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C1 adjective /kənˈkluː.sɪv/

Conclusive

abschließend; entscheidend; eine Angelegenheit endgültig klärend
Meaning
final; decisive; settling a matter completely
Example
The evidence was conclusive and left no room for doubt.
Die Beweise waren eindeutig und ließen keinen Raum für Zweifel.
C1 verb /snɪər/

sneer

spöttisch lächeln
Meaning
to smile or speak in a mocking or contemptuous way
Example
She sneered at his attempt to sing.
Sie höhnte über seinen Versuch zu singen.
C1 noun ˌdiː.sen.trə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

decentralization

Dezentralisierung
Meaning
The transfer of authority from central to local government.
Example
Decentralization promotes regional autonomy.
Dezentralisierung fördert die regionale Autonomie.
C1 adjective /aɪˈreɪt/

irate

zornig
Meaning
Extremely angry.
Example
The customer became irate after waiting for hours.
Der Kunde wurde zornig, nachdem er stundenlang gewartet hatte.
C1 noun /daɪˈvɜː.dʒəns/

divergence

Divergenz
Meaning
The process or state of diverging; a difference or deviation between two or more things.
Example
The divergence in their opinions led to a heated debate.
Die Divergenz in ihren Meinungen führte zu einer hitzigen Debatte.
C1 adjective /ˈhɔːltɪŋ/

halting

zögerlich
Meaning
slow and hesitant, especially due to lack of confidence
Example
She gave a halting reply during the interview.
Sie gab eine zögerliche Antwort während des Interviews.
C1 adjective /ˈpɪər.ləs/

Peerless

unvergleichlich; ohne Gleichen; ohne Rivalen
Meaning
unequaled; having no match or equal; without rival
Example
Her peerless beauty captivated everyone.
Ihre unübertroffene Schönheit verzauberte alle.
C1 noun /ˈfjuː.də.lɪ.zəm/

feudalism

Feudalismus
Meaning
the social system in medieval Europe in which people worked and fought for nobles who gave them protection and land in return
Example
Feudalism shaped the political structure of medieval Europe.
Feudalismus prägte die politische Struktur des mittelalterlichen Europas.
C1 noun məˈnɒp.əl.i

monopoly

Monopol
Meaning
The exclusive possession or control of the supply of or trade in a commodity or service.
Example
The company has a monopoly on electric car production.
Das Unternehmen hat ein Monopol auf die Produktion von Elektroautos.
C1 noun /ˈfoʊk.lɔːr/

folk-lore

Volksmärchen
Meaning
The traditional beliefs, customs, stories, songs, and practices of a community, passed down through generations.
Example
Bangladeshi folk-lore is rich with myths and legends.
Deutsche Volksmärchen sind reich an Mythen und Legenden.
C1 verb /ˈɡloʊbəlaɪz/

globalize

globalisieren
Meaning
to make something worldwide in scope or application; to integrate into a global system
Example
Many companies globalize their operations to reach international markets.
Viele Unternehmen globalisieren ihre Aktivitäten, um internationale Märkte zu erreichen.
C1 noun /ˌɪrɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/

irresponsibility

Verantwortungslosigkeit
Meaning
lack of responsibility or accountability; failure to act in a reliable or sensible way
Example
The accident was caused by his irresponsibility at work.
Der Unfall wurde durch seine Verantwortungslosigkeit bei der Arbeit verursacht.
C1 adjective /ˈlæv.ɪʃ/

Lavish

luxuriös; extravaganz; großzügig
Meaning
expensive; elaborate; extravagant; generous
Example
The wedding was a lavish celebration with hundreds of guests.
Die Hochzeit war eine luxuriöse Feier mit Hunderten von Gästen.
C1 noun /ˈɒf.sprɪŋ/

offspring

Nachwuchs
Meaning
a person's child or children; an animal's young
Example
The bird carefully fed its offspring.
Der Vogel fütterte vorsichtig seinen Nachwuchs.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɛl/

impel

bewegen
Meaning
to drive, force, or urge someone to do something
Example
Her curiosity impelled her to open the mysterious box.
Ihre Neugier trieb sie dazu, die mysteriöse Kiste zu öffnen.
C1 noun /ˈziːnɪθ/

zenith

Zenit
Meaning
The time at which something is most powerful or successful; the highest point.
Example
Her career reached its zenith in the late 1990s.
Ihre Karriere erreichte ihren Zenit Ende der 1990er Jahre.
C1 verb /ˈpɜːmieɪt/

permeate

durchdringen, verbreiten, eindringen
Meaning
Spread throughout (something); pervade.
Example
The scent of fresh flowers permeated the entire room.
Der Duft der frischen Blumen durchdrang den gesamten Raum.
C1 noun ˈaʊt.sɔːr.sɪŋ

outsourcing

Auslagerung
Meaning
The practice of having certain job functions done outside a company instead of having an in-house department or employee handle them.
Example
Many companies use outsourcing to reduce labor costs.
Viele Unternehmen nutzen Outsourcing, um die Arbeitskosten zu senken.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈtɛnəbl/

untenable

unhaltbar
Meaning
not able to be maintained or defended against attack or objection
Example
The politician resigned when his position became untenable.
Der Politiker trat zurück, als seine Position unhaltbar wurde.
C1 verb /dɪˈfaɪl/

defile

entweihen
Meaning
to pollute, corrupt, or make dirty
Example
The river was defiled by industrial waste.
Der Fluss wurde durch Industrieabfälle entweiht.
C1 noun ˌvɛn.əˈreɪ.ʃən

veneration

Verehrung
Meaning
Great respect; reverence; the action of regarding with great respect or reverence.
Example
Many cultures show veneration for their ancestors.
Viele Kulturen zeigen Verehrung für ihre Vorfahren.
C1 adjective /ˌeɪsɪˈmɛtrɪkəl/

asymmetrical

asymmetrisch
Meaning
Having parts that are not the same in size, shape, or arrangement.
Example
She wore an asymmetrical dress that drew everyone’s attention.
Sie trug ein asymmetrisches Kleid, das die Aufmerksamkeit aller auf sich zog.
C1 noun /ˈbeɪlɪf/

bailiff

Gerichtsvollzieher
Meaning
An official who keeps order in a court, carries out court orders, or collects debts.
Example
The bailiff asked everyone to rise as the judge entered the courtroom.
Der Gerichtsvollzieher bat alle, sich zu erheben, als der Richter den Gerichtssaal betrat.
C1 noun ˌvɜː.səˈtɪl.ɪ.ti

versatility

Vielseitigkeit
Meaning
Ability to adapt or be adapted to many different functions or activities; having many different skills.
Example
His versatility made him successful in multiple fields.
Seine Vielseitigkeit machte ihn in verschiedenen Bereichen erfolgreich.
C1 noun /ˈkæləs/

callus

verdickte Hautpartie
Meaning
A thickened and hardened part of the skin or soft tissue, especially in an area subjected to friction.
Example
A callus formed on his palm from using tools every day.
Ein Callus bildete sich an seiner Handfläche, weil er jeden Tag Werkzeuge benutzte.
C1 noun /ˈkɒz.moʊs/

Cosmos

kosmos blume
Meaning
a colorful annual flower with daisy-like blooms and feathery foliage
Example
The cosmos flowers swayed gently in the summer breeze across the meadow.
Die Cosmos-Blumen schwangen sanft im Sommerwind über die Wiese.
C1 noun /ˈhɔːl.mɑːrk/

hallmark

Markenzeichen
Meaning
a typical characteristic or feature of someone or something
Example
Honesty is the hallmark of a good leader.
Ehrlichkeit ist das Markenzeichen eines guten Führers.
C1 adjective /ˈædəmənt/

Adamant

hartnäckig; unbeugsam; entschlossen; unnachgiebig
Meaning
একগুঁয়ে; জেদী; দৃঢ়সংকল্প; অনমনীয়;
Example
She was adamant about her decision to leave the company.
Sie war hartnäckig bei ihrer Entscheidung, das Unternehmen zu verlassen.
C1 noun/verb mælˈfʌŋk.ʃən

malfunction

Störung
Meaning
A failure to function normally or satisfactorily; a defect or breakdown.
Example
The engine malfunctioned due to overheating.
Der Motor versagte wegen Überhitzung.
C1 noun /ˈkɒndjuɪt/ or /ˈkɑːnduɪt/

conduit

rohr / medium
Meaning
a channel or pipe for conveying water, electricity, or information
Example
The cable was placed inside a protective conduit.
Das Kabel wurde in ein schützendes Rohr gelegt.
C1 noun /meər/

Mare

stute
Meaning
an adult female horse
Example
The beautiful mare galloped across the meadow.
Die schöne Stute galoppierte über die Wiese.
C1 noun /ˈmuːdi.nəs/

moodiness

Stimmungsschwankungen
Meaning
The state of being frequently subject to changes in mood, especially irritability or sadness.
Example
Her moodiness made it difficult to predict how she would react.
Ihre Stimmungsschwankungen machten es schwer vorherzusagen, wie sie reagieren würde.
C1 verb əˈblɪt.ə.reɪt

obliterate

vernichten
Meaning
To destroy utterly; wipe out completely, to erase or remove something completely.
Example
The storm obliterated entire villages.
Der Sturm vernichtete ganze Dörfer.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnbɪˈkʌmɪŋ/

unbecoming

unangemessen
Meaning
Not proper or appropriate for a person; unsuitable.
Example
His rude behavior was unbecoming of a leader.
Sein unhöfliches Verhalten war für einen Führer unangemessen.
C1 noun /ˈblɪs.tər/

Blister

Blase
Meaning
a small bubble on the skin filled with serum and caused by friction, burning, or other damage
Example
The new shoes gave her a painful blister on her heel.
Die neuen Schuhe verursachten eine schmerzhafte Blase an ihrer Ferse.
C1 adjective əʊˈpeɪk

opaque

undurchsichtig, undurchdringlich, schwer zu verstehen
Meaning
Not able to be seen through; not transparent; difficult to understand.
Example
The glass was too opaque to see through.
Das Glas war zu undurchsichtig, um hindurch zu sehen.
C1 adjective /ˈspaɪni/

spiny

stachelig
Meaning
covered with or full of spines; having sharp points
Example
The spiny cactus stood tall in the desert.
Der stachelige Kaktus stand hoch in der Wüste.
C1 noun /ɒpˈtɒmɪtrɪst/

optometrist

Optometrist
Meaning
A healthcare professional who examines eyes and prescribes corrective lenses.
Example
The optometrist prescribed new glasses for her.
Der Optometrist verschrieb ihr neue Brillen.
C1 noun /əˈstuːt.nəs/

astuteness

Schläue
Meaning
The ability to accurately assess situations or people and turn this to one's advantage.
Example
His astuteness helped in negotiations.
Seine Schläue half bei den Verhandlungen.
C1 adjective /hɔːrs/

Hoarse

raue oder heisere Stimme; die Stimme wird heiser durch Schreien oder Krankheit
Meaning
rough or harsh in sound; having a rough voice from shouting or illness
Example
His voice became hoarse after shouting at the concert.
Seine Stimme wurde heiser, nachdem er beim Konzert geschrien hatte.
C1 verb /ˈskaʊər/

scour

abreiben / gründlich suchen
Meaning
to clean or brighten the surface of something by scrubbing; to search thoroughly
Example
She scoured the kitchen until it shone.
Sie schrubbte die Küche, bis sie glänzte.
C1 adjective /ˈrek.wɪ.zɪt/

Requisite

erforderlich; notwendig
Meaning
made necessary by particular circumstances; required
Example
Good communication skills are requisite for this job.
Gute Kommunikationsfähigkeiten sind für diesen Job erforderlich.
C1 adjective, verb /ɪɡˈzɛmpt/

exempt

befreit
Meaning
Free from an obligation or liability imposed on others.
Example
Students with high grades are exempt from the final exam.
Studenten mit guten Noten sind von der Abschlussprüfung befreit.
C1 verb /ˈswɛltər/

swelter

unter intensiver Hitze leiden
Meaning
to suffer from intense heat
Example
We began to swelter in the midday sun.
Wir begannen, in der Mittagshitze zu schwitzen.
C1 adjective /ˈsiːzənəbəl/

Seasonable

saisonbedingt
Meaning
occurring at the right time; appropriate for the season; timely
Example
The seasonable rain helped the farmers with their crops.
Der saisonbedingte Regen half den Bauern bei ihren Ernten.
C1 noun /ˌkɒn.təmˈpleɪ.ʃən/

contemplation

tiefe Nachdenklichkeit
Meaning
The action of looking thoughtfully at something for a long time; deep reflective thought.
Example
She sat in contemplation before making her decision.
Sie saß in tiefer Nachdenklichkeit, bevor sie ihre Entscheidung traf.
C1 verb /ˈkrɒs.briːd/

crossbreed

kreuzen
Meaning
to produce an animal or plant by mating two different breeds, varieties, or species
Example
Farmers crossbreed cows to improve milk production.
Bauern kreuzen Kühe, um die Milchproduktion zu verbessern.
C1 verb /bɔːl/

bawl

laut schreien
Meaning
to shout or cry loudly
Example
The baby bawled all night, keeping everyone awake.
Das Baby schrie die ganze Nacht und hielt alle wach.
C1 noun /sɪˈnɒpsɪs/

synopsis

Zusammenfassung
Meaning
a brief summary of the main points of a text, film, or research
Example
The publisher asked the author to submit a one-page synopsis of the novel.
Der Verlag bat den Autor, eine einseitige Zusammenfassung des Romans einzureichen.
C1 noun /ˈkɒnfɪdænt/

confidant

Vertrauter
Meaning
A person with whom one shares a secret or private matter, trusting them not to repeat it.
Example
She found a true confidant in her childhood friend.
Sie fand einen echten Vertrauten in ihrem Kindheitsfreund.
C1 verb /ˌmɪsˈpleɪs/

misplace

an den falschen Ort stellen
Meaning
To put something in the wrong location and temporarily lose it.
Example
I often misplace my keys when I am in a hurry.
Ich verliere oft meine Schlüssel, wenn ich in Eile bin.
C1 adjective /ˈɡruːəlɪŋ/

grueling

erschöpfend
Meaning
Extremely tiring and demanding.
Example
The athletes faced a grueling training session.
Die Athleten hatten eine erschöpfende Trainingseinheit.
C1 noun /ˈhɑː.mə.nɪm/

homonym

Homonym
Meaning
A word that is spelled and pronounced like another word but has a different meaning.
Example
The word 'bat' is a homonym because it can mean an animal or a sports tool.
Das Wort 'Flughafen' ist ein Homonym, weil es sowohl einen Ort als auch eine Sportausrüstung bedeuten kann.
C1 noun /ɪˈpɪt.ə.mi/

epitome

Ein perfektes Beispiel für eine bestimmte Qualität oder Art; die beste Darstellung von etwas
Meaning
A perfect example of a particular quality or type; the best representation of something.
Example
She is the epitome of grace and kindness.
Sie ist der Inbegriff von Anmut und Freundlichkeit.
C1 verb ɪˈluː.sɪ.deɪt

elucidate

erklären, erläutern
Meaning
make (something) clear; explain.
Example
The professor elucidated the theory with simple examples.
Der Professor erläuterte die Theorie mit einfachen Beispielen.
C1 verb /əkˈsɛntʃueɪt/

accentuate

akzentuieren
Meaning
to emphasize or make something more noticeable
Example
The lighting accentuated the beauty of the painting.
Das Licht hat die Schönheit des Gemäldes akzentuiert.
C1 noun /ˌkɔːriˈɒɡrəfi/

choreography

Choreografie
Meaning
The art of designing and arranging dances and movements.
Example
The choreography of the ballet was breathtaking.
Die Choreografie des Balletts war atemberaubend.
C1 adjective /ˌæntiˈneɪtl/

antenatal

pränatal
Meaning
Relating to the medical care and treatment given to a pregnant woman before the birth of her child.
Example
She attended regular antenatal checkups throughout her pregnancy.
Sie nahm regelmäßig pränatale Untersuchungen während ihrer Schwangerschaft wahr.
C1 noun /ˈbʊl.ək/

Bullock

ochse
Meaning
a young bull; a castrated bull used for farm work
Example
The farmer used a bullock to plow the field.
Der Bauer benutzte ein Ochse, um das Feld zu pflügen.
C1 adjective /ˈmaʊntɪnəs/

Mountainous

gebirgig
Meaning
having many mountains; characterized by mountains
Example
The mountainous region was difficult to travel through.
Die gebirgige Region war schwer zu bereisen.
C1 adjective /ˈskræpi/

scrappy

kämpferisch / chaotisch
Meaning
Determined and willing to fight or argue; also messy or disorganized.
Example
Despite being small, he was a scrappy fighter.
Trotz seiner kleinen Größe war er ein kämpferischer Kämpfer.
C1 noun /ˌɪntərˈmɪʃən/

intermission

Pause
Meaning
A pause or break, especially during a performance or event.
Example
The play had a twenty-minute intermission.
Das Stück hatte eine zwanzigminütige Pause.
C1 adverb ɪkˌsperɪˈmentəli

experimentally

experimentell
Meaning
In a way that is based on or derived from experiment and observation rather than theory.
Example
Bose demonstrated findings experimentally.
Bose zeigte die Ergebnisse experimentell.
C1 noun əˈrɪd.ɪ.ti

aridity

Aridität
Meaning
The state of being extremely dry, especially having insufficient rainfall to support vegetation.
Example
The aridity of the land is increasing due to climate change.
Die Aridität des Landes nimmt aufgrund des Klimawandels zu.
C1 adjective /ˈwer.i/

Wary

vorsichtig; misstrauisch
Meaning
cautious; careful to avoid danger or problems
Example
She was wary of strangers approaching her at night.
Sie war vorsichtig bei Fremden, die sich ihr in der Nacht näherten.
C1 noun /klaʊt/

clout

Einfluss
Meaning
influence or power, especially in politics or business
Example
The businessman has a lot of political clout.
Der Geschäftsmann hat viel politischen Einfluss.
C1 verb məˈtæb.ə.laɪz

metabolize

Nahrung verarbeiten und für Wachstum nutzen
Meaning
Process and use food for growth and to replace tissue, or process other substances in the body.
Example
The liver helps to metabolize toxins.
Die Leber hilft, Toxine zu metabolisieren.
C1 noun /ˈeɪθiɪzəm/

atheism

Atheismus
Meaning
The belief that there is no God or gods.
Example
He declared his atheism openly despite social pressure.
Er erklärte seinen Atheismus offen trotz sozialen Drucks.
C1 verb /aʊtˈwɪt/

outwit

überlisten
Meaning
to defeat or gain an advantage over someone by being more clever or cunning
Example
The fox managed to outwit the hunters.
Der Fuchs konnte die Jäger überlisten.
C1 adjective /ˌʌndərˈsaɪzd/

undersized

unterdurchschnittlich
Meaning
Smaller than the usual or expected size.
Example
The undersized puppy struggled to keep up with its siblings.
Der unterdurchschnittlich große Welpe hatte Schwierigkeiten, mit seinen Geschwistern mitzuhalten.
C1 noun /vɪnˈjɛt/

vignette

Vignette
Meaning
A short, descriptive piece of writing or a brief scene.
Example
The author included a poignant vignette in the introduction of the book.
Der Autor fügte eine bewegende Vignette in die Einleitung des Buches ein.
C1 noun /ˈɑːrməri/

armory

Waffenlager
Meaning
A place where weapons are stored; a supply of resources or skills.
Example
The soldiers kept their weapons in the armory.
Die Soldaten bewahrten ihre Waffen im Waffenlager auf.
C1 adjective /aɪˈdɪlɪk/

idyllic

idyllisch und schön
Meaning
Like an idyll; extremely happy, peaceful, or picturesque.
Example
They enjoyed an idyllic vacation by the sea.
Sie genossen einen idyllischen Urlaub am Meer.
C1 noun /ˈɒntʊrɑːʒ/

entourage

Gefolge
Meaning
A group of people attending or surrounding an important person.
Example
The celebrity arrived with her entourage of assistants and bodyguards.
Der Prominente kam mit seinem Gefolge von Assistenten und Leibwächtern an.
C1 noun /ˈtɜː.mɔɪl/

turmoil

Unruhe
Meaning
A state of great disturbance, confusion, or uncertainty.
Example
The political turmoil led to mass protests.
Die politische Unruhe führte zu massiven Protesten.
C1 verb /ˌpoʊstˈdeɪt/

postdate

nachträglich datieren
Meaning
To assign a date later than the actual date to a document or event.
Example
She postdated the check to next month.
Sie setzte das Datum des Schecks auf den nächsten Monat.
C1 noun /ˈmɔː.tər ænd ˈpes.əl/

Mortar and Pestle

Mörser und Stößel
Meaning
a bowl and grinding tool used to crush and grind spices, herbs, and other substances
Example
She ground the spices using a mortar and pestle.
Sie mahlte die Gewürze mit einem Mörser und Stößel.
C1 adjective /ˌeɪ.bəlˈbɒd.id/

able-bodied

körperlich fähig
Meaning
physically strong and healthy, not disabled
Example
The company is looking for able-bodied workers for the construction site.
Das Unternehmen sucht körperlich fähige Arbeiter für die Baustelle.
C1 verb /sɪndʒ/

singe

leicht verbrennen
Meaning
To burn something superficially or lightly, especially at the edges.
Example
The fire singed his eyebrows.
Das Feuer verbrannte seine Augenbrauen.
C1 verb /ˌɪn.tɚˈtwaɪn/

intertwine

eng miteinander verbinden oder verbinden; zusammen drehen oder kombinieren
Meaning
To connect or link closely; to twist together or combine closely.
Example
Their lives became intertwined through years of friendship.
Ihre Leben wurden durch jahrelange Freundschaft miteinander verflochten.
C1 noun /ˈʌndərˌwɜːrld/

underworld

Unterwelt
Meaning
The criminal world of organized crime or the mythical world of the dead.
Example
The detective spent years studying the secrets of the underworld.
Der Detektiv verbrachte Jahre damit, die Geheimnisse der Unterwelt zu studieren.
C1 noun /ˈʌp.rɔːr/

Uproar

aufruhr; lärm; unruhe
Meaning
a loud and emotional noise or disturbance; public outcry
Example
The announcement caused an uproar among the students.
Die Ankündigung verursachte einen Aufruhr unter den Studenten.
C1 noun /noʊz rɪŋ/

Nose ring

Nasenring
Meaning
a piece of jewelry worn through a piercing in the nose
Example
She got a small gold nose ring for her birthday.
Sie bekam einen kleinen goldenen Nasenring zum Geburtstag.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpoʊzɪŋ/

imposing

imposant
Meaning
having an appearance that is grand, impressive, or commanding
Example
The castle is an imposing structure overlooking the valley.
Das Schloss ist eine imposante Struktur, die das Tal überblickt.
C1 verb, noun /sæp/

sap

Saft / schwächen
Meaning
As a noun: the vital fluid in plants; As a verb: to gradually weaken or drain strength.
Example
The long journey began to sap his energy.
Die lange Reise begann, seine Energie zu schwächen.
C1 adjective /ˈplʌk.i/

plucky

mutig
Meaning
having or showing courage and determination
Example
The plucky child rescued the kitten from the tree.
Das mutige Kind rettete das Kätzchen vom Baum.
C1 verb /ˈstaɪmi/

stymie

behindern
Meaning
to prevent or hinder the progress of something
Example
The new regulations could stymie small businesses.
Die neuen Regelungen könnten kleine Unternehmen behindern.
C1 noun /ˈpɛsəl/

pestle

Stößel
Meaning
A heavy tool with a rounded end used for crushing or grinding substances in a mortar.
Example
She used a pestle to grind the spices.
Sie benutzte einen Stößel, um die Gewürze zu mahlen.
C1 noun /ˌdɪfəˈrɛnʃɪˈeɪʃən/

differentiation

Differenzierung, Unterscheidung
Meaning
The action or process of differentiating or distinguishing between things.
Example
Differentiation from competitors can create a unique market position.
Die Differenzierung von Wettbewerbern kann eine einzigartige Marktposition schaffen.
C1 noun ˌsætʃəˈreɪʃən

saturation

Sättigung
Meaning
The state of being saturated; the degree or extent to which something is dissolved or absorbed
Example
The saturation of the market with similar products reduced sales.
Die Sättigung des Marktes mit ähnlichen Produkten reduzierte den Verkauf.
C1 noun /bɪz/

Biz

Geschäft
Meaning
business (informal); commercial enterprise or activity
Example
He's been in the restaurant biz for twenty years.
Er ist seit zwanzig Jahren im Restaurantgeschäft.
C1 adjective /ˌbaɪˈlæt.ər.əl/

bilateral

bilateral
Meaning
An agreement or relationship between two parties that is mutual, two-sided, or reciprocal.
Example
The two countries signed a bilateral trade agreement.
Die beiden Länder unterzeichneten ein bilaterales Handelsabkommen.
C1 noun /ˈmʌf.lər/

Muffler

Schal
Meaning
a long strip of cloth worn around the neck for warmth
Example
She wrapped a warm muffler around her neck before going outside.
Sie wickelte sich einen warmen Schal um ihren Hals, bevor sie nach draußen ging.
C1 noun məˌtɪərɪəˈlɪstɪk ˈlaɪfstaɪl

materialistic lifestyle

materialistische Lebensweise
Meaning
A way of living focused on acquiring material possessions and wealth.
Example
A materialistic lifestyle often leads to moral decline.
Ein materialistischer Lebensstil führt oft zu moralischem Verfall.
C1 noun /ˈdæɡ.ər/

Dagger

Dolch
Meaning
a short knife with a pointed blade used as a weapon
Example
The ancient warrior carried a silver dagger.
Der antike Krieger trug einen silbernen Dolch.
C1 adjective /ˈnɪp.i/

Nippy

kalt; frisch; schnell und agil in Bewegung
Meaning
cold; chilly; quick and agile in movement
Example
It's quite nippy outside today, you should wear a jacket.
Es ist heute ziemlich kalt draußen, du solltest eine Jacke tragen.
C1 adjective /ˈθɪŋ.kə.bəl/

thinkable

denkbar
Meaning
Capable of being imagined or conceived; possible to consider or believe
Example
It is hard to believe that such an outcome is even thinkable.
Es ist schwer zu glauben, dass ein solches Ergebnis überhaupt denkbar ist.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːrdʒər/

forger

Fälscher
Meaning
a person who makes fake documents, artworks, or signatures
Example
The police arrested a forger who had been selling counterfeit paintings.
Die Polizei hat einen Fälscher verhaftet, der gefälschte Gemälde verkauft hatte.
C1 verb /mɪns/

mince

fein hacken
Meaning
to cut into very small pieces; to walk with short quick steps
Example
She minced the garlic for the recipe.
Sie hackte den Knoblauch für das Rezept.
C1 verb /ˈkriːmeɪt/

cremate

einäschern
Meaning
to burn a dead body to ashes as a funeral rite
Example
According to his wishes, they cremated his body after the funeral.
Gemäß seinem Wunsch kremierten sie seinen Körper nach der Beerdigung.
C1 noun /ˌprɒpəˈɡeɪʃən/

propagation

Verbreitung, Propagierung
Meaning
The action of spreading and promoting an idea, theory, etc.
Example
The propagation of ideas through social media is rapid.
Die Propagation von Ideen durch soziale Medien ist schnell.
C1 verb ɪˈnɪʃɪeɪtɪd

initiated

initiiert
Meaning
Caused a process or action to begin; started something.
Example
The project was initiated to enhance marine biodiversity.
Das Projekt wurde initiiert, um die marine Biodiversität zu verbessern.
C1 noun /ˈpreɪsiː/

precis

Zusammenfassung
Meaning
A concise summary of a text or speech.
Example
The student submitted a précis of the long article.
Der Student reichte eine Zusammenfassung des langen Artikels ein.
C1 noun /ˈrɪdəns/

riddance

Befreiung
Meaning
The action of getting rid of something unwanted or unpleasant.
Example
His departure was considered a welcome riddance by the team.
Seine Abreise wurde vom Team als eine willkommene Befreiung angesehen.
C1 verb /ˌdiː.kəmˈprɛs/

decompress

entspannen
Meaning
To relax and recover from stress or pressure.
Example
Taking deep breaths helps to decompress after a stressful day.
Tiefes Atmen hilft, sich nach einem stressigen Tag zu entspannen.
C1 adverb/noun /ˌhɪərˈæftər/

hereafter

von nun an / jenseits
Meaning
from now on; in the future; also refers to life after death.
Example
Hereafter, all reports must be submitted electronically.
Von nun an müssen alle Berichte elektronisch eingereicht werden.
C1 adjective /prəˈmɪskjuəs/

promiscuous

promiskuitiv
Meaning
Having or showing a casual and unselective approach, often used to describe indiscriminate sexual relationships.
Example
The novel depicts a character with a promiscuous lifestyle.
Der Roman beschreibt eine Figur mit einem promiskuitiven Lebensstil.
C1 noun /ˈtɪrəni/

tyranny

Tyrannei
Meaning
Cruel and oppressive government or rule by a tyrant.
Example
The people revolted against the tyranny of their ruler.
Das Volk erhob sich gegen die Tyrannei ihres Herrschers.
C1 noun /ˈvɜːrtɛks/

vertex

Gipfel
Meaning
The highest point; the top or the apex.
Example
The climber reached the vertex of the mountain.
Der Bergsteiger erreichte den Gipfel des Berges.
C1 noun /ˈtrɪviə/

trivia

Triviales Fakten
Meaning
Details or information that are considered unimportant or of little value.
Example
The quiz was filled with fun trivia about movies and music.
Das Quiz war mit lustigen Trivia über Filme und Musik gefüllt.
C1 adjective /ˈsted.fæst/

Steadfast

standhaft; entschlossen; unbeirrbar
Meaning
firm in belief, determination, or adherence; unwavering
Example
She remained steadfast in her commitment to helping the poor.
Sie blieb standhaft in ihrem Engagement, den Armen zu helfen.
C1 noun /ˈleɪ.tən.si/

latency

Latenz
Meaning
The delay in processing signals or data.
Example
High latency in online gaming can cause lagging issues.
Hohe Latenz in Online-Spielen kann zu Verzögerungsproblemen führen.
C1 verb /ˈɡɑː.nɪʃ/

garnish

garnierten
Meaning
To decorate food with small items for added flavor or visual appeal.
Example
She garnished the dish with fresh coriander leaves.
Sie garnierten das Gericht mit frischen Korianderblättern.
C1 noun/adjective ˈflɛdʒ.lɪŋ

fledgling

Neuling, unerfahren, neu gegründet
Meaning
New, inexperienced, newly established.
Example
The fledgling startup needs investment.
Das neu gegründete Unternehmen benötigt Investitionen.
C1 adjective /ˈsteɪtli/

stately

würdevoll und majestätisch
Meaning
Having a dignified, majestic, and impressive appearance or manner.
Example
The stately mansion stood at the end of the long driveway.
Das würdige Herrenhaus stand am Ende des langen Auffahrtsweges.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnkɒnstɪˈtuːʃənəl/

Unconstitutional

verfassungswidrig
Meaning
not in accordance with a political constitution; violating constitutional principles
Example
The court declared the new law unconstitutional.
Das Gericht erklärte das neue Gesetz für verfassungswidrig.
C1 adjective /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪv/

exhaustive

umfassend und vollständig
Meaning
Fully comprehensive and including all possibilities.
Example
The report provides an exhaustive analysis of the issue.
Der Bericht liefert eine umfassende Analyse des Problems.
C1 noun /ˈʃoʊ.və.nɪst/

chauvinist

übertrieben parteiischer Mensch
Meaning
A person displaying excessive or prejudiced loyalty to a group, cause, or gender.
Example
He was labeled a chauvinist after his remarks about women in the workplace.
Er wurde nach seinen Bemerkungen über Frauen am Arbeitsplatz als Chauvinist bezeichnet.
C1 verb /ˈslækən/

slacken

lockern
Meaning
to make or become less tight, less active, or slower
Example
The driver slackened his speed as he approached the village.
Der Fahrer verlangsamte seine Geschwindigkeit, als er sich dem Dorf näherte.
C1 verb /ˈtɪŋkər/

tinker

herumbasteln
Meaning
to make small adjustments or repairs to something, often experimentally or imperfectly
Example
He likes to tinker with old radios in his garage.
Er mag es, mit alten Radios in seiner Garage zu basteln.
C1 verb /rɪˈbjuːk/

rebuke

tadeln
Meaning
to criticize or scold sharply; to express disapproval
Example
The teacher had to rebuke the student for cheating.
Der Lehrer musste den Schüler für Schummeln tadeln.