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C1 adjective /kənˈkluː.sɪv/

Conclusive

conclusivo; definitivo; resolviendo completamente un asunto
Meaning
final; decisive; settling a matter completely
Example
The evidence was conclusive and left no room for doubt.
La evidencia fue concluyente y no dejó lugar para la duda.
C1 adjective /ˌniːoʊˈlɪθɪk/

neolithic

neolítico
Meaning
Relating to the later part of the Stone Age, when ground or polished stone weapons and tools prevailed.
Example
Neolithic communities began practicing agriculture and domesticating animals.
Las comunidades neolíticas comenzaron a practicar la agricultura y a domesticar animales.
C1 noun /ˌpiːdiˈætrɪks/

pediatrics

pediatría
Meaning
the branch of medicine dealing with the health and medical care of children
Example
She decided to specialize in pediatrics after medical school.
Decidió especializarse en pediatría después de la escuela de medicina.
C1 noun /ˈpruːdəns/

prudence

prudencia
Meaning
The quality of being cautious, wise, and exercising good judgment.
Example
She invested her money with great prudence.
Ella invirtió su dinero con gran prudencia.
C1 noun /daɪˈsɛkʃən/

dissection

disección
Meaning
the act of cutting apart or analyzing something in detail, especially a body or structure
Example
The dissection of the specimen revealed important details about its structure.
La disección del espécimen reveló detalles importantes sobre su estructura.
C1 adjective /ˈsʌbstəntɪv/

substantive

importante
Meaning
Having a firm basis in reality; important, meaningful, or considerable.
Example
The company made substantive changes to its policy.
La compañía hizo cambios importantes en su política.
C1 noun ɪnˌten.sɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən

intensification

intensificación
Meaning
The process of becoming or making something more intense or extreme.
Example
The intensification of climate change requires urgent action.
La intensificación del cambio climático requiere una acción urgente.
C1 noun /ˈprɒk.tər/

proctor

examinador
Meaning
a person who supervises students during an examination
Example
The proctor reminded students to keep their phones switched off.
El proctor recordó a los estudiantes mantener sus teléfonos apagados.
C1 noun /ˈmɒŋ.ɡuːs/

Mongoose

mangosta
Meaning
a small carnivorous mammal known for its ability to kill venomous snakes
Example
The mongoose quickly attacked the cobra to protect its young.
La mangosta atacó rápidamente a la cobra para proteger a sus crías.
C1 adjective /ˌeɪˈtɪpɪkəl/

atypical

atípico
Meaning
not representative of a type, group, or class; unusual or abnormal
Example
The doctor said it was an atypical case of the disease.
El doctor dijo que era un caso atípico de la enfermedad.
C1 noun /kənˈveɪəns/

conveyance

transporte
Meaning
The action or process of transporting or carrying someone or something from one place to another.
Example
The conveyance of goods was delayed due to bad weather.
El transporte de mercancías se retrasó debido al mal tiempo.
C1 adjective /suːˈpɜːr.flu.əs/

superfluous

superfluo
Meaning
Unnecessary, especially through being more than enough.
Example
His speech contained too many superfluous details.
Su discurso contenía demasiados detalles superfluos.
C1 noun /draɪ ˈtʃɪl.i/

Dry Chilli

pimiento seco
Meaning
dried chili peppers used as spice for adding heat to food
Example
The recipe calls for two dry chillies to make it spicy.
La receta requiere dos pimientos secos para hacerlo picante.
C1 noun /ˈkɒndɪmənts/

condiments

condimentos o salsas
Meaning
Seasonings or sauces used to add flavor to food.
Example
Ketchup and mustard are popular condiments for burgers.
El kétchup y la mostaza son condimentos populares para las hamburguesas.
C1 verb /ɪˈvɪkt/

evict

desalojar
Meaning
To expel someone from a property, usually by legal process.
Example
The landlord decided to evict the tenants for not paying rent.
El arrendador decidió desalojar a los inquilinos por no pagar el alquiler.
C1 adjective /ˈmɒnstrəs/

Monstrous

monstruoso; extremadamente grande; chocante o malvado; anormal o antinatural
Meaning
extremely large; shockingly evil or wrong; abnormal or unnatural
Example
The monstrous crime shocked the entire community.
El crimen monstruoso sorprendió a toda la comunidad.
C1 noun /ˈɔːrθədɑːksi/

orthodoxy

ortodoxia
Meaning
traditional or generally accepted beliefs and practices
Example
The religious leader defended the orthodoxy of the faith.
El líder religioso defendió la ortodoxia de la fe.
C1 adjective /moʊˈmentəs/

Momentous

importante
Meaning
of great importance or significance; having far-reaching consequences
Example
The signing of the peace treaty was a momentous occasion for both countries.
La firma del tratado de paz fue una ocasión importante para ambos países.
C1 adjective, verb /ɪɡˈzɛmpt/

exempt

exento
Meaning
Free from an obligation or liability imposed on others.
Example
Students with high grades are exempt from the final exam.
Los estudiantes con altas calificaciones están exentos del examen final.
C1 noun /sɔːd fɪʃ/

Sword fish

pez espada
Meaning
A large marine fish with an elongated bill resembling a sword
Example
The swordfish can swim at speeds up to 60 mph.
El pez espada puede nadar a velocidades de hasta 60 mph.
C1 adjective /ˈpɜːrtɪnənt/

pertinent

pertinente
Meaning
Relevant or applicable to a particular matter.
Example
She asked a pertinent question during the meeting.
Ella hizo una pregunta pertinente durante la reunión.
C1 noun /ˈtem.pɪst/

Tempest

tormenta
Meaning
a violent storm with strong winds; a state of great disturbance or tumult
Example
The sailors struggled to navigate through the fierce tempest.
Los marineros lucharon por navegar a través de la feroz tormenta.
C1 verb /ˌriːˈmɒdəl/

remodel

remodelar
Meaning
To change the structure or form of something, especially a building.
Example
They decided to remodel their kitchen last summer.
Ellos decidieron remodelar su cocina el verano pasado.
C1 noun /ˈnʌr.ɪʃ.mənt/

nourishment

nutrición
Meaning
Food and nutrients necessary for the body's growth and development.
Example
Proper nourishment is essential for child development.
La nutrición adecuada es esencial para el desarrollo infantil.
C1 noun /bɒɡ/

bog

pantano
Meaning
an area of wet, spongy ground; a swamp or marsh
Example
The hikers got stuck in a bog.
Los excursionistas se quedaron atrapados en un pantano.
C1 adjective /ˈpɔːrəs/

porous

poroso
Meaning
Having tiny holes that allow liquid or air to pass through.
Example
The soil is very porous and drains quickly.
El suelo es muy poroso y drena rápidamente.
C1 noun /əˈpɒlədʒɪst/

apologist

defensor
Meaning
a person who defends or justifies something, often a controversial belief or institution
Example
He is known as an apologist for authoritarian regimes.
Él es conocido como un defensor de los regímenes autoritarios.
C1 adjective /ˈdjuːtɪfəl/

Dutiful

cumplidor; respetuoso; obediente
Meaning
conscientiously fulfilling one's duty; obedient; respectful
Example
She is a dutiful daughter who always helps her parents.
Ella es una hija cumplidora que siempre ayuda a sus padres.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈskeɪðd/

unscathed

ileso
Meaning
Without suffering any injury, damage, or harm.
Example
She escaped from the accident unscathed.
Ella escapó del accidente ilesa.
C1 noun /ˈaʊtriːtʃ/

outreach

expansión de la asistencia
Meaning
The act of providing services or support to people who might not otherwise have access to them.
Example
The charity launched a new outreach program for the homeless.
La caridad lanzó un nuevo programa de expansión de la asistencia para las personas sin hogar.
C1 noun /ˈmɔːr.ɡɪʤ/

Mortgage

hipoteca
Meaning
a legal agreement by which a bank lends money to buy property
Example
They took out a mortgage to buy their first house.
Tomaron una hipoteca para comprar su primera casa.
C1 adjective ɪɡˈzɛmpləri

exemplary

ejemplar
Meaning
Serving as a desirable model; representing the best of its kind.
Example
She was praised for her exemplary work ethic and dedication.
Fue elogiada por su ética de trabajo ejemplar y dedicación.
C1 verb /ˈsaɪdˌtræk/

sidetrack

desviar
Meaning
To distract from the main subject or activity.
Example
She was sidetracked by an unexpected phone call.
Ella se desvió por una llamada telefónica inesperada.
C1 noun ˈsɒv.rɪn.ti

sovereignty

soberanía
Meaning
The authority of a state to govern itself or another state; supreme power or authority.
Example
Sovereignty is essential for a nation's identity.
La soberanía es esencial para la identidad de una nación.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdjʊər.ə.bəl/

Endurable

soportable
Meaning
able to be endured; bearable; tolerable
Example
The pain was endurable with proper medication.
El dolor era soportable con la medicación adecuada.
C1 noun /ˈruːbrɪk/

rubric

rubrica / directriz
Meaning
A set of instructions, rules, or a heading in a document, often used for grading criteria.
Example
The teacher provided a grading rubric for the assignment.
El maestro proporcionó una rúbrica de calificación para la tarea.
C1 noun /ˈrɛvərəns/

reverence

reverencia
Meaning
deep respect for someone or something
Example
The students showed reverence to their teacher.
Los estudiantes mostraron reverencia hacia su maestro.
C1 adjective /ˈeɪmləs/

Aimless

sin rumbo; sin objetivo
Meaning
without purpose or direction; lacking a goal
Example
He wandered around the city in an aimless manner.
Él caminaba por la ciudad de manera sin rumbo.
C1 noun /ˈspɔɪlˌspɔːrt/

spoilsport

aguafiestas
Meaning
A person who ruins other people's enjoyment or fun.
Example
Don't be a spoilsport and let us enjoy the party.
No seas un aguafiestas y déjanos disfrutar de la fiesta.
C1 adjective /dɪsˈkwaɪətɪŋ/

disquieting

perturbador
Meaning
Causing worry, unease, or anxiety.
Example
The news report was deeply disquieting to the public.
El informe de noticias fue profundamente perturbador para el público.
C1 adjective /ˌhɪpəˈkrɪtɪkəl/

Hypocritical

hipócrita
Meaning
behaving in a way that contradicts one's stated beliefs or values
Example
It's hypocritical to preach honesty while lying yourself.
Es hipócrita predicar honestidad mientras mientes.
C1 noun /ˈprɛsɪpɪs/

precipice

precipicio
Meaning
A very steep cliff or a situation of great danger.
Example
The hikers stood at the edge of the precipice, gazing into the valley below.
Los excursionistas estaban de pie al borde del precipicio, mirando el valle abajo.
C1 noun ˈvæljuː beɪst ˌɛdjuːˈkeɪʃən

value-based education

educación basada en valores
Meaning
Education that emphasizes moral principles and ethical values.
Example
Value-based education shapes moral character.
La educación basada en valores moldea el carácter moral.
C1 noun /ˈkændɪdnəs/

candidness

franqueza
Meaning
The quality of being open, honest, and straightforward
Example
Her candidness during the meeting impressed everyone.
Su franqueza durante la reunión impresionó a todos.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈɡreɪnd/

ingrained

arraigado
Meaning
Firmly fixed or established; deeply rooted and difficult to change.
Example
His ingrained habits were hard to break.
Sus hábitos arraigados eran difíciles de romper.
C1 adjective /ˈprɪnsəpəld/

principled

principista
Meaning
acting in accordance with moral or ethical standards
Example
He is a principled leader who always puts honesty first.
Él es un líder principista que siempre pone la honestidad primero.
C1 adjective /ˈpɒs.tʃə.məs/

Posthumous

póstumo
Meaning
occurring or continuing after death; published after the author's death
Example
The author received a posthumous award for his last novel.
El autor recibió un premio póstumo por su última novela.
C1 noun /ˈtʃæplɪn/

chaplain

capellán
Meaning
A member of the clergy attached to a private chapel, institution, hospital, or military unit.
Example
The army chaplain offered prayers before the battle.
El capellán del ejército ofreció oraciones antes de la batalla.
C1 noun ˌtoʊ.kə.nɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

tokenization

El proceso de dividir el texto en unidades más pequeñas como palabras, frases o símbolos para su análisis.
Meaning
The process of breaking text into smaller units like words, phrases, or symbols for analysis.
Example
NLP uses tokenization to break text into smaller units.
NLP utiliza la tokenización para dividir el texto en unidades más pequeñas.
C1 noun, verb /ˈliːvər/ or /ˈlɛvər/

lever

palanca, barra rígida
Meaning
a rigid bar used to move or lift heavy objects; to move something using leverage.
Example
He used a lever to lift the heavy stone.
Él usó una palanca para levantar la piedra pesada.
C1 adjective /aɪˈdɪlɪk/

idyllic

idílico y hermoso
Meaning
Like an idyll; extremely happy, peaceful, or picturesque.
Example
They enjoyed an idyllic vacation by the sea.
Disfrutaron de unas vacaciones idílicas junto al mar.
C1 adjective /ˈfrɔːdjʊlənt/

fraudulent

fraudulento
Meaning
Involving or using deceit, especially criminal deception.
Example
He was arrested for making fraudulent insurance claims.
Él fue arrestado por hacer reclamaciones fraudulentas de seguros.
C1 adjective ɪˈræt.ɪk

erratic

errático
Meaning
Unpredictable and inconsistent; not even or regular in pattern or movement.
Example
His erratic behavior confused his colleagues.
Su comportamiento errático confundió a sus colegas.
C1 noun/adjective ˈflɛdʒ.lɪŋ

fledgling

principiante, inexperto, recién establecido
Meaning
New, inexperienced, newly established.
Example
The fledgling startup needs investment.
La empresa principiante necesita inversión.
C1 noun /ˈkoʊhɔːrts/

cohorts

cohortes
Meaning
Groups of people who share a common feature or experience.
Example
Researchers compared the health outcomes of different cohorts.
Los investigadores compararon los resultados de salud de diferentes cohortes.
C1 adjective ˈfæʃ.ɪst

fascist

fascista
Meaning
Relating to or characteristic of fascism; extremely authoritarian.
Example
Fascist governance undermines freedom.
El gobierno fascista socava la libertad.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈfɜːm/

infirm

débil
Meaning
Weak, especially due to old age or illness.
Example
The infirm old man needed assistance to walk.
El anciano débil necesitaba ayuda para caminar.
C1 adverb /ˈiːstwədz/

Eastwards

hacia el este
Meaning
towards the east; in an eastern direction
Example
The river flows eastwards into the ocean.
El río fluye hacia el este hacia el océano.
C1 verb /fɔːrˈtɛl/

foretell

predecir
Meaning
to predict or announce something before it happens
Example
The old man claimed he could foretell the future.
El anciano afirmó que podía predecir el futuro.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsteɪbəl/

instable

inestable
Meaning
not stable; liable to change, collapse, or fail; lacking firmness or reliability
Example
The instable political situation worried foreign investors.
La situación política inestable preocupó a los inversores extranjeros.
C1 noun /ˈbeɪsbɔːrd/

baseboard

zócalo
Meaning
A narrow board running along the bottom of an interior wall, covering the joint between wall and floor.
Example
The carpenter painted the baseboard white.
El carpintero pintó el zócalo de blanco.
C1 verb /ˈpeɪtrənaɪz/

patronize

patrocinar
Meaning
to treat someone in a condescending way; to be a regular customer of a business
Example
Don't patronize me with your fake sympathy.
No me trates con condescendencia con tu simpatía falsa.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːrˌfɑːðər/

forefather

antepasado
Meaning
an ancestor, especially one who was part of an earlier generation of a family or nation
Example
Our forefathers fought for independence.
Nuestros antepasados lucharon por la independencia.
C1 noun /əˈpærəl/

apparel

ropa
Meaning
Clothing, especially formal or special clothes.
Example
The store specializes in wedding apparel.
La tienda se especializa en ropa de boda.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsɪstənt/

insistent

insistente
Meaning
demanding something firmly and refusing to accept no
Example
The child was insistent on getting a new toy.
El niño era insistente en conseguir un nuevo juguete.
C1 verb /rɪˈsʌsɪteɪt/

resuscitate

resucitar
Meaning
to revive someone from unconsciousness or apparent death
Example
The doctors tried to resuscitate the patient after the heart attack.
Los doctores intentaron resucitar al paciente después del ataque al corazón.
C1 adjective /ˈɪnsjələr/

insular

limitado, relacionado con una isla
Meaning
Narrow-minded, isolated, or relating to an island.
Example
The community was criticized for its insular attitudes toward outsiders.
La comunidad fue criticada por sus actitudes insulares hacia los forasteros.
C1 adjective /ˈɡrændioʊs/

grandiose

grandioso
Meaning
Impressive or magnificent in appearance or style, often pretentiously so.
Example
He had grandiose plans of building a futuristic city in the desert.
Él tenía planes grandiosos de construir una ciudad futurista en el desierto.
C1 adjective /ˈplaɪənt/

pliant

flexible, fácilmente influenciable o adaptable
Meaning
flexible; easily influenced or adaptable
Example
She has a pliant personality that adapts well to new situations.
Ella tiene una personalidad flexible que se adapta bien a nuevas situaciones.
C1 noun /fiːnd/

fiend

demonio, persona malvada
Meaning
an evil spirit or demon; a wicked or cruel person; someone obsessed with a particular thing
Example
He is a real fiend when it comes to solving puzzles.
Él es un verdadero demonio cuando se trata de resolver rompecabezas.
C1 verb /kəˈleɪt/

collate

compilar
Meaning
to collect, arrange, and combine in order
Example
The secretary collated the reports before the meeting.
La secretaria recopiló los informes antes de la reunión.
C1 noun /ˈlɪmboʊ/

limbo

incertidumbre, estado de suspensión
Meaning
A state of uncertainty or neglect; an intermediate or transitional state.
Example
The project was left in limbo after the funding was withdrawn.
El proyecto fue dejado en incertidumbre después de que se retiró la financiación.
C1 noun /kənˈfɛdərəsi/

confederacy

confederación
Meaning
a group of states, people, or organizations united for a common purpose
Example
The southern states formed a confederacy during the civil war.
Los estados del sur formaron una confederación durante la guerra civil.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈprɒbəbl/

improbable

improbable
Meaning
Not likely to be true or to happen.
Example
It seems improbable that he will arrive on time.
Parece improbable que llegue a tiempo.
C1 noun/verb /dɪsˈkwaɪət/

disquiet

inquietud
Meaning
A feeling of worry or unease; to make someone feel anxious or uneasy.
Example
The strange silence filled the room with disquiet.
El extraño silencio llenó la habitación de inquietud.
C1 verb /ɪnˈtrɛntʃ/

entrench

afianzar
Meaning
To establish something so firmly that it is difficult to change.
Example
The company entrenched its position in the market through innovation.
La empresa afianzó su posición en el mercado a través de la innovación.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnˈɪntɪmeɪtɪŋ/

unintimating

sin indicios
Meaning
Not giving a hint or suggestion; not indicating.
Example
His unintimating tone gave no clue of his true feelings.
Su tono sin indicios no dio ninguna pista sobre sus verdaderos sentimientos.
C1 verb /ˈænɪmeɪt/

animate

animar
Meaning
to bring to life or make lively; to create animation for films or cartoons
Example
The artist will animate the characters for the movie.
El artista animará los personajes para la película.
C1 noun /ˈɪnkwest/

inquest

investigación
Meaning
A legal or official inquiry, especially into the cause of a death.
Example
The inquest revealed the cause of the accident.
La investigación reveló la causa del accidente.
C1 verb /rɪˈvoʊk/

revoke

revocar
Meaning
To officially cancel or withdraw a decision, privilege, or right.
Example
The government decided to revoke his passport.
El gobierno decidió revocar su pasaporte.
C1 noun /ˌdʒuː.bɪˈleɪ.ʃən/

jubilation

jubileo
Meaning
a feeling or expression of great happiness and triumph
Example
There was jubilation in the streets after the victory.
Hubo jubileo en las calles después de la victoria.
C1 noun /ʃruː/

shrew

mujer irritable / animal parecido a un ratón
Meaning
a small mouse-like animal; also a woman with a bad temper
Example
The play describes a strong-willed woman as a shrew.
La obra describe a una mujer de voluntad fuerte como una mujer irritable.
C1 noun /ˌɛks.həˈleɪ.ʃən/

exhalation

exhalación
Meaning
The action of breathing out.
Example
Slow exhalation calms the nervous system.
Una exhalación lenta calma el sistema nervioso.
C1 noun /dɪˌnɒmɪˈneɪʃən/

denomination

denominación, valor
Meaning
a recognized autonomous branch of the Christian Church; a unit of value or currency
Example
The church belongs to a Protestant denomination.
La iglesia pertenece a una denominación protestante.
C1 noun /ˈrɛt.ər.ɪk/

rhetoric

el arte de hablar o escribir de manera efectiva o persuasiva
Meaning
The art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing; skillful use of language to influence others.
Example
Political leaders often use rhetoric to influence people.
Los líderes políticos a menudo utilizan la retórica para influir en la gente.
C1 noun/verb /rɪˈpoʊz/

repose

reposo
Meaning
a state of rest, sleep, or tranquility; to rest or lie in a peaceful position
Example
After the long journey, she sought repose in the quiet garden.
Después del largo viaje, ella buscó reposo en el jardín tranquilo.
C1 noun /ˈstɔːrhaʊs/

storehouse

almacén
Meaning
A place where goods, supplies, or valuables are stored; a repository
Example
The warehouse acted as a storehouse for all the imported goods.
El almacén actuaba como un storehouse para todos los productos importados.
C1 noun ˈpraʊ.es

prowess

destreza
Meaning
Skill or expertise in a particular activity or field.
Example
Prowess in sports enhances team strength.
La destreza en los deportes mejora la fuerza del equipo.
C1 adjective /ˈtɛnəbl/

tenable

defendible
Meaning
able to be defended or maintained against attack or objection
Example
His argument was strong and tenable in court.
Su argumento fue fuerte y defendible en la corte.
C1 adverb /suːˈpɜːb.li/

Superbly

de manera excelente
Meaning
in an excellent or outstanding manner
Example
She performed superbly in the dance competition.
Ella actuó de manera excelente en la competencia de danza.
C1 verb /θrɒb/

throb

latir
Meaning
to beat or pulse strongly, often with pain
Example
His head began to throb after the long day.
Su cabeza comenzó a latir después de todo el día.
C1 noun /haɪˈpɒtənjuːs/

hypotenuse

hipotenusa
Meaning
the longest side of a right-angled triangle, opposite the right angle.
Example
In a right triangle, the hypotenuse is always longer than the other two sides.
En un triángulo rectángulo, la hipotenusa siempre es más larga que los otros dos lados.
C1 adjective /ˈraʊ.di/

Rowdy

ruidoso; desordenado; alborotador
Meaning
disorderly; unruly; noisy and disruptive
Example
The rowdy children were making too much noise.
Los niños ruidosos estaban haciendo demasiado ruido.
C1 adverb /ɪnˈvɜːrs.li/

Inversely

inversamente; en sentido opuesto
Meaning
in a way that is opposite or contrary; in reverse order or manner
Example
The price of goods is inversely related to their availability in the market.
El precio de los productos está inversamente relacionado con su disponibilidad en el mercado.
C1 adjective /ˈevər ˈlæstɪŋ/

Ever-lasting

eterno; permanente;
Meaning
eternal; permanent; enduring forever
Example
Their love is ever-lasting and will never fade.
Su amor es eterno y nunca se desvanecerá.
C1 noun /ˈroʊz ˈwɔː.tər/

Rose-water

agua de rosa
Meaning
a flavored water made by steeping rose petals in water, used in cooking and cosmetics
Example
She added a few drops of rose-water to the dessert.
Ella añadió unas gotas de agua de rosa al postre.
C1 noun /mɜːrθ/

mirth

alegría
Meaning
Great joy, amusement, or laughter.
Example
The festival was full of mirth and laughter.
El festival estaba lleno de alegría y risas.
C1 noun /ˈædʒʌŋkt/

adjunct

auxiliar
Meaning
a thing added to something else as a supplementary part
Example
The professor worked as an adjunct at the university.
El profesor trabajaba como auxiliar en la universidad.
C1 adjective /kɜːrt/

curt

ríspido
Meaning
Rudely brief in speech or manner.
Example
His curt reply made everyone uncomfortable.
Su respuesta ríspida hizo que todos se sintieran incómodos.
C1 adjective /ˈdrɪəri/

dreary

triste / sombrío
Meaning
dull, bleak, and lifeless; depressing
Example
The long, dreary winter made everyone feel gloomy.
El largo y sombrío invierno hizo que todos se sintieran tristes.
C1 noun ˌsteɪbəlaɪˈzeɪʃən

stabilization

estabilización
Meaning
The process of making or becoming stable.
Example
The stabilization of the structure was essential after the earthquake.
La estabilización de la estructura fue esencial después del terremoto.
C1 noun /ˈvɪɡər/

vigor

vigor
Meaning
Physical strength, energy, or enthusiasm.
Example
She tackled the project with great vigor and determination.
Ella abordó el proyecto con gran vigor y determinación.
C1 noun /lɔnˈdʒɛvəti/

longevity

longevidad
Meaning
Long life or long existence of something.
Example
Good habits contribute to health and longevity.
Los buenos hábitos contribuyen a la salud y longevidad.
C1 adjective /frəˈtɜːrnəl/

fraternal

fraternal
Meaning
Relating to brothers or brotherhood; friendly and supportive.
Example
The two nations maintain a fraternal relationship.
Las dos naciones mantienen una relación fraternal.
C1 noun kəmˈpleɪ.sən.si

complacency

autocomplacencia
Meaning
Excessive self-satisfaction with one's achievements that can hinder progress.
Example
His complacency led to a decline in his performance.
Su autocomplacencia llevó a una disminución en su rendimiento.
C1 noun /ˈdaɪnəˌmoʊ/

dynamo

máquina que genera electricidad; persona con gran energía y entusiasmo
Meaning
A machine that generates electricity; a person with great energy and enthusiasm.
Example
She is the real dynamo behind the success of the company.
Ella es la verdadera dinamoma detrás del éxito de la empresa.
C1 noun /kənˈtentmənt/

contentment

satisfacción
Meaning
a state of happiness and satisfaction with what one has
Example
She felt a deep sense of contentment after helping others.
Sintió una profunda satisfacción después de ayudar a otros.
C1 noun /tʃɪt/

Chit

nota, billete, recibo
Meaning
a short note, typically a brief informal letter; a voucher for a sum owed
Example
She left a chit on the table asking him to call her back.
Ella dejó un chit en la mesa pidiéndole que la llamara de vuelta.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈtɛnəbl/

untenable

insostenible
Meaning
not able to be maintained or defended against attack or objection
Example
The politician resigned when his position became untenable.
El político renunció cuando su posición se volvió insostenible.
C1 noun /ˈkliː.vər/

Cleaver

cuchillo grande
Meaning
a heavy knife with a broad blade used for chopping meat or vegetables
Example
The chef used a cleaver to chop the chicken bones.
El chef usó un cuchillo grande para cortar los huesos del pollo.
C1 verb əˈnaɪ.ə.leɪt

annihilate

aniquilar
Meaning
Destroy utterly; obliterate; reduce to nothing.
Example
The explosion annihilated the entire village.
La explosión aniquiló toda la aldea.
C1 noun /kræɡ/

crag

un acantilado o roca empinada
Meaning
a steep or rugged cliff or rock face
Example
The hikers climbed the jagged crag to reach the summit.
Los excursionistas subieron el acantilado escarpado para llegar a la cima.
C1 adjective /ˈɡæst.li/

ghastly

espantoso
Meaning
Causing great horror or fear; very unpleasant.
Example
The crime scene was a ghastly sight.
La escena del crimen fue espantosa.
C1 noun /moʊt/

moat

foso
Meaning
A deep, wide ditch surrounding a castle or town, often filled with water, for defense.
Example
The castle was protected by a wide moat filled with water.
El castillo estaba protegido por un amplio foso lleno de agua.
C1 noun /ˈkælɪbər/

caliber

calibre
Meaning
The quality of someone's ability or character; the internal diameter of a gun barrel.
Example
The university attracts students of high caliber.
La universidad atrae a estudiantes de alto calibre.
C1 verb /ˈklæmbər/

clamber

escalar con dificultad
Meaning
to climb with effort or difficulty, often using both hands and feet
Example
The children clambered over the rocks to reach the cave.
Los niños escalaron las rocas para llegar a la cueva.
C1 adverb /ˌkɒnfɪˈdenʃəli/

Confidentially

de manera confidencial
Meaning
in a confidential manner; secretly; privately
Example
The information was shared confidentially between the two managers.
La información fue compartida confidencialmente entre los dos gerentes.
C1 adjective /rɪˈɡrɛtfəl/

regretful

arrepentido
Meaning
feeling or showing sadness or disappointment about something that has happened or been done
Example
She gave him a regretful smile as she turned away.
Ella le dio una sonrisa arrepentida mientras se alejaba.
C1 noun /tɒŋ/

tong

tenaza
Meaning
a tool with two movable arms used to pick up and hold objects
Example
He used the tong to pick up the hot coal.
Él usó la tenaza para levantar el carbón caliente.
C1 adjective /ˈbaʊn.tɪ.fəl/

bountiful

abundante / generoso
Meaning
Large in quantity; abundant; generous in giving.
Example
The farmer was grateful for the bountiful harvest.
El agricultor estaba agradecido por la abundante cosecha.
C1 adjective /ˈɜːrθi/

earthy

terroso / simple
Meaning
resembling or suggestive of earth or soil; simple, natural, and sometimes coarse
Example
The dish had a rich, earthy flavor from the mushrooms.
El plato tenía un sabor rico y terroso proveniente de los champiñones.