifestantes continuaron desafiando la prohibición del gobierno sobre reuniones públicas.
C1 noun /ˌres.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/

Recitation

recitación
Meaning
the action of reciting or repeating aloud from memory
Example
The poetry recitation contest was held in the auditorium.
El concurso de recitación de poesía se llevó a cabo en el auditorio.
C2 adjective /ˈsmɑːrmi/

smarmy

adulador / falsa cortesía
Meaning
Excessively flattering or ingratiating, often insincerely.
Example
The salesman gave a smarmy pitch that felt fake.
El vendedor dio una charla aduladora que se sintió falsa.
C1 verb /ˌpriːdɪˈspoʊz/

predispose

predisponer
Meaning
To make someone more likely to behave in a certain way or be affected by something.
Example
His genetics may predispose him to diabetes.
Sus genes pueden predisponerlo a la diabetes.
C1 noun ˌrɛk.əˈlɛk.ʃən

Recollection

recolección
Meaning
Remembering past events or information
Example
His recollection of childhood memories was vivid.
Su recuerdo de la infancia era vívido.
B2 noun /ˈwɪldərnəs/

Wilderness

región salvaje; territorio inexplorado; desierto
Meaning
an uncultivated, uninhabited, and inhospitable region; a wild or uncultivated state
Example
They got lost in the wilderness for three days.
Se perdieron en la naturaleza durante tres días.
C1 verb /kɑːrp/

carp

quejarse
Meaning
to complain or find fault continually, often about trivial matters
Example
She tends to carp about the smallest inconveniences.
Ella tiende a quejarse por los inconvenientes más pequeños.
C2 noun /ˈdʒaɪrəˌskoʊp/

gyroscope

giroscopio
Meaning
A device consisting of a wheel or disk mounted so it can spin rapidly and maintain orientation, used for navigation and balance.
Example
The airplane's navigation system relies on a gyroscope for stability.
El sistema de navegación del avión depende de un giroscopio para la estabilidad.
A2 noun /ˈləʊɡəʊ/

logo

logotipo
Meaning
a symbol or other small design adopted by an organization to identify its products, uniform, vehicles, etc.
Example
The company's logo was redesigned to reflect its new image.
El logotipo de la empresa fue rediseñado para reflejar su nueva imagen.
C1 verb /bloʊt/

bloat

hinchar
Meaning
to swell or cause to swell, often due to fluid or gas
Example
Eating too much junk food can bloat your stomach.
Comer demasiada comida chatarra puede hacer que tu estómago se hinche.
A1 preposition /wɪð/

with

con
Meaning
indicating the person or thing that is accompanying or involved with someone or something else
Example
She went to the market with her friend.
Ella fue al mercado con su amiga.
B1 noun /ˈwiːltʃeər/

wheelchair

silla de ruedas
Meaning
a chair with wheels, used by people who cannot walk easily or at all
Example
The hospital provided a wheelchair for the injured patient.
El hospital proporcionó una silla de ruedas para el paciente herido.
C2 noun /ˈmædʒɪstrəsi/

magistracy

oficina judicial
Meaning
The office, authority, or district of a magistrate.
Example
He was proud to serve in the local magistracy for over a decade.
Él estaba orgulloso de servir en la oficina judicial local durante más de una década.
C1 verb /ʃʌnt/

shunt

desviar
Meaning
to move or turn aside; to push or divert from one track to another
Example
The train was shunted onto a different track.
El tren fue desviado a otra vía.
C1 adjective /ˈʌpərˌmoʊst/

uppermost

más alto
Meaning
situated at the highest place or most important
Example
Her family's safety was uppermost in her mind during the crisis.
La seguridad de su familia era lo más importante en su mente durante la crisis.
A2 adjective /ˈwɪndi/

windy

ventoso
Meaning
characterized by strong wind; also, using too many words and saying little
Example
It was so windy that the umbrellas flipped inside out.
Hacía tanto viento que los paraguas se dieron la vuelta.