cation-exchange
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C2 noun /ˈkæt.aɪ.ɒn ɪksˌtʃeɪndʒ/

cation-exchange

Kationenaustausch
Meaning
A chemical process in soil that helps retain nutrients.
Example
The cation-exchange capacity of soil affects plant growth.
Die Kationenaustauschkapazitaet des Bodens beeinflusst das Pflanzenwachstum.
B1 verb kleɪmz

claims

Leben fordern
Meaning
To take someone's life, to cause death
Example
Workplace pollution claims thousands of lives annually.
Die Umweltverschmutzung am Arbeitsplatz fordert jedes Jahr Tausende von Leben.
C2 noun /ˈkæl.əm.ni/

Calumny

Verleumdung
Meaning
the making of false and defamatory statements about someone in order to damage their reputation
Example
The politician sued the newspaper for spreading calumny about his personal life.
Der Politiker verklagte die Zeitung wegen der Verbreitung von Verleumdungen über sein Privatleben.
B2 verb/noun /ˈsɛnsər/

censor

zensieren
Meaning
to suppress or remove parts of books, films, or information considered offensive or harmful; a person who does this
Example
The government tried to censor the controversial film.
Die Regierung versuchte, den umstrittenen Film zu zensieren.
C2 noun /ˈkɒŋ.kɔː.dæt/

concordat

Konkordat
Meaning
An agreement or treaty, especially between the Vatican and a secular government.
Example
The concordat established the rights of the church within the country.
Das Konkordat legte die Rechte der Kirche im Land fest.
B2 noun /kəˈmɪʃənər/

commissioner

kommissar
Meaning
an official in charge of a particular department or area
Example
The police commissioner addressed the media about the incident.
Der Polizeikommissar sprach mit den Medien über den Vorfall.
C2 adjective /ˈkælkjʊləbl/

calculable

berechenbar
Meaning
Capable of being calculated, estimated, or measured.
Example
The risk involved in the project is calculable.
Das Risiko im Projekt ist berechenbar.
C2 adjective /ˈklɔɪ.ɪŋ/

cloying

übermäßig süß
Meaning
too sweet, rich, or sentimental, making it unpleasant
Example
The dessert was so cloying that I couldn't finish it.
Das Dessert war so übermäßig süß, dass ich es nicht fertig essen konnte.
B1 noun /tʃiːk/

Cheek

Wange; Unverschämtheit;
Meaning
either side of the face below the eye; impudent or disrespectful behavior
Example
The baby's rosy cheeks showed she was healthy and happy.
Die rosigen Wangen des Babys zeigten, dass es gesund und glücklich war.
C1 adjective ˈklaɪ.mət rɪˈzɪl.i.ənt

climate-resilient

klimafest
Meaning
Able to cope with the adverse effects of climate change; sustainable and adaptable.
Example
Climate-resilient crops can survive extreme weather conditions.
Klimafeste Pflanzen können extreme Wetterbedingungen überleben.
C2 adjective /tʃeɪst/

Chaste

keusch; tugendhaft
Meaning
pure and morally good; abstaining from sexual activity
Example
She lived a chaste and virtuous life.
Sie lebte ein keusches und tugendhaftes Leben.
A2 adverb /kəˈrɛktli/

correctly

korrekt
Meaning
in a way that is true, accurate, or without mistakes
Example
She answered all the questions correctly.
Sie hat alle Fragen korrekt beantwortet.
B2 adjective /ˈkɒmɪkəl/

comical

komisch
Meaning
Funny in a strange or silly way; amusing.
Example
His comical expressions made everyone laugh.
Seine komischen Ausdrücke brachten alle zum Lachen.
B2 verb /kənˈstreɪn/

constrain

beschränken
Meaning
to limit or restrict someone or something; to force or compel
Example
The new regulations constrain businesses from polluting the environment.
Die neuen Vorschriften beschränken Unternehmen daran, die Umwelt zu verschmutzen.
C1 noun /krɪˈden.ʃəl/

credential

Qualifikation, Zeugnis
Meaning
a qualification, achievement, or aspect of a person's background used to indicate suitability for something
Example
She presented her credentials before starting the new job.
Sie legte ihre Qualifikationen vor, bevor sie den neuen Job begann.
C2 noun /ˌkæt ə ˈnaɪn ˌteɪlz/

cat-o-nine-tails

Peitsche mit neun Schwänzen
Meaning
A whip with nine knotted cords, historically used for punishment.
Example
The sailor feared the cat-o-nine-tails more than the storm at sea.
Der Matrose fürchtete die Peitsche mit neun Schwänzen mehr als den Sturm auf See.
B1 verb /ˈkɒntrækt/

contract

Vertrag abschließen
Meaning
to make smaller; to enter into a formal agreement
Example
The company will contract a new supplier for materials.
Das Unternehmen wird einen neuen Lieferanten für Materialien beauftragen.
B1 noun /ˌkjʊr.iˈɑs.ɪ.ti/

Curiosity

Neugier; ungewöhnlicher oder interessanter Gegenstand oder Fakt
Meaning
a strong desire to know or learn something; an unusual or interesting object or fact
Example
Her curiosity about different cultures led her to travel around the world.
Ihre Neugier über verschiedene Kulturen führte sie dazu, um die Welt zu reisen.
B2 noun /kənˈdʌktər/

conductor

Dirigent / Stromleiter
Meaning
a person who directs a performance or someone who collects fares on public transport; or a material that conducts electricity
Example
The conductor waved his baton to start the orchestra.
Der Dirigent schwenkte seinen Taktstock, um das Orchester zu beginnen.
B2 noun /ˈkʌmbæk/

comeback

Rückkehr
Meaning
A return to a former status or success after a period of decline.
Example
The singer made a remarkable comeback after years of silence.
Der Sänger machte nach Jahren der Stille eine bemerkenswerte Rückkehr.
C1 noun /ˈkaʊərdɪs/

cowardice

Feigheit
Meaning
lack of courage; behavior showing fear
Example
His cowardice prevented him from speaking up.
Seine Feigheit hinderte ihn daran, zu sprechen.
A2 noun /kæb/

cab

Taxi
Meaning
a taxi or car for hire with a driver
Example
We took a cab to the airport.
Wir nahmen ein Taxi zum Flughafen.
C1 noun /ˈklɛmənsi/

clemency

Gnade
Meaning
mercy, leniency, or forgiveness shown towards someone
Example
The judge showed clemency and reduced his sentence.
Der Richter zeigte Gnade und verringerte seine Strafe.
C2 noun /ˈklaʊdˌbɜːrst/

cloudburst

plötzlicher, starker Regen
Meaning
a sudden and very heavy rainfall
Example
The picnic was ruined by a sudden cloudburst.
Das Picknick wurde durch einen plötzlichen, starken Regen ruiniert.
C1 noun /ˈkæzəm/

chasm

Kluft / großer Unterschied
Meaning
a deep fissure in the earth's surface or a wide difference between people or ideas
Example
There was a great chasm between the two political parties.
Es gab eine große Kluft zwischen den beiden politischen Parteien.
B1 adjective /kəmˈbaɪnd/

combined

kombiniert
Meaning
formed by bringing together separate parts or elements
Example
The combined effort of the team led to success.
Der kombinierte Einsatz des Teams führte zum Erfolg.
C2 noun /kəˈbɑl/

Cabal

kabinett
Meaning
a secret political clique or faction
Example
The journalists exposed a cabal of corrupt politicians working together.
Die Journalisten enthüllten ein Kabinett von korrupten Politikern, die zusammenarbeiteten.
C1 noun /ˈkaʊntərˌpɔɪnt/

counterpoint

Kontrapunkt
Meaning
an argument, idea, or theme contrasting with another; also a musical term for independent melody
Example
Her calm attitude was a counterpoint to his anger.
Ihre ruhige Haltung war ein Kontrapunkt zu seinem Ärger.
B2 noun /ˈʃeɪndʒ ˈmænɪdʒmənt/

change management

Change Management
Meaning
The discipline that guides how we prepare, equip and support individuals, teams and organizations in making organizational change.
Example
Change management ensures smooth transitions.
Change Management sorgt für reibungslose Übergänge.
C2 adjective /ˈkrɛdʒʊləs/

credulous

leichtgläubig
Meaning
Having or showing too great a readiness to believe things.
Example
The credulous child believed every story she heard.
Das leichtgläubige Kind glaubte jede Geschichte, die es hörte.
B1 verb /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/

contribute

beitragen
Meaning
to give something, especially money, time, or effort, to help achieve or provide something
Example
Everyone contributed money to buy a farewell gift for the teacher.
Jeder trug mit Geld bei, um ein Abschiedsgeschenk für den Lehrer zu kaufen.
C1 noun /ˈkoʊtʃ.mən/

Coachman

Kutscher
Meaning
a person who drives a horse-drawn carriage or coach
Example
The coachman skillfully guided the horses through the busy streets.
Der Kutscher lenkte geschickt die Pferde durch die belebten Straßen.
C1 verb /ˈkriːmeɪt/

cremate

einäschern
Meaning
to burn a dead body to ashes as a funeral rite
Example
According to his wishes, they cremated his body after the funeral.
Gemäß seinem Wunsch kremierten sie seinen Körper nach der Beerdigung.
B1 noun, adjective /ˈkrɪmɪnəl/

criminal

kriminell
Meaning
A person who has committed a crime; relating to crime
Example
The police arrested a dangerous criminal last night.
Die Polizei hat letzte Nacht einen gefährlichen Kriminellen festgenommen.
B2 noun /ˈsɪnəmən/

Cinnamon

Zimt
Meaning
aromatic spice obtained from the inner bark of several tree species
Example
Cinnamon is often used in baking and desserts.
Zimt wird oft beim Backen und in Desserts verwendet.
B2 noun /kəmˈplaɪ.əns/

compliance

Einhaltung
Meaning
The practice of conforming to rules, regulations, or laws; obedience to orders or instructions.
Example
Schools expect compliance with their rules and policies.
Schulen erwarten die Einhaltung ihrer Regeln und Richtlinien.
A1 noun /klɑːs/

class

Klasse
Meaning
a group of students taught together or a category of people or things with shared characteristics
Example
Our class meets every morning at nine.
Unsere Klasse trifft sich jeden Morgen um neun.
B1 noun /ˈkɜːr.ənt/

Current

Strom
Meaning
a body of water or air moving in a definite direction; present time
Example
The river current was too strong for swimming.
Der Flussstrom war zu stark zum Schwimmen.
C1 noun/verb /ˈkætəpʌlt/

catapult

Katapult
Meaning
A device for launching objects at high speed; to hurl or launch something suddenly.
Example
The invention catapulted him to international fame.
Die Erfindung katapultierte ihn zu internationalem Ruhm.
C2 noun /kɒn.tɪˈɡjuː.ɪ.ti/

contiguity

Kontiguität
Meaning
the state of being in direct contact or next to each other
Example
The contiguity of the two countries facilitates trade.
Die Kontiguität der beiden Länder erleichtert den Handel.
C1 noun /kəˈlæm.ɪ.ti/

Calamity

Kalamität; Katastrophe
Meaning
an event causing great and often sudden damage or distress; a disaster
Example
The earthquake was a terrible calamity that affected thousands of families.
Das Erdbeben war eine schreckliche Kalamität, die Tausende von Familien betroffen hat.
C2 adjective /kənˈsʌmptɪv/

consumptive

verbrauchend
Meaning
Relating to or characterized by consumption; historically used to describe someone suffering from tuberculosis.
Example
The doctor advised against consumptive habits.
Der Arzt riet von verbrauchenden Gewohnheiten ab.
C2 noun /kəˈleɪʃən/

collation

Kollation
Meaning
the act of collecting, comparing, and arranging in proper order
Example
The librarian spent hours on the collation of old manuscripts.
Der Bibliothekar verbrachte Stunden mit der Kollation von alten Manuskripten.
B1 adjective /ˈkɜːrli/

curly

lockig
Meaning
having curls or waves; shaped with bends or coils
Example
She has naturally curly hair.
Sie hat von Natur aus lockige Haare.
B1 adjective /kənˈvɪnst/

convinced

überzeugt
Meaning
completely certain or sure about something
Example
She was convinced that he was telling the truth.
Sie war überzeugt, dass er die Wahrheit sagte.
C2 verb /koʊˈæɡjəˌleɪt/

coagulate

gerinnen
Meaning
to cause a liquid, especially blood, to change into a solid or semi-solid state
Example
The blood quickly coagulated after the cut.
Das Blut gerann schnell nach dem Schnitt.
B1 noun /ˈkɒkˌteɪl/

cocktail

cocktail
Meaning
a mixed drink typically containing alcohol and other ingredients.
Example
She ordered a cocktail at the bar.
Sie bestellte einen Cocktail an der Bar.
C2 noun /kənˌdʒiː.niˈæl.ə.t̬i/

congeniality

Zuvorkommenheit
Meaning
The quality of being pleasant, friendly, and easy to talk to.
Example
His congeniality makes him popular among friends.
Seine Zuvorkommenheit macht ihn unter seinen Freunden beliebt.
B2 noun /kəˈlɑːʒ/

collage

Collage
Meaning
A piece of art made by sticking various materials such as photographs or paper onto a surface.
Example
She created a collage using old magazine pictures.
Sie hat ein Collage mit alten Zeitschriftenbildern gemacht.
C2 noun /ˈkɒnsənəns/

consonance

Klangharmonie, Übereinstimmung
Meaning
Agreement or harmony among parts; a pleasing combination of sounds in music or words.
Example
The consonance between their ideas made the project successful.
Die Harmonie zwischen ihren Ideen machte das Projekt erfolgreich.
C1 noun /kənˈfɛdərəsi/

confederacy

Konföderation
Meaning
a group of states, people, or organizations united for a common purpose
Example
The southern states formed a confederacy during the civil war.
Die südlichen Staaten bildeten während des Bürgerkriegs eine Konföderation.
C2 noun /ˈkɔː.seər/

corsair

Pirat
Meaning
a pirate, especially one operating along the Mediterranean coasts
Example
The corsair plundered ships along the coast.
Der Korsar plünderte Schiffe entlang der Küste.
B2 adjective /kənˈtɛntɪd/

contented

zufrieden
Meaning
Feeling or expressing happiness and satisfaction.
Example
She was contented with her simple life.
Sie war zufrieden mit ihrem einfachen Leben.
A2 verb /ˈkɑːpi/

copy

kopieren
Meaning
to make an identical reproduction of something
Example
Please copy this document for the meeting.
Bitte kopieren Sie dieses Dokument für das Treffen.
B2 adjective /ˌkɒmplɪˈmɛntəri/

complementary

komplementär
Meaning
combining in such a way as to enhance or emphasize the qualities of each other
Example
The two partners have complementary skills.
Die beiden Partner haben komplementäre Fähigkeiten.
C2 adjective ˈkoʊ.dʒənt

cogent

überzeugend
Meaning
Clear, logical, and convincing.
Example
His cogent argument convinced the jury.
Sein überzeugendes Argument überzeugte die Jury.
C1 verb /kənˈkɜːr/

concur

zustimmen
Meaning
To agree with someone or something.
Example
I concur with your opinion on this matter.
Ich stimme Ihrer Meinung zu in dieser Angelegenheit.
A2 noun /ˈkʌstəmər/

customer

Kunde
Meaning
a person or organization that buys goods or services from a store or business
Example
The shopkeeper greeted the customer with a smile.
Der Ladenbesitzer begrüßte den Kunden mit einem Lächeln.
C2 adjective /ˈtʃɛəri/

chary

vorsichtig
Meaning
cautious or wary about doing something
Example
She was chary of investing in the new business venture.
Sie war vorsichtig, in das neue Geschäft zu investieren.
C1 adjective /ˈkrɪm.zən/

Crimson

dunkelrot
Meaning
a deep purplish-red color
Example
The crimson sunset painted the sky with beautiful shades.
Der dunkelrote Sonnenuntergang malte den Himmel mit schönen Farben.
B2 noun /ˈkɒmənˌteɪtər/

commentator

Kommentator
Meaning
a person who reports and discusses events, especially on TV or radio
Example
The commentator described the football match in detail.
Der Kommentator beschrieb das Fußballspiel im Detail.
B2 verb /ˈsɜːrkjəˌleɪt/

circulate

zirkulieren, bewegen
Meaning
to move continuously or freely through a closed system or area
Example
Air circulated freely in the open hall.
Die Luft zirkulierte frei im offenen Raum.
C1 noun ˌkɒm.pjʊˈteɪ.ʃən

computation

Berechnung
Meaning
The action of mathematical calculation.
Example
Complex computation is required for AI models.
Komplexe Berechnungen sind für KI-Modelle erforderlich.
C1 noun /ˈkʌntrɪmən/

countryman

Landsmann
Meaning
a person from one's own country or rural area
Example
He was proud to meet a fellow countryman at the international conference.
Er war stolz, einen Landsmann auf der internationalen Konferenz zu treffen.
C1 adjective /ˈkɒz.mɪk/

cosmic

kosmisch, weitläufig
Meaning
relating to the universe or cosmos; vast
Example
Astronomers study cosmic phenomena to understand the universe.
Astronomen studieren kosmische Phänomene, um das Universum zu verstehen.
C1 noun /kəˈnʌn.drəm/

conundrum

kompliziertes Problem oder Rätsel
Meaning
A complex problem or puzzle without an easy solution
Example
The ethical conundrum puzzled the researchers.
Das ethische Dilemma verwirrte die Forscher.
B2 noun /ˌkɒmplɪˈkeɪʃən/

complication

Komplikation
Meaning
A problem or difficulty that makes a situation harder to deal with.
Example
His illness led to serious complications after surgery.
Seine Krankheit führte nach der Operation zu schweren Komplikationen.
C2 adjective /ˈkɒr.ə.ɡeɪ.tɪd/

corrugated

wellig oder gefaltet
Meaning
shaped into ridges and grooves; wrinkled or folded
Example
The roof was made of corrugated metal sheets.
Das Dach war aus welligen Metallplatten gemacht.
C2 noun /ˈkæbəˌlɪzəm/

cabalism

Kabalismus
Meaning
The doctrines, practices, or secretive dealings of a cabal.
Example
The historian wrote extensively about cabalism in the royal court.
Der Historiker schrieb ausführlich über Kabalismus am königlichen Hof.
B2 adjective /kənˈsek.jə.tɪv/

Consecutive

konsekutiv
Meaning
following each other in uninterrupted succession; sequential
Example
She won three consecutive matches in the tournament.
Sie gewann drei aufeinanderfolgende Spiele im Turnier.
C2 noun ˌsɜːkəmˈspekʃən

circumspection

Vorsicht, Vermeidung von Risiken
Meaning
The quality of being wary and unwilling to take risks; prudence.
Example
His circumspection ensured no mistakes were made.
Seine Vorsicht stellte sicher, dass keine Fehler gemacht wurden.
B2 noun /kənˈfɛʃən/

confession

Geständnis
Meaning
a statement admitting that one is guilty of a crime or has done something wrong
Example
The suspect made a full confession to the police.
Der Verdächtige legte der Polizei ein vollständiges Geständnis ab.
B2 noun /kənˈdʒes.tʃən/

congestion

Stau
Meaning
A situation in which a place is too blocked or crowded, causing difficulties.
Example
Urban congestion leads to longer travel times.
Städtische Staus führen zu längeren Reisezeiten.
B2 noun ˈsɜːrkjələr ɪˈkɒnəmi

circular economy

zirkuläre Wirtschaft
Meaning
An economic system aimed at eliminating waste and the continual use of resources through reuse, sharing, repair, refurbishment, remanufacturing and recycling.
Example
Adopting a circular economy can reduce waste.
Die Einführung einer zirkulären Wirtschaft kann Abfall reduzieren.
C1 noun ˈkɒnfluəns

confluence

Zusammenfluss
Meaning
An act or process of merging.
Example
The confluence of ideas from different cultures created a rich discussion.
Der Zusammenfluss von Ideen aus verschiedenen Kulturen schuf eine reiche Diskussion.
C1 noun /ˈkɒz.moʊs/

Cosmos

kosmos blume
Meaning
a colorful annual flower with daisy-like blooms and feathery foliage
Example
The cosmos flowers swayed gently in the summer breeze across the meadow.
Die Cosmos-Blumen schwangen sanft im Sommerwind über die Wiese.
C2 verb /kənˈvɑːlv/

convolve

zusammenrollen oder verdrehen; wickeln oder verweben
Meaning
to roll or twist together; to coil or entwine
Example
The vines convolve around the tree trunk.
Die Reben wickeln sich um den Baumstamm.
C1 noun /krəˈvæs/

crevasse

tiefe Spalte
Meaning
a deep crack in a glacier or the earth’s surface
Example
The climbers carefully crossed the icy crevasse.
Die Bergsteiger überquerten vorsichtig die eisige Spalte.
C2 adjective /ˈkɔːpjʊlənt/

corpulent

korpulent, dick
Meaning
fat or obese; having a large bulky body
Example
The corpulent man struggled to fit into the small chair.
Der corpulente Mann hatte Schwierigkeiten, in den kleinen Stuhl zu passen.
C2 noun /ˈklærɪən/

Clarion

klarinette
Meaning
a shrill narrow-tubed war trumpet; a medieval trumpet with a clear piercing tone
Example
The clarion sounded across the battlefield to signal the charge.
Das Klarinettensignal ertönte über das Schlachtfeld, um den Angriff anzukündigen.
B1 adjective /ˈtʃɪli/

chilly

kalt
Meaning
uncomfortably or unpleasantly cold
Example
It was a chilly morning in December.
Es war ein kalter Morgen im Dezember.
A2 verb /kəˈnɛkt/

connect

verbinden
Meaning
To join or fasten together; to establish a link or relationship.
Example
Social media helps us connect with others.
Soziale Medien helfen uns, mit anderen zu verbinden.
B2 noun /ˌsɜː.kjʊˈleɪ.ʃən/

circulation

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Meaning
The movement of blood through the body, or the movement of any fluid through a closed system.
Example
Proper circulation ensures that oxygen and nutrients reach every cell.
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B1 noun /ˈtʃɛərmən/

chairman

Glück
Meaning
the leader or head of a meeting, committee, or organization
Example
The chairman opened the meeting with a short speech.
Sie konnte ihr Glück nicht verbergen, als sie den Preis erhielt.
C1 noun /ˈkælɪbər/

caliber

Kaliber
Meaning
The quality of someone's ability or character; the internal diameter of a gun barrel.
Example
The university attracts students of high caliber.
Die Universität zieht Studenten von hohem Kaliber an.
C1 noun /krʌˈsteɪʃən/

crustacean

aquatisches Tier mit hartem Panzer
Meaning
an aquatic animal with a hard shell, such as crabs, lobsters, and shrimps
Example
Crabs and lobsters are well-known crustaceans.
Krabben und Hummer sind bekannte Krebstiere.
B2 adjective /ˈklæsɪfaɪd/

classified

klassifiziert; geheim
Meaning
arranged into categories; officially secret or restricted
Example
The report contains classified information and cannot be shared publicly.
Der Bericht enthält klassifizierte Informationen.
B2 noun /ˈsɜːrkɪt/

circuit

Kreis / elektrischer Weg
Meaning
A roughly circular line, route, or movement that starts and ends at the same place; also an electrical pathway.
Example
The runners completed the circuit around the park.
Die Läufer haben den Kreis rund um den Park beendet.
B2 noun /ˌkɑn.frənˈteɪ.ʃən/

Confrontation

Konfrontation
Meaning
a hostile or argumentative meeting or situation between opposing parties; direct challenge or opposition
Example
The confrontation between the two leaders ended without any agreement.
Die Konfrontation zwischen den beiden Führern endete ohne ein Ergebnis.
B1 noun /kənˌɡrætʃəˈleɪʃən/

congratulation

Glückwunsch
Meaning
an expression of praise or joy for someone’s achievement or good fortune
Example
She sent a congratulation to her friend on winning the award.
Sie schickte ihrer Freundin einen Glückwunsch zum Gewinn des Preises.
B2 noun kəˈmɒd.ə.ti

commodity

Ware
Meaning
A raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold.
Example
Oil is a valuable commodity in the global market.
Öl ist eine wertvolle Ware auf dem globalen Markt.
B1 noun /kæmˈpeɪn/

Campaign

Kampagne
Meaning
an organized course of action to achieve a particular goal; a series of military operations
Example
The environmental campaign successfully raised awareness about climate change.
Die Umweltkampagne hat erfolgreich das Bewusstsein für den Klimawandel geschärft.
C2 noun /ˌkɒnfəˈriː/

conferee

Teilnehmer der Konferenz
Meaning
a person who takes part in a conference
Example
Each conferee received a badge at the registration desk.
Jeder Teilnehmer der Konferenz erhielt ein Namensschild am Anmeldetisch.
C1 verb ˌkəʊ.əˈles

coalesce

verschmelzen
Meaning
Come together and form one mass or whole; unite to form one organization or group.
Example
The different theories coalesced into one unified idea.
Die verschiedenen Theorien verschmolzen zu einer vereinheitlichten Idee.
B2 adjective /ˌkɒn.fɪˈden.ʃəl/

Confidential

vertraulich; privat; dazu bestimmt, geheim gehalten zu werden
Meaning
secret; private; intended to be kept secret
Example
Please keep this information confidential.
Bitte halten Sie diese Informationen vertraulich.
B1 noun /ˈtʃær.ɪ.ti/

Charity

Wohltätigkeit; Großzügigkeit; Altruismus
Meaning
the voluntary giving of help to those in need; kindness and tolerance in judging others
Example
The wealthy businessman donated millions to charity for education.
Der wohlhabende Geschäftsmann spendete Millionen für wohltätige Zwecke im Bildungsbereich.
B2 verb /ˈklæsɪfaɪ/

classify

klassifizieren
Meaning
to arrange or organize into categories or groups
Example
The librarian classified the books by subject.
Der Bibliothekar klassifizierte die Bücher nach Themen.
B2 verb /ˈkærəktəraɪz/

characterize

charakterisieren
Meaning
to describe or portray the distinctive features or qualities of someone or something
Example
The author characterizes the hero as brave and selfless.
Der Autor charakterisiert den Helden als mutig und selbstlos.
C2 noun/verb /ˈkætˌkɔːl/

catcall

laute Pfeife oder Rufe der Missbilligung oder sexuellen Belästigung
Meaning
A loud whistle or shout of disapproval or sexual harassment directed at someone.
Example
The actress ignored the catcalls from the crowd.
Die Schauspielerin ignorierte die Catcalls aus der Menge.
C1 adjective ˌkɑːr.sɪ.nəˈdʒen.ɪk

carcinogenic

krebserregend
Meaning
Having the potential to cause cancer in living tissue.
Example
Processed meat contains carcinogenic compounds.
Verarbeitetes Fleisch enthält krebserregende Verbindungen.
A2 noun ˈsen.tərz

centers

zentren
Meaning
The middle point of a circle or sphere, equidistant from every point on the circumference or surface; a place or group of buildings where a specified activity is concentrated.
Example
Centers drive regional development.
Zentren treiben die regionale Entwicklung voran.
C1 noun kənˈsɔː.ti.əm

consortium

Konsortium
Meaning
An association of several companies or organizations formed to undertake an enterprise beyond the resources of any one member.
Example
The consortium worked collaboratively to build the cable.
Das Konsortium arbeitete gemeinsam an der Herstellung des Kabels.
B1 adjective /ˈkʌtɪŋ/

cutting

scharf
Meaning
sharp or severe, often used to describe remarks or actions
Example
Her cutting remarks made everyone feel uncomfortable.
Ihre scharfen Bemerkungen ließen alle unwohl fühlen.
B2 verb /kɑːrv/

carve

schnitzen
Meaning
To cut or shape something, especially wood or stone, into a desired form.
Example
The artist carved a beautiful statue out of marble.
Der Künstler schnitzte eine wunderschöne Statue aus Marmor.
A2 verb /kənˈtɪn.juːd/

continued

fortgesetzt
Meaning
Kept happening or carried on without stopping.
Example
She continued working despite the challenges.
Sie fuhr fort zu arbeiten, trotz der Herausforderungen.
B2 adjective ˈkʌl.ɪ.nər.i

culinary

kulinar
Meaning
Related to cooking or the preparation of food, especially in a sophisticated or professional manner.
Example
Culinary advancements enhance the dining experience.
Kulinarische Fortschritte verbessern das Esserlebnis.
C2 noun /ʃɪˈfɒn/

chiffon

Chiffon
Meaning
A lightweight, sheer fabric often used in dresses or scarves.
Example
She wore a beautiful chiffon dress at the party.
Sie trug ein schönes Chiffonkleid auf der Party.
C2 adjective /ˌser.ɪˈməʊ.ni.əs/

ceremonious

zeremoniell und höflich
Meaning
marked by formality, politeness, or strict observance of customs
Example
He gave her a ceremonious bow before entering the hall.
Er machte eine zeremonielle Verbeugung, bevor er den Raum betrat.
A2 noun /kəˈlek.ʃən/

Collection

Sammlung; Kollektion; Archiv
Meaning
a group of objects gathered together; the action or process of collecting
Example
She has an impressive collection of vintage books in her library.
Sie hat eine beeindruckende Sammlung von alten Büchern in ihrer Bibliothek.
A2 noun /kæp/

Cap

Kappe
Meaning
a head covering with a visor; a protective covering
Example
He wore a baseball cap to protect himself from the sun.
Er trug eine Baseballmütze, um sich vor der Sonne zu schützen.
C2 noun /ˌkæstɪˈɡeɪʃən/

castigation

harte Kritik oder Bestrafung
Meaning
Severe criticism or punishment for wrongdoing.
Example
The manager’s harsh castigation shocked the entire team.
Die harte Zurechtweisung des Managers schockierte das gesamte Team.
C1 noun /kræɡ/

crag

eine steile oder raue Klippe oder Felswand
Meaning
a steep or rugged cliff or rock face
Example
The hikers climbed the jagged crag to reach the summit.
Die Wanderer kletterten auf die zerklüftete Klippe, um den Gipfel zu erreichen.
C2 noun /ˌkɒnsæŋˈɡwɪnɪti/

consanguinity

Blutsverwandtschaft
Meaning
The fact of being descended from the same ancestor; blood relationship.
Example
The degree of consanguinity was important in inheritance laws.
Der Grad der Blutsverwandtschaft war in Erbschaftsgesetzen wichtig.
B2 verb /siːs/

cease

aufhören
Meaning
to bring or come to an end; to stop doing something
Example
The noise ceased as soon as the children went inside.
Der Lärm hörte auf, sobald die Kinder hineingingen.
B1 noun /ˈkɒliːɡ/

colleague

Kollege
Meaning
a person with whom one works, especially in a profession or business
Example
She invited her colleagues to the office party.
Sie hat ihre Kollegen zur Bürofeier eingeladen.
B2 noun /kraɪst/

christ

Christus
Meaning
the title given to Jesus, considered the Messiah in Christianity
Example
Christ is central to Christian faith.
Christus ist zentral für den christlichen Glauben.
C2 verb /kənˈdəʊl/

condole

Beileid ausdrücken
Meaning
To express sympathy for someone who is suffering or grieving.
Example
Neighbors came to condole with the family after the tragedy.
Die Nachbarn kamen, um der Familie nach der Tragödie Beileid auszudrücken.
B1 verb /kleɪm/

claim

beanspruchen
Meaning
to assert ownership; to state as fact
Example
He claims to be the rightful owner.
Er beansprucht der rechtmäßige Besitzer zu sein.
C1 noun /ˌkɒrəˈneɪʃən/

coronation

Krönung
Meaning
the act or ceremony of crowning a sovereign or monarch
Example
The coronation of the new king was attended by thousands of people.
Die Krönung des neuen Königs wurde von tausenden Menschen besucht.
C2 noun /ˈkælvɪnɪzəm/

calvinism

kalvinismus
Meaning
A Protestant theological system based on John Calvin’s teachings, emphasizing predestination and the sovereignty of God.
Example
Calvinism played a major role in shaping Protestant theology.
Der Kalvinismus spielte eine wichtige Rolle bei der Formulierung der protestantischen Theologie.
C1 adjective /kənˈtɛmptʃuəs/

contemptuous

verachtend, abschätzig
Meaning
showing or expressing contempt; scornful
Example
She gave him a contemptuous glance.
Sie warf ihm einen verachtenden Blick zu.