censure
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C1 verb /ˈsenʃər/

censure

censurar, criticar severamente
Meaning
to criticize severely; to express strong disapproval
Example
The committee censured the politician for his misconduct.
El comité censuró al político por su mala conducta.
C2 noun /ˈnoʊmənˌkleɪtʃər/

nomenclature

nomenclatura
Meaning
A system of names or terms used in a particular science, art, or field.
Example
The chemical nomenclature can be difficult for beginners to understand.
La nomenclatura química puede ser difícil para los principiantes de entender.
B2 noun /ˈɔːɡən/

organ

órgano
Meaning
a part of the body that performs a specific function
Example
The heart is an important organ in the human body.
El corazón es un órgano importante en el cuerpo humano.
C2 noun /ˈhæknɪ/

hackney

caballo de alquiler, trillado
Meaning
a horse kept for ordinary riding or hire; also used for something overused or trite
Example
The old hackney was still pulling the carriage.
El viejo caballo de alquiler seguía tirando del carruaje.
B2 noun /ˈpɪl.ɡrɪm/

Pilgrim

peregrino; viajero
Meaning
a person who journeys to a sacred place for religious reasons; a traveler
Example
The pilgrim walked for days to reach the holy shrine.
El peregrino caminó durante días para llegar al santuario sagrado.
C2 noun /maɪˈnjuːʃə/

minutia

minucias
Meaning
a small or trivial detail of something
Example
He was bored by the minutia of office paperwork.
Estaba aburrido por las minucias del papeleo de la oficina.
C1 verb /ˈdæŋɡəl/

dangle

colgar
Meaning
to hang loosely or swing freely
Example
The keys dangled from his belt.
Las llaves colgaban de su cinturón.
C2 noun /haɪnd/

Hind

cierva
Meaning
a female deer, especially a red deer
Example
The hind protected her fawn from predators.
La cierva protegió a su cría de los depredadores.
C2 verb /ˌɪntərˈpoʊz/

interpose

interponer
Meaning
To place or insert between one thing and another; to intervene in a situation.
Example
He quickly interposed himself between the fighters to stop the quarrel.
Él rápidamente se interpuso entre los luchadores para detener la pelea.
C2 adjective /dɪˈspjuːtəbl/

Disputable

discutible; cuestionable
Meaning
open to debate or argument; questionable
Example
The facts in the case are disputable and need further investigation.
Los hechos en el caso son discutibles y necesitan más investigación.
B2 noun /ˈbel.i/

Belly

barriga
Meaning
the front part of the human trunk below the ribs, containing the stomach and bowels; abdomen
Example
The baby kicked in her belly during pregnancy.
El bebé pateó en su barriga durante el embarazo.
C2 adjective /ˈviː.ni.əl/

Venial

perdonable; no gravemente malo; menor
Meaning
forgivable; not seriously wrong; minor
Example
His late arrival was considered a venial offense.
Su llegada tarde fue considerada una ofensa venial.
C1 adjective ˌkɒn.ʃiˈen.ʃəs

conscientious

consciente
Meaning
Wishing to do what is right, especially to do one's work or duty well and thoroughly.
Example
A conscientious worker always delivers high-quality results.
Un trabajador consciente siempre entrega resultados de alta calidad.
C1 noun ˈmɑːrdʒɪnəlaɪzd ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəlz

marginalized individuals

individuos marginados
Meaning
People who are treated as insignificant or peripheral to society, often excluded from mainstream social, economic, or political activities.
Example
Marginalized individuals often face severe challenges.
Los individuos marginados a menudo enfrentan desafíos graves.
B2 adjective /ˈɑːrbɪˌtrɛri/

arbitrary

arbitrario
Meaning
based on random choice or personal whim, rather than reason or system
Example
The teacher's arbitrary grading upset many students.
La calificación arbitraria del profesor molestó a muchos estudiantes.
C1 noun /ɪnˌkɑːsəˈreɪʃən/

incarceration

encarcelamiento
Meaning
the state of being imprisoned or confined
Example
The criminal faced years of incarceration for his crimes.
El criminal enfrentó años de encarcelamiento por sus crímenes.
C1 noun /ˈsɪmətri/

symmetry

simetría
Meaning
the quality of having balanced proportions or identical parts facing each other
Example
The building’s symmetry impressed the visitors.
La simetría del edificio impresionó a los visitantes.
C1 noun /tɪnt/

tint

matiz
Meaning
a slight shade or variation of a color
Example
The walls were painted white with a slight blue tint.
Las paredes fueron pintadas de blanco con un ligero tinte azul.
C2 verb /ˌaʊtməˈnuːvər/

outmaneuver

superar astutamente
Meaning
to gain an advantage over an opponent by skillful or clever action
Example
The smaller company managed to outmaneuver its larger rival.
La empresa más pequeña logró superar astutamente a su rival más grande.
C2 adjective /ˈstɒlɪd/

stolid

calmo, imperturbable
Meaning
Calm, dependable, and showing little emotion or animation.
Example
Despite the chaos around him, he remained stolid and composed.
A pesar del caos a su alrededor, permaneció tranquilo y sereno.
C2 verb /ˈɛdɪfaɪ/

edify

edificar
Meaning
To instruct or improve someone morally or intellectually.
Example
Good books can both entertain and edify the reader.
Los buenos libros pueden entretener y edificar al lector.
B2 adjective /ɪˈmjuːn/

immune

inmunizado
Meaning
protected from disease or from the effects of something
Example
Children who are vaccinated are immune to many diseases.
Los niños vacunados están inmunizados contra muchas enfermedades.
A2 noun /ˈmeməri/

Memory

memoria
Meaning
The faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information
Example
She has an excellent memory for faces and names.
Ella tiene una excelente memoria para caras y nombres.
A2 noun /brɪk/

brick

ladrillo
Meaning
A rectangular block of clay or similar material used in building walls and other structures.
Example
The workers laid brick after brick to build the wall.
Los trabajadores colocaron ladrillo tras ladrillo para construir la pared.
A2 noun /ˈbɪljən/

billion

mil millones
Meaning
the number 1,000,000,000 (one thousand million)
Example
The company is worth more than a billion dollars.
La empresa vale más de mil millones de dólares.
C2 noun /ˈdɒɡərəl/

doggerel

verso vulgar
Meaning
Comic or irregular verse, often poorly constructed and lacking in artistic quality.
Example
The poet’s work was dismissed as mere doggerel by the critics.
El trabajo del poeta fue descartado como mero verso vulgar por los críticos.
A2 noun /ˈketʃ.ʌp/

Ketch-up

salsa de tomate
Meaning
a thick sauce made chiefly from tomatoes, vinegar, and spices
Example
She squeezed some ketchup on her french fries before eating them.
Ella puso un poco de salsa de tomate en sus papas fritas antes de comerlas.
C2 noun /mɪˌsɛdʒəˈneɪʃən/

miscegenation

mestizaje
Meaning
the interbreeding of people considered to be of different racial types
Example
The law once prohibited miscegenation in many countries.
La ley prohibió la miscegenación en muchos países.
C1 adjective /ɔːˈdeɪ.ʃəs/

Audacious

audaz
Meaning
showing willingness to take bold risks; daring
Example
His audacious plan to climb the mountain without proper equipment shocked everyone.
Su plan audaz de escalar la montaña sin el equipo adecuado sorprendió a todos.
C1 adjective /ˈpɜːrtɪnənt/

pertinent

pertinente
Meaning
Relevant or applicable to a particular matter.
Example
She asked a pertinent question during the meeting.
Ella hizo una pregunta pertinente durante la reunión.
A1 noun /eɡ/

Egg

huevo
Meaning
an oval object laid by female birds, reptiles, fish, and insects, used as food
Example
I had scrambled eggs for breakfast this morning.
Esta mañana comí huevos revueltos para el desayuno.
C1 adjective /ˈveɪɡrənt/

Vagrant

vagabundo; sin hogar
Meaning
wandering aimlessly; having no settled home
Example
The vagrant man was asking for food near the station.
El hombre vagabundo estaba pidiendo comida cerca de la estación.
C1 noun /ˈrɪɡər/

rigor

rigor
Meaning
strictness, severity, or demanding conditions
Example
The training was carried out with great rigor.
El entrenamiento se llevó a cabo con gran rigor.
A2 noun/verb /ˈkɒntækt/

contact

contacto
Meaning
Communication or connection with someone.
Example
You should contact your doctor if symptoms persist.
Deberías contactar a tu doctor si los síntomas persisten.
A1 adverb /hɪr/

here

aquí
Meaning
in, at, or to this place
Example
Please come here quickly.
Por favor ven aquí rápidamente.
C1 noun /ˌɪntɪˈmeɪʃən/

intimation

insinuación
Meaning
A subtle or indirect hint or suggestion.
Example
She gave no intimation of her plans.
Ella no dio ninguna insinuación sobre sus planes.
C1 verb /pərˈtɜːrb/

perturb

perturbar
Meaning
To disturb or unsettle greatly in mind.
Example
The sudden noise perturbed the students during the exam.
El ruido repentino perturbó a los estudiantes durante el examen.
C1 adjective, verb /muːt/

moot

irrelevante / debatible
Meaning
Adjective: subject to debate or irrelevant. Verb: to suggest an idea for discussion.
Example
The issue of funding became a moot point after the project was canceled.
El tema de la financiación se convirtió en un punto irrelevante después de que el proyecto fuera cancelado.
A2 noun /wɛb/

web

telaraña
Meaning
a network of fine threads spun by a spider or a complex interconnected system
Example
The spider spun a large web in the corner of the room.
La araña tejió una gran telaraña en la esquina de la habitación.
B2 adjective /swɪft/

swift

rápido
Meaning
moving very quickly; happening promptly
Example
The river current was swift after the heavy rain.
La corriente del río fue rápida después de la intensa lluvia.
A2 noun /daʊt/

Doubt

duda; desconfianza; sospecha
Meaning
a feeling of uncertainty or lack of conviction; distrust or suspicion
Example
There was no doubt in her mind that she had made the right decision.
No había duda en su mente de que había tomado la decisión correcta.
C2 noun /ˈprɒsədi/

prosody

prosodia
Meaning
The patterns of rhythm and sound used in poetry and speech.
Example
The professor explained how prosody affects the mood of a poem.
El profesor explicó cómo la prosodia afecta el estado de ánimo de un poema.
C1 noun ænˈtɪk.wə.ti

antiquity

antigüedad
Meaning
The ancient past, especially the period of classical and other human civilizations before the Middle Ages.
Example
The ruins are a reminder of the city's antiquity.
Las ruinas son un recordatorio de la antigüedad de la ciudad.
B2 verb /əˈfend/

offend

ofender
Meaning
to cause displeasure or resentment; to hurt someone's feelings
Example
His rude comments offended many people at the meeting.
Sus comentarios groseros ofendieron a muchas personas en la reunión.
C2 verb /ɪˈmæskjʊleɪt/

emasculate

emascolar
Meaning
To make someone weaker or less effective; to deprive of strength or vigor.
Example
The constant criticism emasculated his confidence.
La crítica constante emasculó su confianza.
C1 noun /ɒpˈtɒmɪtrɪst/

optometrist

optometrista
Meaning
A healthcare professional who examines eyes and prescribes corrective lenses.
Example
The optometrist prescribed new glasses for her.
El optometrista le recetó nuevos anteojos.
B2 noun /ˈθæŋksˌɡɪvɪŋ/

thanksgiving

Día de Acción de Gracias
Meaning
an annual holiday in the US for giving thanks, celebrated with a meal
Example
We spent Thanksgiving dinner with our family.
Pasamos la cena de Acción de Gracias con nuestra familia.
B2 noun /ˈkɪdni/

Kidney

riñón
Meaning
either of a pair of organs that filter waste products from the blood and produce urine
Example
Drinking plenty of water helps keep your kidneys healthy.
Beber suficiente agua ayuda a mantener los riñones saludables.
C1 noun /ˈkɒn.vɔɪ/

convoy

convoy
Meaning
a group of vehicles or ships traveling together, often for protection
Example
The military convoy moved through the desert at dawn.
El convoy militar atravesó el desierto al amanecer.
C1 adjective /ˈfɒnɪk/

phonic

fonético
Meaning
relating to speech sounds or their production; connected to phonics
Example
Children learn phonic rules to read new words accurately.
Los niños aprenden las reglas fonéticas para leer nuevas palabras con precisión.
C1 noun /ˈpædʒənt/

pageant

certamen de belleza
Meaning
A public entertainment consisting of a procession of people in elaborate costumes, or a beauty contest.
Example
She won first place in the beauty pageant.
Ella ganó el primer lugar en el certamen de belleza
A1 noun /koʊld drɪŋk/

Cold drink

bebida fría
Meaning
A chilled beverage; a refreshing drink served cold
Example
I ordered a cold drink to beat the summer heat.
Pedí una bebida fría para aliviar el calor del verano.
B2 noun /ˈskɔːr.pi.ən/

Scorpion

escorpión
Meaning
a small creature with eight legs, two claws, and a curved tail with a poisonous sting
Example
The scorpion hid under the rock during the day.
El escorpión se escondió debajo de la roca durante el día.
C1 adjective /ˈkɔː.zəl/

causal

causal
Meaning
relating to or acting as a cause
Example
There is a causal link between smoking and cancer.
Existe una relación causal entre fumar y el cáncer.
C1 verb /ɪmˈbɛl.ɪʃ/

embellish

adornar
Meaning
To make something more attractive by adding decorative details or exaggerating.
Example
He tends to embellish stories to make them more interesting.
Tiende a adornar las historias para hacerlas más interesantes.
C2 noun /ˈtoʊ.di/

Toady

adulador
Meaning
a person who acts obsequiously to gain favor; a sycophant
Example
He was known as a toady who always agreed with the boss.
Él era conocido como un adulador que siempre estaba de acuerdo con el jefe.
B2 noun ˈkɔːʃən

caution

precaución
Meaning
Care taken to avoid danger or mistakes; a warning or piece of advice.
Example
Researchers issued a caution regarding unsustainable fishing.
Los investigadores emitieron una advertencia sobre la pesca insostenible.
C1 noun ˈeʃ.ə.lɒn

echelon

nivel, rango, jerarquía
Meaning
A level or rank in an organization, a profession, or society.
Example
He climbed to the upper echelon of the corporate world.
Él ascendió al nivel más alto del mundo corporativo.
C2 noun /ˈdʒɪŋɡoʊ/

jingo

nacionalista belicista
Meaning
a person who strongly supports warlike or aggressive foreign policy; an extreme nationalist
Example
The leader was criticized as a reckless jingo.
El líder fue criticado como un jingo imprudente.
B2 adjective /sə'spɪʃ.əs/

Suspicious

sospechoso; dudoso
Meaning
having or showing distrust; doubtful; questionable
Example
The police found his behavior very suspicious.
La policía encontró su comportamiento muy sospechoso.
B1 adverb /pəˈlaɪt.li/

Politely

educadamente;
Meaning
in a respectful and considerate manner; courteously; with good manners
Example
She politely declined the invitation because she had other commitments.
Ella declinó educadamente la invitación porque tenía otros compromisos.
C1 noun /ˈdɛdlɒk/

deadlock

bloqueo
Meaning
a situation in which progress is impossible because of disagreement
Example
Negotiations reached a deadlock after neither side agreed to compromise.
Las negociaciones llegaron a un bloqueo después de que ninguna de las partes aceptó comprometerse.
C1 noun ˌpriː.dɪs.pəˈzɪʃ.ən

predisposition

predisposición
Meaning
A natural tendency or inclination toward a particular behavior or condition.
Example
Genetic factors can influence a person's predisposition to diseases.
Los factores genéticos pueden influir en la predisposición de una persona a las enfermedades.
B2 adjective /ˈnoʊ.ɪŋ/

Knowing

conocimiento; perceptivo; astuto;
Meaning
showing awareness or understanding; perceptive; shrewd
Example
She gave him a knowing smile when he mentioned the secret.
Ella le dio una sonrisa comprensiva cuando mencionó el secreto.
A2 adverb /əˈpɑːrt/

Apart

separadamente; lejos el uno del otro; en piezas
Meaning
separately; away from each other; in pieces
Example
The two buildings are far apart from each other.
Los dos edificios están muy separados el uno del otro.
B2 adjective /ˈpɔɪ.zən.əs/

Poisonous

venenoso; tóxico; mortal
Meaning
containing poison; toxic; deadly
Example
The snake is highly poisonous and dangerous.
La serpiente es muy venenosa y peligrosa.
B2 noun /ˈhɑːr.bər/

Harbour

puerto
Meaning
a place on the coast where vessels may find shelter; a place of safety or refuge
Example
The fishing boats returned safely to the harbour before the storm hit the coastline.
Los botes de pesca regresaron de manera segura al puerto antes de que la tormenta golpeara la costa.
C1 noun /ˈɛləkwəns/

eloquence

elocuencia
Meaning
Fluent or persuasive speaking or writing.
Example
His eloquence in speech won him great respect.
Su elocuencia en el discurso le ganó mucho respeto.
C2 adjective /ˈstɜːr.tər.əs/

stertorous

ronquido fuerte
Meaning
Characterized by heavy snoring or breathing.
Example
The patient’s stertorous breathing alarmed the nurses.
La respiración estertorosa del paciente alarmó a las enfermeras.
C1 adjective /ˈɡraʊnd.ləs/

Groundless

sin fundamento; infundado
Meaning
without foundation or justification; baseless
Example
His accusations against her were completely groundless.
Sus acusaciones contra ella eran completamente infundadas.
B2 verb /ˈklæsɪfaɪ/

classify

clasificar
Meaning
to arrange or organize into categories or groups
Example
The librarian classified the books by subject.
El bibliotecario clasificó los libros por tema.
B1 noun /ˈdʒɜːrnəlɪst/

journalist

periodista
Meaning
a person who writes news articles or reports for newspapers, magazines, or media
Example
The journalist covered the political event.
El periodista cubrió el evento político.
B2 noun ˈɪn.deks

index

índice
Meaning
An alphabetical list of names, subjects, etc. with references to the places where they occur, typically found at the end of a book; a sign or measure of something.
Example
An index organizes critical data.
Un índice organiza datos importantes.
C2 noun /ˈrɒndoʊ/

rondo

composición musical (con tema recurrente)
Meaning
a musical composition with a recurring leading theme
Example
The pianist ended the recital with a lively rondo.
El pianista terminó el recital con un rondó animado.
B2 noun /ˌnoʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃənz/

notifications

notificaciones
Meaning
A notice or announcement, especially an official one.
Example
Turn off notifications to stay focused.
Apaga las notificaciones para mantenerte enfocado.
C2 verb /ˈstɪp.əl/

stipple

cubrir con pequeños puntos
Meaning
to cover a surface with numerous small dots or specks, often in drawing or painting
Example
The artist stippled the canvas to create a textured effect.
El artista cubrió el lienzo con pequeños puntos para crear un efecto texturizado.
A2 verb /teɪk ɒf/

take off

quitar; despegar
Meaning
to remove something; to leave the ground and begin flying (airplane); to suddenly become successful or popular
Example
The airplane will take off in ten minutes.
El avión despegará en diez minutos.
B1 verb /ɪmˈplɔɪ/

employ

emplear
Meaning
to hire someone to do a job; to use something effectively
Example
The company plans to employ more engineers next year.
La empresa planea emplear más ingenieros el próximo año.
B2 noun /ˈpær.ə.dɒks/

paradox

paradoja
Meaning
A seemingly contradictory statement or situation that may be true; an apparent inconsistency.
Example
The paradox of freedom is that it requires rules.
La paradoja de la libertad es que requiere reglas.
C2 adjective /bɪˈnaɪtɪd/

benighted

oscuro, ignorante
Meaning
In a state of intellectual or moral ignorance; overtaken by darkness.
Example
The explorers were lost in the benighted forest without any guide.
Los exploradores se perdieron en el bosque oscuro sin ningún guía.
C1 noun /ˈpɒpjʊlɪst/

populist

líder populista
Meaning
A politician or person who seeks to appeal to ordinary people who feel their concerns are ignored by elites.
Example
The populist leader promised to put the needs of common citizens first.
El líder populista prometió poner las necesidades de los ciudadanos comunes en primer lugar.
B2 adjective /ˈɒp.ʃən.əl/

Optional

opcional
Meaning
not compulsory; left to choice
Example
Wearing a tie is optional for this event.
Usar una corbata es opcional para este evento.
B2 noun /ˈfoʊ.bi.ə/

Phobia

miedo irracional; aversión
Meaning
an extreme or irrational fear of or aversion to something
Example
She has a phobia of spiders.
Ella tiene fobia a las arañas.
C1 noun /poʊˈlær.ɪ.ti/

polarity

polaridad
Meaning
the state of having two opposite or contradictory tendencies, opinions, or aspects
Example
The polarity between the two political parties is growing stronger.
La polaridad entre los dos partidos políticos está creciendo.
C2 adjective /dʒɛnˈtiːl/

genteel

genteel
Meaning
Polite, refined, or respectable, often in an affected or exaggerated way
Example
She spoke in a genteel manner that impressed the guests.
Ella habló de una manera gentil que impresionó a los invitados.
C1 noun /ˈbærɪstər/

barrister

abogado
Meaning
A type of lawyer in certain legal systems who specializes in courtroom advocacy and litigation.
Example
The barrister argued the case passionately before the judge.
El abogado defendió el caso con pasión ante el juez.
A2 noun /belt/

Belt

cinturón
Meaning
a strip of leather or cloth worn around the waist to support clothes or for decoration
Example
He tightened his belt before going for a run.
Se apretó el cinturón antes de salir a correr.
B2 noun ɪnˈsɛntɪvz

incentives

incentivos
Meaning
Things that motivate or encourage one to do something.
Example
Tax incentives are used to encourage investment in renewable energy.
Se utilizan incentivos fiscales para fomentar la inversión en energía renovable.
A2 noun /θɔːt/

thought

pensamiento
Meaning
an idea or opinion produced by thinking or considering something
Example
She had a sudden thought about the future.
Ella tuvo un pensamiento repentino sobre el futuro.
B2 adjective ˈɡluːmi

gloomy

oscuro
Meaning
Dark or poorly lit; depressing or pessimistic.
Example
The atmosphere suddenly turned gloomy.
La atmósfera de repente se volvió oscura.
B2 adjective /ˈstɛdi/

steady

firme
Meaning
firm, stable, and not likely to change suddenly
Example
He kept his hand steady while painting the picture.
Mantuvo su mano firme mientras pintaba el cuadro.
B2 verb /ɪˈmɜːrdʒ/

emerge

emergir
Meaning
to come into view or become apparent; to arise or appear from something
Example
New opportunities will emerge as the industry grows.
Nuevas oportunidades emergerán a medida que la industria crezca.
C2 adjective /ˈnjuː.mər.ə.bəl/

Numerable

contable; numerable
Meaning
capable of being counted; countable
Example
The stars in the sky are not numerable.
Las estrellas en el cielo no son numerables.
C2 noun ˈɛn.ɡræm

Engram

Señales físicas en el cerebro para el almacenamiento y recuperación de recuerdos
Meaning
Physical signs or patterns in the brain for memory storage and retrieval
Example
Scientists study engrams to understand how memories are stored.
Los científicos estudian los engramas para comprender cómo se almacenan los recuerdos.
C1 noun /kənˈsep.ʃən/

Conception

concepción; idea; fertilización
Meaning
the forming of an idea or plan; the fertilization of an ovum by a sperm; the action of conceiving
Example
The conception of this innovative project took several months of brainstorming.
La concepción de este proyecto innovador tomó varios meses de lluvia de ideas.
B2 verb /ˈæɡ.rə.veɪt/

aggravate

agravar
Meaning
To make a situation worse or more serious.
Example
Scratching the rash will only aggravate the condition.
Rascar la erupción solo agravará la condición.
B1 noun /ˈsʌməri/

summary

resumen
Meaning
A brief statement of the main points of something.
Example
She wrote a summary of the book for her class.
Ella escribió un resumen del libro para su clase.
B2 noun ɡrɪd

grid

reja
Meaning
A network of interconnected lines or a system for distributing electricity over a wide area.
Example
The national power grid must be upgraded.
La red nacional de energía debe ser mejorada.
C1 noun /əˈstrɑː.lə.dʒər/

Astrologer

astrólogo
Meaning
a person who studies astrology and makes predictions based on the positions of stars and planets
Example
The astrologer predicted good fortune in her future.
El astrólogo predijo buena suerte en su futuro.
C1 verb, noun /mʊər/

moor

atar / terreno baldío
Meaning
As a verb: to tie a ship so that it stays in place. As a noun: open, uncultivated land.
Example
The sailors moored the ship at the dock.
Los marineros amarraron el barco en el muelle.
C2 adjective /kənˈvɜːrsənt/

conversant

familiarizado, conocedor
Meaning
familiar with or knowledgeable about something
Example
She is conversant with the latest developments in technology.
Ella está familiarizada con los últimos avances en tecnología.
B1 noun /ˈɔːfɪsər/

officer

oficial
Meaning
a person in a position of authority, especially in law enforcement
Example
The officer gave him a ticket for speeding.
El oficial le dio una multa por exceso de velocidad.
C1 verb /əˈflɪkt/

afflict

afligir
Meaning
to cause pain, suffering, or distress to someone or something
Example
Many people are afflicted by seasonal allergies.
Muchas personas están afligidas por alergias estacionales.
B2 noun helθ ˈhæzərdz

health hazards

riesgos para la salud
Meaning
Risks or dangers to physical health and well-being that can cause illness or injury.
Example
Plastic usage leads to significant health hazards.
El uso de plástico conduce a riesgos significativos para la salud.
C2 noun /ˈsaʊər wʊd ˈæp.əl/

Sour wood apple

manzana de elefante
Meaning
a tropical fruit with hard shell and tangy flesh; elephant apple
Example
The sour wood apple has a unique taste that many people enjoy.
La manzana de elefante tiene un sabor único que muchas personas disfrutan.
B1 adjective /ˈpeɪn.fəl/

painful

doloroso
Meaning
causing physical or emotional pain
Example
The injury was very painful, and he needed immediate care.
La lesión fue muy dolorosa y necesitaba atención inmediata.
B2 noun /pætʃ/

Patch

parche
Meaning
a small piece of material used to mend a hole; a small area of something different
Example
She sewed a patch over the hole in her jeans.
Ella cosió un parche sobre el agujero en sus pantalones vaqueros.
B2 adjective /ˈlætər/

latter

el segundo
Meaning
the second of two people or things mentioned
Example
Between tea and coffee, I prefer the latter.
Entre el té y el café, prefiero el segundo.
C1 adjective /praɪˈmɔːrdiəl/

primordial

primordial
Meaning
Existing at or from the beginning of time; fundamental and original.
Example
Scientists study the primordial soup from which life emerged.
Los científicos estudian la sopa primordial de la que surgió la vida.
C1 noun /ˈɑd.ɪ.ti/

Oddity

rareza
Meaning
something that is strange or unusual; a peculiar trait
Example
His habit of sleeping standing up was considered an oddity.
Su hábito de dormir de pie se consideraba una rareza.
C1 verb /vaɪ/

vie

competir
Meaning
To compete eagerly with someone in order to do or achieve something.
Example
Several companies are vying for the contract.
Varias empresas están compitiendo por el contrato.
B2 adjective /ˈweɪ.kɪŋ/

Waking

despierto; consciente
Meaning
awake and conscious; relating to the time when one is awake
Example
She spent her waking hours studying for the exam.
Ella pasó sus horas despiertas estudiando para el examen.
C2 noun /ˈdʒes.tər/

Jester

bufón; payaso
Meaning
a professional joker or fool at a medieval court; someone who jokes a lot
Example
The court jester entertained the king with witty remarks and amusing tricks.
El bufón de la corte entretenía al rey con comentarios ingeniosos y trucos divertidos.
A2 noun /ˈɡʊdnəs/

goodness

bondad
Meaning
the quality of being morally good or virtuous
Example
Her goodness was evident in the way she treated others.
Su bondad era evidente en la forma en que trataba a los demás.
A2 noun /ˈmɛnjuː/

menu

menú
Meaning
A list of food and drinks available at a restaurant or offered at a meal.
Example
The restaurant updated its menu with new dishes.
El restaurante actualizó su menú con nuevos platos.
A2 noun /ˈmaʊn.tɪn/

Mountain

montaña
Meaning
a large natural elevation of earth and rock rising above the ground
Example
They climbed the highest mountain in the region.
Escalaron la montaña más alta de la región.
B1 adjective /ˈɜːrbən/

urban

urbano
Meaning
related to, characteristic of, or situated in a city or town
Example
Urban areas often have higher population density than rural areas.
Las áreas urbanas suelen tener una mayor densidad de población que las áreas rurales.
C1 noun /bʊk ˈbaɪn.dər/

Book binder

encuadernador de libros
Meaning
a person whose job is to fasten the pages of books together and put covers on them
Example
The old book binder carefully restored the antique manuscript.
El viejo encuadernador restauró cuidadosamente el antiguo manuscrito.
B2 noun/adjective /ˈmɪnətʃər/ or /ˈmɪniətʃʊr/

miniature

versión en miniatura
Meaning
a very small version of something; small in scale or size
Example
The artist created a miniature model of the castle.
El artista creó un modelo en miniatura del castillo.
B2 verb /stæk/

stack

apilar o amontonar
Meaning
to arrange things in a neat pile or one on top of another
Example
He stacked the books neatly on the shelf.
Él apiló los libros ordenadamente en la estantería.
C2 adjective /ˈlɪŋɡwəl/

lingual

relacionado con la lengua
Meaning
Relating to the tongue or speech.
Example
The dentist examined the patient's lingual surface of the teeth.
El dentista examinó la superficie lingual de los dientes del paciente.