C2 noun /ˌvælɪˈdɪkʃən/

valediction

告别辞

Meaning

The act of saying farewell; a formal goodbye.

Example

The professor gave a touching valediction at his retirement ceremony.

教授在退休仪式上发表了感人的告别辞。

C1 noun /ˈvʌl.tʃər/

Vulture

秃鹫

Meaning

a large bird of prey that feeds mainly on carrion

Example

The vulture circled overhead, waiting for its prey.

秃鹫在上空盘旋，等待着它的猎物。

A2 noun /ˈvɪzɪtər/

visitor

游客

Meaning

a person who goes to see a place or someone for a short time

Example

The museum had many visitors last weekend.

博物馆上周末有很多游客。

B1 noun /vɒlˈkeɪ.noʊ/

Volcano

幸福

Meaning

a mountain with an opening through which lava, gas, and ash can escape

Example

The volcano erupted after being dormant for decades.

她在获得奖项时无法隐藏自己的幸福。

B2 verb /ˈvaɪəleɪt/

violate

违反

Meaning

to break or go against a rule or law; to disrespect

Example

Parking here violates the city regulations.

在这里停车违反了城市规定。

C2 adjective /vərˈmɪkjələr/

vermicular

像虫子一样

Meaning

having a shape or appearance like a worm; worm-like

Example

The artist used a vermicular design to decorate the border of the manuscript.

艺术家用虫子一样的设计装饰手稿的边缘。

C2 adjective /vaɪˈtjuːpərəbl̩/

vituperable

应受指责的

Meaning

Deserving of blame, censure, or harsh criticism.

Example

His reckless actions made him vituperable in the eyes of his colleagues.

他鲁莽的行为使他在同事眼中变得应受指责的。

C1 adjective /vɪˈveɪʃəs/

vivacious

充满活力

Meaning

Attractively lively and animated.

Example

She was admired for her vivacious personality.

她因其充满活力的个性而受到赞赏。

C1 adjective /ˈven.ə.məs/

Venomous

有毒的; 恶意的;

Meaning

secreting venom; full of malice or spite; extremely hostile

Example

The venomous snake struck quickly at its prey.

毒蛇迅速袭击了它的猎物。

C2 verb /ˈvɪʃieɪt/

vitiate

败坏

Meaning

to spoil, weaken, or make something less effective

Example

One careless remark can vitiate the entire argument.

一句不小心的话可能会破坏整个论点。

C2 noun /ˌvɛrɪsɪˈmɪlɪtjuːd/

verisimilitude

逼真

Meaning

the appearance of being true or real

Example

The movie was praised for its verisimilitude to actual events.

这部电影因其与实际事件的逼真感而受到称赞。

C2 noun /ˈvɪtrioʊl/

vitriol

尖刻的批评

Meaning

harsh and bitter criticism

Example

The politician faced vitriol from the public.

政治家遭受了公众的尖刻批评。

C1 adjective /vɜːrˈboʊs/

verbose

冗长

Meaning

Using or expressed in more words than are needed; wordy.

Example

His verbose explanation confused the audience instead of clarifying the issue.

他冗长的解释使观众感到困惑，而不是澄清问题。

B2 adjective /ˈvɜː.sə.taɪl/

versatile

多才多艺

Meaning

Able to adapt or be adapted to many different functions or activities; having many uses or applications.

Example

He is a versatile musician who can play multiple instruments.

他是一个多才多艺的音乐家，能演奏多种乐器。

B1 noun /ˈvoʊtɪŋ/

voting

投票

Meaning

the act of making a choice in an election or decision by casting a vote

Example

Voting is an important part of a democratic society.

投票是民主社会的重要组成部分。

C2 adjective /veɪnˈɡlɔːriəs/

vainglorious

自负的

Meaning

Excessively proud of oneself or one’s achievements; boastful.

Example

The vainglorious leader boasted about his minor achievements.

那个自负的领导者炫耀着他的微不足道的成就。

C2 noun /ˈvoʊtəri/

votary

信徒

Meaning

A devoted follower or admirer of someone or something.

Example

He is a votary of classical music and attends every concert.

他是古典音乐的信徒，每场音乐会都会参加。

A1 noun /ˈvedʒ.tə.bəlz/

Vegetables

蔬菜

Meaning

plants or parts of plants that are eaten as food, such as peas, beans, cabbage, potatoes, onions, or carrots

Example

We should eat more vegetables to maintain a healthy diet.

我们应该多吃蔬菜来保持健康的饮食。

C1 adverb /ˈvaɪtəli/

vitally

至关重要地

Meaning

in an extremely important or essential way; in a manner relating to life or vitality

Example

Access to clean water is vitally important for public health.

获得清洁的水对公共健康至关重要。

C1 noun ˈvɜːmɪn

vermin

小型有害的动物或昆虫，难以控制且传播疾病

Meaning

Small harmful animals or insects that are difficult to control and carry disease.

Example

The house was infested with vermin, requiring immediate action.

房子被害虫侵扰，需要立即采取行动。

C1 noun /ˌvəʊ.kəl.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/

vocalization

发声，表达思想或情感的语言

Meaning

The action of producing sounds with the voice; the expression of thoughts or feelings in spoken words.

Example

The vocalization of the singer captivated the audience.

歌手的发声吸引了观众。

C1 adjective /vəˈluː.mə.nəs/

voluminous

庞大, 宽广, 巨大

Meaning

Occupying or containing much space; large in volume, in particular.

Example

The library contained a voluminous collection of books.

图书馆里有一个庞大的书籍收藏。

C2 adjective /vɪˈtjuːpərətɪv/

vituperative

辱骂的

Meaning

Characterized by abusive or harsh language.

Example

The teacher’s vituperative remarks left the students in tears.

老师的辱骂言辞让学生们泪流满面。

C2 noun /vɜːrˈtuː/

virtu

对艺术的爱好

Meaning

a love of or taste for fine art, antiques, or curiosities

Example

The collector’s house was filled with objects of virtu.

收藏家的房子里充满了虚拟的物品。

C1 adverb /ˈvælɪdli/

validly

合法地

Meaning

in a legally, logically, or officially acceptable manner

Example

The contract was validly signed by both parties.

合同已由双方合法地签署。

C2 noun /vɜːrv/

verve

活力

Meaning

Great enthusiasm, spirit, or energy in expression or performance.

Example

The actor performed his role with remarkable verve.

这位演员以惊人的活力表演了他的角色。

B2 verb /ˈvæksɪneɪt/

vaccinate

接种

Meaning

to give a vaccine to protect against a disease

Example

Children are usually vaccinated before starting school.

孩子们通常在上学前会接种疫苗。

B2 verb /ˈvælɪdeɪt/

validate

验证

Meaning

To check or prove the accuracy, truth, or legality of something.

Example

The scientist worked hard to validate the experiment's results.

科学家努力验证实验结果。

C2 adjective /ˈvækjuəs/

vacuous

空洞

Meaning

Having or showing a lack of thought or intelligence; mindless.

Example

She gave a vacuous smile during the serious discussion.

她在严肃的讨论中露出了空洞的笑容。

C1 noun ˈvæljuː beɪst ˌɛdjuːˈkeɪʃən

value-based education

基于价值的教育

Meaning

Education that emphasizes moral principles and ethical values.

Example

Value-based education shapes moral character.

基于价值的教育塑造了道德品格。

C2 noun /ˈvaɪnəri/

vinery

葡萄园

Meaning

A place where vines are cultivated, especially a vineyard or greenhouse for vines.

Example

The old vinery was filled with grapevines.

旧的葡萄园里满是葡萄藤。

B2 noun /ˈvæljuː ˌprɒpəˈzɪʃən/

value proposition

一份说明产品或服务提供给客户的独特价值或好处的声明

Meaning

A statement that explains the unique benefits or value that a product or service offers to customers.

Example

A clear value proposition attracts more customers.

明确的价值主张吸引更多的客户。

C2 noun /vɛkˈseɪʃən/

vexation

烦恼

Meaning

the state of being annoyed, frustrated, or worried

Example

She could not hide her vexation after the repeated delays.

她在反复的延迟后，无法掩饰她的烦恼。

B1 noun /ˈvæk.siːn/

Vaccine

疫苗

Meaning

a substance that is put into the body to prevent a disease

Example

The COVID-19 vaccine has helped reduce severe illness.

COVID-19疫苗有助于减少重症疾病。

C2 noun /ˈvæsəl/

vassal

附庸

Meaning

A person or country in a subordinate position to another, especially in feudal times under a lord.

Example

The king granted land to his vassal in return for loyalty and service.

国王为他的附庸提供土地，以换取忠诚和服务。

C2 adjective /ˈvɪsɪd/

viscid

粘稠

Meaning

Having a thick, sticky consistency.

Example

The sap had a viscid texture that stuck to his hands.

树汁有一种粘稠的质地，粘在他的手上。

B2 noun /ˌvɛrɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

verification

验证

Meaning

The process of establishing the truth, accuracy, or validity of something.

Example

The bank requires verification of identity before opening an account.

银行在开设账户之前需要进行身份验证。

C2 adjective /ˈvɒkətɪv/

vocative

呼格

Meaning

relating to a case in grammar used for directly addressing someone

Example

In Latin, the vocative case is used when directly calling someone by name.

在拉丁语中，呼格用来直接用名字呼唤某人。

C2 noun vəˈlɪʃən

volition

意志

Meaning

The faculty or power of using one's will; the power of choosing or determining.

Example

She left the job of her own volition.

她是自愿离开工作的。

B2 adjective /ˈvɪʃ.əs/

Vicious

恶毒的; 残忍的; 野性的

Meaning

deliberately cruel or violent; having a savage nature

Example

The vicious dog attacked anyone who came near its territory.

那只恶狗攻击任何接近其领土的人。

C2 adjective /ˈvjuː.ləs/

Viewless

不可见的；没有观点的

Meaning

invisible; having no views or opinions

Example

The ghost remained viewless to most people in the haunted house.

鬼魂对大多数人来说在鬼屋里是不可见的。

C2 verb /ˈvɪtrɪfaɪ/

vitrify

转变为玻璃

Meaning

to turn into glass or a glass-like substance by heat

Example

Sand can vitrify under intense heat.

沙子在强烈的热量下可以转变为玻璃。

B1 noun /ˈvɜːr.ʒən/

Version

版本; 形式; 叙述

Meaning

a particular form or variation of something; an account of an event

Example

This is the latest version of the software.

这是软件的最新版本。

B1 noun /ˈvaɪrəs/

virus

病毒

Meaning

A tiny infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of an organism.

Example

The computer was infected with a dangerous virus.

计算机感染了一个危险的病毒。

C1 verb /ˈvɛnəˌreɪt/

venerate

敬仰

Meaning

to regard with great respect; revere

Example

People venerate saints for their holiness.

人们敬仰圣人，因为他们的圣洁。

B1 noun /ˈvæl.juː/

Value

价值; 价格; 重要性

Meaning

the importance or worth of something; the amount of money that something is worth

Example

This antique vase has great sentimental value to our family.

这个古董花瓶对我们家来说具有很大的情感价值。

A2 noun /ˈvɒlibɔːl/

volleyball

排球

Meaning

a team sport in which players hit a ball over a high net using their hands

Example

She plays volleyball with her friends every weekend.

她每个周末都和朋友一起打排球。

C1 noun /ˌvaɪ.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/

viability

可行性

Meaning

Ability to work successfully; feasibility.

Example

The viability of the project depends on funding.

项目的可行性取决于资金。

C2 adjective /ˈviː.ni.əl/

Venial

可原谅的；不严重错误；轻微的

Meaning

forgivable; not seriously wrong; minor

Example

His late arrival was considered a venial offense.

他的迟到被认为是一个可原谅的过错。

B1 noun /ˈviːzə/

visa

签证

Meaning

an official authorization or permission to enter, leave, or stay in a country

Example

She applied for a visa to study abroad.

她申请了签证以便出国留学。

C1 verb /ˈvɪn.dɪ.keɪt/

vindicate

辩护

Meaning

To clear someone of blame or suspicion; to show or prove to be right, reasonable, or justified.

Example

The new evidence helped vindicate the wrongly accused man.

新的证据帮助为被错误指控的男子辩护。

B2 noun /vɜːrs/

verse

诗句

Meaning

A line of writing in poetry; a section of a song or poem.

Example

She wrote a beautiful verse for the wedding ceremony.

她为婚礼仪式写了一首美丽的诗句。

B2 noun /ˌvaɪ.əˈleɪ.ʃən/

Violation

违反; 违反规则

Meaning

the action of violating someone or something; the action of breaking or failing to comply with a rule or formal agreement

Example

The company was fined for violation of environmental regulations.

该公司因违反环境法规而被罚款。

B2 noun ˈvaɪtəl rɪˈsɔːrsɪz

vital resources

重要资源

Meaning

Essential assets or supplies that are crucial for survival and development.

Example

Water is one of Bangladesh's vital resources.

水是孟加拉国的重要资源之一。

C2 verb /ˈvɛəriəˌɡeɪt/

variegate

使多样化

Meaning

To diversify or mark with different colors or patterns.

Example

The artist used different shades to variegate the design.

艺术家使用不同的阴影来使设计变得多样化。

C2 noun /ˌvɑːljəˈbɪləti/

volubility

健谈

Meaning

The quality of talking fluently, readily, or incessantly.

Example

His volubility made him a successful radio host.

他的健谈使他成为一名成功的广播主持人。

C1 adjective /ˈvɪrjʊlənt/

virulent

极其有害

Meaning

Extremely severe or harmful in its effects.

Example

The virulent disease spread rapidly across the region.

这种病毒性疾病迅速在该地区传播。

B2 noun /ˌvʌl.nər.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/

vulnerability

脆弱性

Meaning

The quality or state of being exposed to the possibility of being attacked or harmed.

Example

Addressing vulnerability is crucial for stability.

解决脆弱性对于稳定性至关重要。

C1 adjective /ˈvɑːlətl/

volatile

波动的

Meaning

likely to change rapidly and unpredictably, especially for the worse

Example

The stock market is extremely volatile these days.

股市这些天极其波动。

B1 abbreviation /vərsəs/

vs

对抗

Meaning

used to indicate opposition or contrast between two things

Example

The match was Brazil vs Argentina in the final.

比赛是巴西对抗阿根廷的决赛。

C1 adjective /ˈvæljuːləs/

valueless

毫无价值

Meaning

having no worth, importance, or usefulness

Example

The old broken phone was considered valueless.

那部旧坏掉的手机被认为是毫无价值的。

C1 verb /vəˈkeɪt/

vacate

腾出

Meaning

to leave a place; to make empty by leaving

Example

The tenants must vacate the apartment by the end of the month.

房客必须在月底前腾出公寓。

B2 noun /ˈvel.vɪt/

Velvet

天鹅绒

Meaning

a soft, luxurious fabric with a thick, short pile on one side

Example

The royal curtains were made of rich red velvet.

皇家窗帘是用富有的红色天鹅绒做的。

C1 noun ˌvæljuˈeɪʃən

valuation

估价

Meaning

An estimation of the worth of something.

Example

The valuation of the property was much higher than expected.

该物业的评估远高于预期。

C1 noun /vɪnˈjɛt/

vignette

小品

Meaning

A short, descriptive piece of writing or a brief scene.

Example

The author included a poignant vignette in the introduction of the book.

作者在书的序言中加入了一篇感人的小品。

C1 verb /ˈviːtoʊ/

veto

否决

Meaning

to reject or forbid a decision, proposal, or law

Example

The president decided to veto the new bill.

总统决定否决这项新法案。

C1 noun /ˈvenɪsən/

Venison

鹿肉

Meaning

meat from a deer used as food

Example

The restaurant serves delicious venison steaks.

这家餐厅提供美味的鹿肉牛排。

B1 preposition /ˈvɜːsəs/

versus

对抗

Meaning

against (in a competition or conflict)

Example

The team is playing versus their biggest rivals.

团队正在与他们最大的竞争对手对抗。

B2 verb /ˈvænɪʃ/

vanish

消失

Meaning

to disappear suddenly; to become invisible

Example

The magician made the rabbit vanish from the hat.

魔术师让兔子从帽子里消失了。

A2 noun /væn/

van

货车

Meaning

a large vehicle used for transporting goods or people

Example

The delivery van stopped in front of our house.

送货车停在我们家门前。

C2 noun /ˈvɜːrdɪɡriːs/

verdigris

铜绿

Meaning

A green or bluish deposit that forms on copper, brass, or bronze surfaces due to oxidation.

Example

The old statue was covered in verdigris after years of exposure to the rain.

那座古老的雕像在多年暴露于雨水中后，覆盖了一层铜绿。

C1 noun /ˈvɔːrtɛks/

vortex

漩涡

Meaning

A mass of whirling fluid or air, especially a whirlpool or whirlwind.

Example

The plane was caught in a dangerous vortex of air.

飞机被困在一个危险的气流漩涡中。

B1 adjective /ˈvɪz.ə.bəl/

Visible

可见的; 清晰的; 显而易见的

Meaning

able to be seen; noticeable; apparent

Example

The mountain peak was clearly visible from our hotel room.

山峰从我们的酒店房间中清晰可见。

C2 adjective /ˈveɪpərəs/

Vaporous

蒸汽的; 模糊的

Meaning

consisting of vapor; vague or insubstantial

Example

The morning air was filled with vaporous mist.

早晨的空气充满了蒸汽般的雾气。

C1 noun /ˈves.tɪdʒ/

Vestige

痕迹

Meaning

a trace or remnant of something that is disappearing or no longer exists

Example

No vestige of the ancient city remains.

古老城市的痕迹已经不再存在。

C1 adjective /ˈvɛnəˌreɪtɪd/

venerated

受人尊敬的

Meaning

respected and admired deeply

Example

The venerated professor was honored with an award.

这位受人尊敬的教授获得了奖项。

C1 adverb/adjective /vɜːˈbeɪ.tɪm/

verbatim

逐字或逐句

Meaning

In exactly the same words as were used originally; word for word repetition.

Example

She repeated his instructions verbatim to avoid errors.

她逐字重复了他的指示，以避免错误。

C2 adjective /ˈvɪndɪkətɔːri/

vindicatory

辩护的

Meaning

Serving to justify, clear of blame, or defend.

Example

His vindicatory remarks restored his reputation.

他的辩护性评论恢复了他的声誉。

B2 adverb /ˈvɜː.tʃu.ə.li/

Virtually

几乎; 实际上;

Meaning

nearly; almost; in effect though not in name

Example

The building was virtually destroyed in the earthquake.

这座建筑在地震中几乎被摧毁。

C2 adjective /vəˈreɪʃəs/

veracious

真实的

Meaning

Truthful, honest; habitually speaking the truth.

Example

She gave a veracious account of what happened that day.

她给出了那天发生的事情的真实描述。

C1 noun /vəˈnɪər/

veneer

幸福

Meaning

A thin decorative covering of fine wood applied to a coarser wood or other material; a superficially attractive appearance.

Example

The table was covered with a thin veneer of mahogany.

当她收到奖项时，她无法掩饰自己的幸福。

C2 adjective /ˈviːnəl/

venal

贪污的

Meaning

willing to do dishonest things in return for money; corrupt

Example

The politician was accused of being venal and corrupt.

这位政治家被指控为贪污腐化。

C1 verb /ˈvɪktɪmaɪz/

victimize

迫害

Meaning

To make someone a victim, often by treating them unfairly or cruelly.

Example

The corrupt officials victimized the poor villagers.

腐败的官员对贫困的村民进行了迫害。

C1 adjective /ˈvɛdʒɪtətɪv/

vegetative

与生长或生命的基本过程相关，通常没有意识的思考或活动

Meaning

relating to growth or the basic processes of life, often without conscious thought or activity

Example

The patient remained in a vegetative state after the accident.

事故发生后，病人保持在植物状态。

C2 adjective /vɛˈstɪdʒiəl/

vestigial

遗迹的

Meaning

Relating to a small, undeveloped remnant of something that was once much larger or more functional.

Example

Humans have a vestigial tailbone that no longer serves its original purpose.

人类有一个遗迹的尾骨，它不再执行其原始功能。

C1 noun ˌvɒl.əˈtɪl.ɪ.ti

volatility

波动性

Meaning

Liability to change rapidly and unpredictably, especially for the worse; instability.

Example

The stock market's volatility makes investment risky.

股市的波动性使投资变得有风险。

C1 noun /vəˈlɒs.ɪ.ti/

velocity

速度

Meaning

Speed or acceleration, the rate of movement of any object or vehicle.

Example

High velocity trains reduce travel time significantly.

高速列车显著减少了旅行时间。

B2 noun /ˈvɜː.tʃu.əl riˈæl.ɪ.ti/

virtual reality

虚拟现实

Meaning

Computer technology that creates an artificial three-dimensional environment where users can feel like they are in a real environment.

Example

Virtual reality (VR) is widely used in gaming and training simulations.

虚拟现实（VR）在游戏和训练模拟中被广泛使用。

C2 verb /voʊˈsɪfəˌreɪt/

vociferate

大声抗议

Meaning

to shout, complain, or argue loudly or vehemently

Example

The protesters vociferated against the unfair law.

抗议者大声抗议不公平的法律。

C2 noun /ˈvɪzɪdʒ/

visage

幸福

Meaning

A person's face or facial expression.

Example

Her stern visage intimidated the children.

她获得奖项时，无法掩饰她的幸福。

C2 adjective /ˌvælɪˈdɪktəri/

valedictory

告别的

Meaning

Serving as a farewell or parting; relating to a valediction.

Example

He delivered a valedictory speech at the conference.

他在会议上做了告别演讲。

C1 noun /viˈoʊlə/ or /ˈvaɪələ/

viola

维奥拉

Meaning

A stringed instrument slightly larger than a violin, with a deeper and mellower tone.

Example

She chose to play the viola in the school orchestra.

她选择在学校管弦乐队中演奏维奥拉。

A2 noun /vəˈkæbjʊləri/

vocabulary

词汇

Meaning

the set of words known and used by a person, group, or language; the words used in a particular field or subject

Example

Reading every day helps improve your vocabulary.

每天阅读有助于提高你的词汇量。

C2 noun /voʊˈsɪfərəns/

vociferance

大声喊叫

Meaning

the act of shouting or making a loud outcry

Example

The vociferance of the protesters filled the streets.

抗议者的呼喊声充满了街道。

B2 adjective /veɪɡ/

Vague

模糊; 不确定

Meaning

unclear or uncertain in meaning; not clearly expressed

Example

His explanation was too vague for me to understand.

他的解释太模糊，我无法理解。

B2 adjective /ˈvɜːrtɪkl/

vertical

垂直

Meaning

Standing or pointing straight up; perpendicular to the ground.

Example

The skyscraper has a perfectly vertical design.

这座摩天大楼有一个完美的垂直设计。

B2 adjective /ˈvɛriənt/

Variant

变体；不同版本

Meaning

differing in form, details, or in some other respect; alternative

Example

There are several variant spellings of this word.

这个词有几个变体。

A1 noun /ˈvɪlɪdʒ/

village

村庄

Meaning

a small community or group of houses in a rural area

Example

They live in a small village surrounded by mountains.

他们住在一个被山脉环绕的小村庄里。

C1 adjective /ˈveɪɡrənt/

Vagrant

流浪; 无家可归

Meaning

wandering aimlessly; having no settled home

Example

The vagrant man was asking for food near the station.

流浪汉在车站附近乞讨食物。

B1 noun /ˈvɪn.ɪ.ɡər/

Vinegar

醋

Meaning

a sour liquid made from fermented alcohol, used for cooking and preserving

Example

I added vinegar to the salad dressing for extra flavor.

我在沙拉酱里加了醋，以增加味道。

B1 noun /vəˈraɪəti/

Variety

多样性; 种类

Meaning

the quality of being different or diverse; a number of things of the same general class that are distinct in character or quality

Example

The restaurant offers a wide variety of international dishes.

这家餐厅提供种类繁多的国际菜肴。

C1 noun /ˈvænɡɑːrd/

vanguard

先锋

Meaning

the forefront of an action, movement, or military force

Example

The company is at the vanguard of technological innovation.

该公司处于技术创新的先锋地位。

C1 noun /ˌvɜːrtʃuˈoʊsoʊ/

virtuoso

艺术大师

Meaning

A person highly skilled in music, art, or another artistic pursuit.

Example

The pianist is a true virtuoso, captivating audiences worldwide.

这位钢琴家是真正的艺术大师，吸引着全球的观众。

B2 noun/verb ˈven.tʃər

venture

冒险，企业，创业

Meaning

A risky or daring journey or undertaking; a business enterprise involving considerable risk.

Example

His new venture into e-commerce proved successful.

他在电子商务方面的新事业取得了成功。

C2 adjective /vaɪˈkɛəriəs/

vicarious

幸福

Meaning

experienced through the feelings or actions of another person

Example

She felt vicarious excitement watching her son win the award.

当她获得奖项时，她无法掩饰自己的幸福。

C1 noun /ˈvɪdʒ.ɪ.ləns/

vigilance

警觉

Meaning

The action or state of keeping careful watch for possible danger or difficulties.

Example

Constant vigilance is required in cybersecurity.

在网络安全中，持续的警觉是必需的。

C2 adjective /ˈvɒl.jʊ.bəl/

Voluble

多话的; 话多的

Meaning

speaking fluently and readily; talkative; having a continuous flow of words

Example

The voluble salesman talked for hours about his products.

多话的销售员谈了几个小时关于他的产品。

眩晕的

Meaning

Causing dizziness due to great height or steepness.

Example

The tourists looked down from the vertiginous cliffs with awe.

游客从眩晕的悬崖上低头望去，满怀敬畏。