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A1 title /ˈmɪstər/

mr

Sr.
Meaning
a title used before a man's name
Example
Mr. Rahman is our new teacher.
Sr. Rahman es nuestro nuevo maestro.
A2 verb /hɑːrm/

harm

dañar
Meaning
to cause damage, injury, or hurt to someone or something
Example
Smoking can harm your health.
Fumar puede dañar tu salud.
C1 noun /ɪnˈdʒʌŋkʃən/

injunction

orden judicial
Meaning
A judicial order restraining a person from an action or compelling a certain act.
Example
The court issued an injunction to stop the company from polluting the river.
El tribunal emitió una orden judicial para evitar que la empresa contaminara el río.
B1 noun /ˈkæləri/

calorie

caloría
Meaning
A unit of energy, often used to measure the energy content of food and drink.
Example
She checks the calorie count before eating any packaged food.
Ella revisa el conteo de calorías antes de comer cualquier comida empacada.
C1 noun /haɪˈpɒtənjuːs/

hypotenuse

hipotenusa
Meaning
the longest side of a right-angled triangle, opposite the right angle.
Example
In a right triangle, the hypotenuse is always longer than the other two sides.
En un triángulo rectángulo, la hipotenusa siempre es más larga que los otros dos lados.
C1 verb /drɛntʃ/

drench

empapar
Meaning
to make someone or something completely wet
Example
The sudden rain drenched the players on the field.
La lluvia repentina empapó a los jugadores en el campo.
A1 verb /hoʊld/

hold

sujetar
Meaning
to grasp or carry something; to maintain a position
Example
Please hold my hand.
por favor, sujeta mi mano.
A2 noun /ˈtel.ɪˌvɪʒ.ən/

Television

televisión
Meaning
an electronic device for receiving and displaying television broadcasts
Example
My family watches television together every evening.
Mi familia ve la televisión junta todas las noches.
B1 noun /kəmˈpænjən/

companion

compañero
Meaning
a person or animal you spend time with or travel with
Example
He was my companion during the long journey.
Él fue mi compañero durante el largo viaje.
B2 verb, noun /ɪkˈsplɔɪt/

exploit

explotar / hacer uso de
Meaning
to make full use of and derive benefit from (a resource); to use someone unfairly for one’s own advantage
Example
The company was accused of exploiting child labor.
La compañía fue acusada de explotar el trabajo infantil.
B1 noun /ɪnˈθjuː.zi.æz.əm/

Enthusiasm

entusiasmo; fervor; ardor
Meaning
intense and eager enjoyment, interest, or approval
Example
Her enthusiasm for the project inspired the entire team.
Su entusiasmo por el proyecto inspiró a todo el equipo.
B2 noun/verb /ˈpriːfɪks/

prefix

prefijo; añadir algo al principio
Meaning
a word, letter, or number placed before another; as a verb, to add something in front of something else
Example
Developers often prefix variables with an underscore.
Los desarrolladores a menudo prefijan variables con un guion bajo.
B2 noun /blæk sneɪk/

Black Snake

serpiente negra
Meaning
a snake with dark or black colored skin
Example
The black snake slithered through the grass.
La serpiente negra se deslizó a través de la hierba.
C2 adjective /ˈsʌpliənt/

suppliant

suplicante
Meaning
Humbly or earnestly asking for something, especially from a person in authority.
Example
The suppliant man begged for mercy at the king's feet.
El hombre suplicante pidió misericordia a los pies del rey.
B2 adverb /səbˈstænʃəli/

substantially

sustancialmente
Meaning
to a great extent or degree
Example
The new policy has substantially improved working conditions.
La nueva política ha mejorado sustancialmente las condiciones laborales.
C2 noun /vəˈliːɪti/

velleity

deseo débil
Meaning
A wish or inclination not strong enough to lead to action.
Example
His interest in painting never grew beyond a mere velleity.
Su interés en la pintura nunca creció más allá de un mero deseo débil.
C1 noun /pəˈsweɪsɪvnes/

persuasiveness

persuasividad
Meaning
The quality of being good at persuading someone to do or believe something.
Example
Her persuasiveness convinced the team to follow her suggestions.
Su persuasividad convenció al equipo para seguir sus sugerencias.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnəˈfɛktɪd/

unaffected

inafectado, genuino
Meaning
Not influenced or touched by something; genuine and natural.
Example
He remained unaffected by the criticism and kept working hard.
Él permaneció sin verse afectado por la crítica y siguió trabajando duro.
B2 noun ˈænsɛstərz

Ancestors

antepasado
Meaning
A person from whom one is descended; a forefather.
Example
The family tree shows the names of all ancestors.
El árbol genealógico muestra los nombres de todos los antepasados.
B1 noun /ɪnˈstrʌkʃənz/

instructions

instrucciones
Meaning
Detailed information on how something should be done or operated.
Example
Please follow the instructions on the box.
Por favor, siga las instrucciones en la caja.
B2 adjective /ˌbaɪəʊdɪˈɡreɪdəbl/

biodegradable

biodegradable
Meaning
Capable of being decomposed by natural biological processes, typically by bacteria or other living organisms, without causing harm to the environment.
Example
Biodegradable materials break down naturally without harming the environment.
Los materiales biodegradables se descomponen naturalmente sin dañar el medio ambiente.
B2 noun /bʌd/

Bud

capullo
Meaning
An undeveloped or immature flower before it opens
Example
The rose bud will bloom into a beautiful flower in a few days.
El capullo de rosa se convertirá en una hermosa flor en unos pocos días.
B1 noun /rɪˈkwɛst/

request

solicitud
Meaning
a formal or polite demand for something
Example
She made a request for additional time to complete the project.
Ella hizo una solicitud de tiempo adicional para completar el proyecto.
B2 verb /dreɪn/

drain

drenar
Meaning
to cause liquid to flow away from something; to remove liquid
Example
He drained the pasta before adding the sauce.
Él drenó la pasta antes de añadir la salsa.
B2 noun /ˈpɛzənt/

peasant

campesino
Meaning
a poor farmer or agricultural laborer who owns or rents a small piece of land for cultivation
Example
The peasant worked hard in the fields from dawn to dusk.
El campesino trabajó arduamente en los campos desde el amanecer hasta el atardecer.
A2 noun /ˈælbəm/

album

álbum
Meaning
A collection of songs or photographs compiled into a single book, record, or digital file.
Example
She showed me her travel album full of beautiful pictures.
Ella me mostró su álbum de viajes lleno de fotos hermosas.
B2 noun /koʊˈɔːrdɪˌneɪtər/

coordinator

coordinador
Meaning
a person who organizes people or activities so that they work well together
Example
The event coordinator managed everything perfectly.
El coordinador del evento gestionó todo perfectamente.
C2 noun ˌpɜː.pɪˈtʃuː.ɪ.ti

perpetuity

perpetuidad, eternidad, continuidad
Meaning
Permanence, eternity, continuity.
Example
The contract ensures payments in perpetuity.
El contrato asegura pagos en perpetuidad.
B2 noun /ˈflɒrɪst/

florist

florista
Meaning
A person who sells and arranges flowers.
Example
We bought a bouquet from the local florist.
Compramos un ramo en el florista local.
C1 verb /ˈdʒɜːrmɪneɪt/

germinate

felicidad
Meaning
To begin to grow or develop, especially referring to a seed.
Example
The seeds germinate quickly in moist soil.
Ella no pudo ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈsɪpiənt/

incipient

incipiente
Meaning
in an initial stage; beginning to develop
Example
The incipient storm made the sky turn dark and heavy.
La tormenta incipiente hizo que el cielo se volviera oscuro y pesado.
B2 adjective /ˌfæʃ.ənd/

Outdated

desactualizado
Meaning
obsolete; no longer current
Example
This computer software is completely outdated.
Este software de computadora está completamente desactualizado.
C1 noun /tɑːrˈpɔːlɪn/

tarpaulin

lona impermeable
Meaning
A large sheet of strong, flexible, water-resistant material used for covering or protecting things.
Example
The workers used a tarpaulin to cover the construction materials from rain.
Los trabajadores usaron una lona impermeable para cubrir los materiales de construcción de la lluvia.
B2 noun ˌel.ɪ.dʒəˈbɪl.ə.ti

eligibility

eligibilidad
Meaning
The state of having the right to do or obtain something through satisfaction of the appropriate conditions.
Example
Eligibility criteria maintain fairness.
Los criterios de elegibilidad mantienen la equidad.
C1 noun /ˈkælkjʊləs/

calculus

cálculo
Meaning
A branch of mathematics concerned with rates of change and accumulation; also a hard mineral deposit in the body such as on teeth.
Example
Calculus is essential for advanced studies in physics and engineering.
El cálculo es esencial para los estudios avanzados en física e ingeniería.
B2 noun /ˌdʒʌstɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

justification

justificación
Meaning
a reason, explanation, or excuse that shows something is right or reasonable
Example
There is no justification for such rude behavior.
No hay justificación para tal comportamiento grosero.
C1 noun /ˈtjuːmʌlt/

tumult

tumulto
Meaning
A loud, confused noise, especially caused by a crowd; commotion or disorder.
Example
The protest created a tumult in the city square.
La protesta creó un tumulto en la plaza de la ciudad.
B2 adjective /ˈplen.tɪ.fəl/

Plentiful

abundante; en gran cantidad
Meaning
abundant; existing in large quantity
Example
The harvest was plentiful this year due to good weather.
La cosecha fue abundante este año debido al buen clima.
A2 noun /sprɪŋ/

spring

primavera
Meaning
the season between winter and summer when plants begin to grow
Example
Flowers bloom in the spring.
Las flores florecen en la primavera.
C2 adjective /ˈstɪdʒiən/

stygian

tenebroso
Meaning
extremely dark, gloomy, or forbidding
Example
They walked through the stygian cave with torches.
Caminaban a través de la cueva tenebrosa con antorchas.
C1 verb /əˈbaʊnd/

abound

abundar
Meaning
To exist in large numbers or amounts.
Example
Opportunities abound in the field of technology.
Las oportunidades abundan en el campo de la tecnología.
B2 noun /ˌɔːtəbaɪˈɒɡrəfi/

autobiography

autobiografía
Meaning
An account of a person's life written by that person.
Example
She published an autobiography about her journey to success.
Ella publicó una autobiografía sobre su viaje hacia el éxito.
B2 adjective /ˈtrʌst.wɜː.ði/

Trustworthy

confiable
Meaning
able to be relied on as honest or truthful; deserving of trust
Example
He is a trustworthy friend who always keeps his promises.
Él es un amigo digno de confianza que siempre cumple sus promesas.
A2 noun /ˈmembər/

member

miembro
Meaning
a person or thing that belongs to a group or organization
Example
She is a member of the local sports club.
Ella es miembro del club deportivo local.
C2 adjective /ˈpliːnəri/

plenary

plenario
Meaning
complete in every way; fully attended or absolute
Example
The committee held a plenary session to discuss all matters of importance.
El comité celebró una sesión plenaria para discutir todos los asuntos importantes.
B2 verb /prɪˈskrʌɪb/

prescribe

recetar
Meaning
to recommend or authorize the use of something, especially medicine
Example
The doctor prescribed medication for my cold.
El doctor recetó medicamentos para mi resfriado.
B1 noun ˈkɒnsept

concept

concepto
Meaning
An abstract idea or general notion
Example
The concept of chasing two rabbits teaches focus.
El concepto de perseguir dos conejos enseña enfoque.
A2 adverb /ˈɒbviəsli/

obviously

obviamente
Meaning
in a way that is easily perceived or understood; clearly
Example
Obviously, he didn’t read the instructions.
Obviamente, él no leyó las instrucciones.
B2 noun /ˈkwɔːtərˌbæk/

quarterback

mariscal de campo
Meaning
the player who directs a team’s offense in American football
Example
The quarterback threw a perfect pass.
El mariscal de campo lanzó un pase perfecto.
B2 noun /ˈməʊtərɪst/

motorist

automovilista
Meaning
a person who drives a motor vehicle, especially a car or motorcycle
Example
The motorist stopped to help after seeing the accident on the highway.
El automovilista se detuvo para ayudar después de ver el accidente.
C2 verb /ˈdʌmfaʊnd/

dumbfound

dejar boquiabierto
Meaning
to greatly astonish or shock someone so they are temporarily speechless
Example
The magician's trick dumbfounded the audience.
El truco del mago dejó boquiabiertos a los espectadores.
C1 phrase ˌdɪp.ləˈmæt.ɪk rɛz.əˈluː.ʃən

diplomatic resolution

resolución diplomática
Meaning
A peaceful solution to conflicts through negotiation and diplomatic channels.
Example
A diplomatic resolution is necessary for peace.
Es necesaria una resolución diplomática para la paz.
C2 noun /ˈpætrɪˌmoʊni/

patrimony

patrimonio
Meaning
Property or inheritance passed down from one's father or ancestors.
Example
The castle was part of his patrimony from his noble ancestors.
El castillo era parte de su patrimonio de sus nobles antepasados.
C2 verb /ˈdʒɪb.ər/

gibber

hablar de manera incomprensible
Meaning
To speak rapidly and unintelligibly, typically through fear or shock.
Example
The frightened man began to gibber when he saw the ghost.
El hombre asustado comenzó a hablar de manera incomprensible cuando vio al fantasma.
B2 adverb /ˈpʌŋk.tʃu.əl.i/

Punctually

puntualmente
Meaning
at the exact time arranged; on time; not late
Example
She always arrives punctually for meetings.
Ella siempre llega puntualmente a las reuniones.
B2 noun /təˈreɪn/

terrain

terreno
Meaning
a stretch of land, especially with regard to its physical features
Example
The soldiers had to cross rough terrain during the mission.
Los soldados tuvieron que cruzar un terreno difícil durante la misión.
C2 noun ˈtræn.zi.əns

transience

transitoriedad
Meaning
The state or fact of lasting only for a short time; impermanence.
Example
The transience of youth makes it more precious.
La transitoriedad de la juventud la hace más preciosa.
C1 verb /paʊt/

pout

hacer pucheros
Meaning
to push one's lips forward as an expression of annoyance or sulkiness
Example
The child began to pout when he didn’t get the toy.
El niño empezó a hacer pucheros cuando no consiguió el juguete.
C2 adjective /ˌsæsərˈdoʊtl/

sacerdotal

sacerdotal
Meaning
Relating to priests or the priesthood.
Example
The ritual had a distinctly sacerdotal character.
El ritual tenía un carácter claramente sacerdotal.
C2 noun /ˈlɔːˌɡɪvər/

lawgiver

legislador
Meaning
A person who creates or enforces laws; a legislator.
Example
Moses is often regarded as a great lawgiver in history.
Moisés es a menudo considerado como un gran legislador en la historia.
A1 noun /ˈtɔɪlət/

toilet

inodoro
Meaning
a fixture used for the disposal of human waste
Example
The public toilet was clean and well maintained.
El inodoro público estaba limpio y bien mantenido.
C2 verb /dʌn/

dun

exigir el pago de una deuda
Meaning
to demand payment of a debt persistently
Example
The landlord dunned the tenant for unpaid rent.
El arrendador exigió al inquilino el alquiler impago.
B2 noun /ˈhɑːr.mə.ni/

harmony

armonía
Meaning
A pleasing combination of different elements or a state of peaceful coexistence.
Example
A society thrives when there is harmony among its people.
Una sociedad prospera cuando hay armonía entre sus personas.
A2 verb /ˈmɪsɪŋ/

missing

desaparecido
Meaning
Being without or lacking; failing to be present or included.
Example
Many youths are missing economic opportunities.
Muchos jóvenes están perdiendo oportunidades económicas.
C2 noun /dʒeɪp/

jape

broma, chiste
Meaning
A practical joke or humorous remark.
Example
He enjoyed a harmless jape with his friends.
Disfrutó de una broma inofensiva con sus amigos.
B2 verb /kəˈlæps/

collapse

colapsar
Meaning
to fall down or inward suddenly; to break down completely
Example
The old building collapsed after the earthquake.
El viejo edificio colapsó después del terremoto.
C1 verb /dɪˈteɪn/

detain

detener
Meaning
to keep someone from proceeding; to hold back, especially by official authority
Example
The police detained the suspect for questioning.
La policía detuvo al sospechoso para interrogarlo.
C2 noun /ˈhɛʃ.ən/

Hessian

tela de yute
Meaning
a strong coarse fabric made from jute or hemp, used for sacks and wrapping
Example
The farmer stored grain in hessian sacks.
El agricultor guardó grano en sacos de hessian.
A1 adverb /ˈriː.ə.li/

Really

realmente; verdaderamente; mucho
Meaning
actually; truly; very much
Example
I really enjoyed the concert last night.
Realmente disfruté el concierto anoche.
B2 verb /waɪn/

whine

quejarse
Meaning
to complain in an annoying way; to make a high-pitched sound
Example
The child whined about having to go to bed early.
El niño se quejaba de tener que ir a la cama temprano.
B1 noun /ˈflaʊər veɪs/

Flower-vase

jarrón de flores
Meaning
a decorative container used to hold cut flowers
Example
She placed beautiful roses in the flower vase on the table.
Ella colocó hermosas rosas en el florero sobre la mesa.
B2 adjective /ˈhoʊl.səm/

Wholesome

saludable; beneficioso para el bienestar físico o moral
Meaning
conducive to or promoting moral or physical well-being; healthy
Example
Eating wholesome food is important for good health.
Comer comida saludable es importante para la buena salud.
C2 verb ˈɑːb.fə.skeɪt

obfuscate

ofuscar, oscurecer, confundir
Meaning
Render obscure, unclear, or unintelligible.
Example
Politicians often obfuscate facts to mislead people.
Los políticos a menudo ofuscan los hechos para engañar a la gente.
C1 adjective ˈbɜːdʒənɪŋ

burgeoning

en expansión
Meaning
Beginning to grow or increase rapidly; flourishing.
Example
The burgeoning tech industry has attracted many investors.
La industria tecnológica en expansión ha atraído a muchos inversores.
C1 adjective /ˈməʊltən/

molten

fundido
Meaning
Made into liquid by heat; melted.
Example
The blacksmith poured molten metal into the mold.
El herrero vertió metal fundido en el molde.
C2 noun /pəˈveɪʒən/

pervasion

pervasión
Meaning
the act of spreading through or being present everywhere in something
Example
There was a pervasion of hope throughout the community.
Había una pervasión de esperanza en toda la comunidad.
B2 adjective /sɪmˈbɒlɪk/

symbolic

simbólico
Meaning
serving as a symbol or representing something else
Example
The dove is symbolic of peace and freedom.
La paloma es simbólica de la paz y la libertad.
B2 noun /ˈpɒp.i/

Poppy

amapola
Meaning
a bright red flower with black seeds, often used as a symbol of remembrance
Example
The red poppy bloomed beautifully in the garden.
La amapola roja floreció hermosamente en el jardín.
C2 adjective /ˈfædɪʃ/

faddish

moda pasajera
Meaning
Following a temporary trend or fashion
Example
Wearing neon clothes was a faddish style in the 1980s.
Usar ropa neón era un estilo pasajero en los años 80.
C2 noun /prɪˈsɛntɪmənt/

presentiment

presentimiento
Meaning
An intuitive feeling about the future, especially of something bad about to happen.
Example
He had a strong presentiment that the plan would fail.
Tenía un fuerte presentimiento de que el plan fracasaría.
C1 noun /rentʃ/

Wrench

llave inglesa
Meaning
a tool used for gripping and turning nuts, bolts, or pipes
Example
He used a wrench to tighten the bolt.
Usó una llave inglesa para apretar el perno.
B2 noun /kriːk/

creek

arroyuelo
Meaning
a small stream or narrow river
Example
We went fishing by the creek near our house.
Fuimos a pescar junto al arroyo cerca de nuestra casa.
C2 noun /əˈpɒθəˌkɛri/

apothecary

boticario
Meaning
A historical term for a person who prepared and sold medicines and drugs.
Example
The village apothecary provided remedies for many common illnesses.
El boticario del pueblo proporcionó remedios para muchas enfermedades comunes.
C1 noun /ˈmætɪneɪ/

matinee

función de la tarde
Meaning
A performance, especially a play or movie, that takes place in the afternoon.
Example
We bought tickets for the Sunday afternoon matinee.
Compramos entradas para la función de la tarde del domingo.
C1 adjective /ˈærɪd/

arid

árido
Meaning
extremely dry; lacking in interest or excitement
Example
The desert is known for its arid climate.
El desierto es conocido por su clima árido.
B2 adjective /ˌmʌltɪˈlɪŋɡwəl/

multilingual

multilingüe
Meaning
Able to speak or written in several languages.
Example
She grew up in a multilingual household.
Ella creció en una casa multilingüe.
A1 verb /kʌt/

cut

cortar
Meaning
to divide or separate with a sharp tool
Example
I cut the paper with scissors.
Corté el papel con tijeras.
C1 adjective /əˈɡæst/

aghast

estupefacto
Meaning
filled with shock or horror
Example
The audience was aghast at the tragic scene.
La audiencia estaba estupefacta ante la escena trágica.
C1 noun /bʌm/

bum

trasero
Meaning
informal term for the buttocks; also a homeless or lazy person
Example
He sat on his bum all day doing nothing.
Estuvo sentado en su trasero todo el día sin hacer nada.
B2 noun /ˈtraɪ.əl/

Trial

juicio; prueba
Meaning
a formal examination of evidence in a court; a test of performance or quality
Example
The murder trial lasted for three weeks in the county courthouse.
El juicio por asesinato duró tres semanas en el tribunal del condado.
C2 noun /fɔːrˈbɛrəns/

forbearance

tolerancia
Meaning
Patient self-control; restraint and tolerance, especially in difficult situations.
Example
She showed remarkable forbearance during the heated argument.
Ella mostró una notable tolerancia durante la acalorada discusión.
C1 noun /ˈæl.kə.laɪ/

alkali

alcalino
Meaning
a soluble base substance, typically with a pH greater than 7, that neutralizes acids
Example
Soap contains alkali which helps remove grease.
El jabón contiene alcalino que ayuda a quitar la grasa.
C2 verb /ˈpʌkər/

pucker

fruncir
Meaning
to tighten or contract into small folds or wrinkles
Example
She puckered her lips before kissing the child.
Ella frunció los labios antes de besar al niño.
A2 noun; adverb /pərˈsɛnt/

percent

por ciento
Meaning
a proportion out of one hundred; by each hundred
Example
Sales increased by ten percent this year.
Las ventas aumentaron un diez por ciento este año.
B2 adjective /juːˈnæn.ɪ.məs/

Unanimous

unánime
Meaning
fully in agreement; shared by all
Example
The committee reached a unanimous decision.
El comité tomó una decisión unánime.
B1 noun /ˈlɪm.ɪt/

Limit

límite; restricción
Meaning
a point or level beyond which something does not or may not extend or pass; the greatest amount allowed
Example
There is a speed limit on this road.
Hay un límite de velocidad en esta carretera.
C1 noun /ˈten.jər/

Tenure

mandato
Meaning
the period of time during which someone holds an office or position
Example
During his tenure as CEO, the company expanded globally.
Durante su mandato como CEO, la empresa se expandió globalmente.
A1 noun /tiː/

Tea

té
Meaning
a hot drink made by pouring boiling water onto dried leaves
Example
We drink tea every morning at breakfast.
Tomamos té todas las mañanas en el desayuno.
A1 verb /wɔːk/

walk

caminar
Meaning
to move forward by putting one foot in front of the other
Example
I walk to school every morning.
Voy a la escuela caminando todas las mañanas.
A2 noun /fəˈtɒɡrəfə/

photographer

fotógrafo
Meaning
a person who takes photographs professionally
Example
The photographer captured the beauty of nature.
El fotógrafo capturó la belleza de la naturaleza.
C1 noun /ˈɡræv.ɪ.tæs/

gravitas

gravedad
Meaning
Dignity, seriousness, or solemnity of manner or speech.
Example
The judge spoke with great gravitas.
El juez habló con gran gravedad.
A2 verb /kræʃ/

crash

felicidad
Meaning
To collide violently; to suddenly stop working (for machines or computers).
Example
The car crashed into the wall at high speed.
Ella no pudo ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C1 verb /ˈænɪmeɪt/

animate

animar
Meaning
to bring to life or make lively; to create animation for films or cartoons
Example
The artist will animate the characters for the movie.
El artista animará los personajes para la película.
C2 noun /ˈbɑːr.nɪ.kəl/

Barnacle

percebe
Meaning
a marine crustacean that attaches itself permanently to underwater surfaces
Example
The old ship's hull was covered with barnacles.
El casco del viejo barco estaba cubierto de percebes.
C1 noun /kræɡ/

crag

un acantilado o roca empinada
Meaning
a steep or rugged cliff or rock face
Example
The hikers climbed the jagged crag to reach the summit.
Los excursionistas subieron el acantilado escarpado para llegar a la cima.
C2 verb /fɔːrˈdʒʌdʒ/

forejudge

juzgar por adelantado
Meaning
To judge beforehand without adequate information.
Example
It is unfair to forejudge someone without knowing the facts.
Es injusto juzgar a alguien sin conocer los hechos.
B2 noun /vəˈlɪd.ɪ.ti/

Validity

validez
Meaning
the quality of being legally or officially acceptable; the quality of being logically or factually sound
Example
The validity of the contract expires next month.
La validez del contrato expira el próximo mes.
B2 adjective /ˈtɒl.ər.ə.bəl/

Tolerable

tolerable; aceptable, aunque no ideal
Meaning
able to be endured; acceptable though not ideal
Example
The heat was barely tolerable in the afternoon.
El calor era apenas tolerable en la tarde.
B1 noun /ˈvɪərər/

viewer

espectador
Meaning
a person who watches something, especially television or video content
Example
The viewer is able to switch channels with the remote control.
El espectador puede cambiar de canal con el control remoto.
B2 noun /ˈmaɪnə(r)/

miner

minero
Meaning
a person who works in a mine, extracting minerals or other resources
Example
The miner worked in the coal mine for many years.
El minero trabajó en la mina de carbón durante muchos años.
B1 noun /tɔːrˈtiːə/

tortilla

tortilla
Meaning
A thin round flatbread made from corn or wheat, common in Mexican cuisine.
Example
She wrapped the vegetables in a warm tortilla.
Ella envolvió las verduras en una tortilla caliente.
A2 noun /ˈɒf.ɪs/

office

oficina
Meaning
a room or building where people work, usually at desks
Example
She left the office early to attend a family event.
Ella dejó la oficina temprano para asistir a un evento familiar.
B2 noun /ˈmeɪər/

mayor

alcalde
Meaning
The elected head of a city, town, or municipality.
Example
The mayor announced a new policy to improve public transport.
El alcalde anunció una nueva política para mejorar el transporte público.
C2 noun /ˈnɛkrəˌmænsər/

necromancer

necromante
Meaning
a person who practices necromancy; a wizard or magician who claims to communicate with the dead
Example
The villagers feared the old necromancer who lived at the edge of the forest.
Los aldeanos temían al viejo necromante que vivía al borde del bosque.
C2 noun /roʊˈtʌn.də.ti/

rotundity

redondez
Meaning
the quality of being round or plump
Example
The rotundity of the balloon made it float gracefully.
La redondez del globo lo hizo flotar elegantemente.
C2 verb /ˈdʒɛn.juˌflɛkt/

genuflect

arrodillarse como señal de reverencia o adoración
Meaning
to bend one or both knees as a sign of reverence or worship
Example
The worshippers genuflect before the altar.
Los adoradores se arrodillan ante el altar.
C1 verb /ˌkaʊntərˈækt/

counteract

contrarrestar
Meaning
to act against something in order to reduce its effect
Example
The medicine helps counteract the side effects of the treatment.
El medicamento ayuda a contrarrestar los efectos secundarios del tratamiento.
B2 adjective /ˈsɛl.əˌbreɪ.tɪd/

celebrated

célebre
Meaning
Widely known and praised; famous for an achievement.
Example
He is a celebrated author in the field of literature.
Él es un autor celebrado en el campo de la literatura.
C1 adjective /məˈləʊ.di.əs/

Melodious

melodioso
Meaning
having a pleasant musical sound; tuneful
Example
Her melodious voice captivated the entire audience.
Su voz melodiosa cautivó a toda la audiencia.
C1 noun /nɑːtʃ/

notch

muesca
Meaning
A small cut or groove on the edge or surface of something; a level or degree of achievement.
Example
He carved a notch on the stick to mark the days.
Hizo una muesca en el palo para marcar los días.
C1 adjective /ˈlɪvɪd/

livid

furioso
Meaning
Extremely angry; furious.
Example
She was livid when she found out about the betrayal.
Ella estaba furiosa cuando descubrió la traición.