tutelage
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C2 noun /ˈtjuːtɪlɪdʒ/

tutelage

教导
Meaning
The act of guarding, protecting, or guiding; instruction or teaching.
Example
She studied painting under the tutelage of a famous artist.
她在一位著名艺术家的指导下学习绘画。
C2 adjective /eɪˈsɛptɪk/

aseptic

无菌的
Meaning
Free from contamination caused by harmful microorganisms; sterile.
Example
Surgeons must work in an aseptic environment to prevent infection.
外科医生必须在无菌环境中工作，以防止感染。
B2 noun /dɪˈveləpər/

developer

开发者
Meaning
a person or company that creates software, buildings, or land projects
Example
She works as a software developer at a tech company.
她在一家技术公司担任软件开发者。
C2 noun ˌæɡ.roʊˈfɔːr.ɪ.stri

agroforestry

农业林业
Meaning
A land use management system in which trees or shrubs are grown around or among crops or pastureland.
Example
Agroforestry improves soil quality and crop yield.
农业林业改善了土壤质量和作物产量。
C2 adjective /ʌnˈflɛdʒd/

unfledged

未经训练的
Meaning
Inexperienced, immature, or not fully developed.
Example
The unfledged writer struggled to complete his first novel.
这个未经训练的作家难以完成他的第一本小说。
C1 verb /əˈbaʊnd/

abound

充满
Meaning
To exist in large numbers or amounts.
Example
Opportunities abound in the field of technology.
在技术领域，机会比比皆是。
C2 noun /djuːˈɛnə/

duenna

女家庭教师
Meaning
an older woman acting as a governess or chaperone, especially in Spanish families
Example
The young lady was accompanied by a duenna during the festival.
年轻女士在节日期间由一位杜埃纳陪同。
B1 verb /oʊ/

owe

欠债
Meaning
to be under obligation to pay or repay; to be indebted
Example
I owe my success to my parents' support.
我将我的成功归功于父母的支持。
C1 adjective /lʌʃ/

lush

富饶，丰盈且奢华，尤其是指植物
Meaning
rich, abundant, and luxurious, especially referring to vegetation
Example
The valley was filled with lush green fields.
山谷里充满了绿油油的田野。
C2 noun ˈpɑː.stər.ə.lɪ.zəm

pastoralism

牧羊主义, 以草为基础的放牧系统
Meaning
A form of animal husbandry where domesticated animals are released onto large vegetated outdoor lands for grazing.
Example
Pastoralism is a traditional way of managing livestock.
牧羊主义是传统的牲畜管理方式。
B1 noun /ˈviː.ɪ.kəlz/

Vehicles

交通工具
Meaning
machines used for transporting people or goods from one place to another
Example
There are many different types of vehicles on the road today.
今天路上有许多不同类型的交通工具。
C2 noun /dʒuːt/

jute

黄麻
Meaning
a long, soft, shiny plant fiber used to make rope, bags, sacks, and coarse cloth
Example
Jute is widely used to make eco-friendly bags and ropes.
黄麻常用于制作环保袋。
C1 verb ˈdiː.vi.eɪt

deviate

偏离
Meaning
To depart from an established course or normal pattern.
Example
He tends to deviate from the original plan.
他倾向于偏离原计划。
B2 noun /ˈder.ɪŋ/

Daring

大胆; 愿意冒险
Meaning
adventurous courage; willingness to take risks
Example
The mountain climber's daring impressed everyone at the base camp.
登山者的大胆令基地营的每个人都印象深刻。
C1 noun /hɪpˈnoʊsɪs/

hypnosis

催眠
Meaning
A trance-like state of consciousness usually induced by suggestion.
Example
She underwent hypnosis to overcome her fear of flying.
她进行了催眠，以克服她对飞行的恐惧。
A2 noun ˈwɔː.nɪŋ

warning

警告
Meaning
A statement or event that indicates a possible or impending danger, problem, or other unpleasant situation.
Example
Warnings about rising temperatures demand urgent action.
关于上升温度的警告需要紧急行动。
A2 adjective /ˈfɪnɪʃt/

finished

完成, 结束
Meaning
completed or brought to an end
Example
The painting is finished and ready to display.
这幅画已经完成，准备展示。
C2 noun /proʊˈdʒɛnɪtər/

progenitor

祖先
Meaning
a direct ancestor; a person or thing that originates something
Example
Researchers traced the custom back to a common progenitor.
研究人员追溯了这个习俗，发现它源自一个共同的祖先。
C1 noun /ˈniːdəlwɜːrk/

needlework

针线活, 刺绣
Meaning
The craft of sewing, embroidery, or knitting done with a needle.
Example
Her grandmother taught her the art of needlework.
她的祖母教她针线活的艺术。
C2 noun /ɑːmz/

alms

施舍
Meaning
Money, food, or goods given to the poor as charity.
Example
The monk distributed alms to the needy villagers.
僧侣把施舍分发给贫穷的村民。
C1 noun /rɪˈkɜr.əns/

Recurrence

复发
Meaning
the fact of something happening again; an instance of something happening again
Example
The doctor was concerned about the recurrence of the patient's symptoms.
医生对病人症状的复发感到担忧。
C2 noun /ˌdʒer.ɪˈmaɪ.æd/

Jeremiad

长篇哀叹; 痛苦的抱怨; 灾难清单
Meaning
a long mournful complaint or lamentation; a list of woes; a prolonged expression of grief
Example
The newspaper editorial was a jeremiad about the decline of moral values in society.
报纸的社论是一篇关于社会道德价值观衰退的杰雷米亚德。
B2 noun /ədˈmɪnɪstreɪtər/

administrator

Meaning
a person responsible for running or managing an organization or system
Example
The school administrator implemented new policies for students.
C1 verb /skʌlpt/

sculpt

幸福
Meaning
to create or shape something by carving or molding
Example
The artist sculpted a beautiful statue from marble.
她在获得奖项时无法掩饰自己的幸福。
C1 adjective /ˈvɛlvəti/

velvety

幸福
Meaning
having a smooth, soft texture like velvet
Example
She spoke in a low, velvety voice.
她收到奖项时，无法掩饰她的幸福。
C1 adjective /ˈɑːr.dənt/

Ardent

热情的; 狂热的; 激情的
Meaning
very enthusiastic; passionate; fervent
Example
She is an ardent supporter of environmental conservation.
她是环保事业的热情支持者。
C2 noun /klaɪm/

clime

气候带
Meaning
A region defined by its climate.
Example
He traveled to warmer climes during the winter.
他在冬天去温暖的气候带旅行。
C1 noun /vəˈræs.ə.ti/

veracity

真实性
Meaning
Conformity to facts; accuracy and truthfulness.
Example
The journalist checked the veracity of the report.
记者核实了报告的真实性。
C2 verb /ˈvɪʃieɪt/

vitiate

败坏
Meaning
to spoil, weaken, or make something less effective
Example
One careless remark can vitiate the entire argument.
一句不小心的话可能会破坏整个论点。
B1 noun /peɪs/

pace

步伐
Meaning
the speed at which something happens or is done
Example
She walked at a slow pace.
她走得很慢。
B2 noun /ˈdɔː.weɪ/

doorway

门口
Meaning
the space where a door opens into a room or building
Example
She stood in the doorway waiting for him to arrive.
她站在门口，等待他的到来。
C2 adjective /ˈfɜːr.vɪd/

Fervid

热情的; 极为热衷的; 满怀激情的
Meaning
passionate; intensely enthusiastic; burning with emotion
Example
She gave a fervid speech about environmental protection.
她发表了一篇关于环境保护的热情演讲。
C1 adjective /həˈred.ɪ.ter.i/

Hereditary

遗传的; 从祖先传承
Meaning
passed down through family genes; inherited from ancestors
Example
The hereditary disease was passed down through generations.
遗传性疾病通过几代人传递。
B2 verb /hɔːnt/

haunt

困扰
Meaning
to trouble persistently; to visit as a ghost
Example
The old memories still haunt me.
旧的记忆仍然困扰着我。
C2 adjective /ˈæməˌtɔːri/

amatory

与爱相关的
Meaning
Relating to or expressing sexual love.
Example
The poet’s verses were filled with amatory themes.
诗人的诗句充满了爱情主题。
C2 adjective /dɪˈrɒɡətɪv/

derogative

贬低的
Meaning
Expressing a low opinion or showing lack of respect.
Example
He made a derogative remark about her work.
他对她的工作做了贬低的评论。
C1 adjective /pəˈfʌŋk.tər.i/

perfunctory

敷衍
Meaning
done without much effort, interest, or thought
Example
He gave a perfunctory nod and walked away.
他草率地点了点头然后走开了。
C1 noun /ˈhaɪ.nəs/

Highness

陛下; 王室头衔
Meaning
a title given to a person of royal rank; the quality or state of being high or elevated
Example
Your Highness, the royal carriage is ready to take you to the state banquet this evening.
陛下，皇家马车已准备好将您带到今晚的国宴。
C2 adjective /ˈvɛdʒɪtəl/

vegetal

植物的
Meaning
relating to or consisting of plants or vegetation
Example
The soup had a distinct vegetal flavor.
汤有一种独特的植物味。
C1 adjective /ˈɒm.ɪ.nəs/

Ominous

不祥的; 威胁的
Meaning
giving the impression that something bad will happen; threatening; foreboding
Example
The dark clouds looked ominous before the storm.
暴风雨前，黑云看起来预示着灾难。
C2 adjective /ˈspiːʃəs/

specious

虚假
Meaning
Superficially plausible but actually false; misleading in appearance.
Example
The politician’s argument was specious, sounding convincing but lacking real evidence.
那位政治家的论点是虚假的，听起来很有说服力，但缺乏真实的证据。
C1 noun /ˌænəlˈdʒiːzɪk/

analgesic

止痛药
Meaning
A drug or substance that relieves pain.
Example
She took an analgesic to ease her headache.
她吃了止痛药来缓解头痛。
B2 verb /ˈkɒnvɪkt/

convict

判决
Meaning
to find someone guilty of a crime in a court of law
Example
The court convicted him of theft.
法院判定他偷窃有罪。
C2 adjective /rɪˈmiːdiəbl/

remediable

可修复的
Meaning
capable of being corrected or cured
Example
The mistake was serious but still remediable.
这个错误很严重，但仍然是可修复的。
B1 noun /kənˈstrʌk.ʃən/

construction

建筑
Meaning
The building of something, typically a large structure.
Example
Construction dust significantly contributes to pollution.
建筑尘土显著促进了污染。
A1 noun/verb /fɪʃ/

fish

幸福
Meaning
an aquatic animal with gills, or to try to catch such animals
Example
He went to the lake to fish early in the morning.
她在得到奖项时无法掩饰她的快乐。
C1 noun /əˈtaɪər/

attire

服装
Meaning
Clothing, especially formal or elegant wear.
Example
She wore traditional attire at the wedding ceremony.
她在婚礼仪式上穿着传统服装。
C2 noun /ˈθɛspiən/

thespian

演员
Meaning
An actor or actress; relating to drama or theater.
Example
The festival was filled with talented thespians from across the country.
这个节日充满了来自全国各地的才华横溢的演员。
A2 noun /ˈsoʊldʒər/

soldier

士兵
Meaning
a person who serves in an army, especially as a professional fighter
Example
The soldier marched proudly with his unit.
士兵骄傲地与他的部队一起行进。
C2 adjective /ˌpɑːrsɪˈmoʊniəs/

parsimonious

吝啬
Meaning
unwilling to spend money or use resources; stingy
Example
The company was too parsimonious to invest in better equipment.
公司太吝啬，无法投资更好的设备。
C2 noun /bɪˈtroʊðəl/

betrothal

订婚
Meaning
The formal engagement to be married.
Example
Their betrothal was announced to the whole village.
他们的订婚在整个村庄宣布。
A1 adverb /daʊn/

down

下
Meaning
from a higher to a lower position
Example
He walked down the stairs slowly.
他慢慢地走下楼梯。
C2 verb /ˈdɛpjʊˌtaɪz/

deputize

任命为副职
Meaning
To appoint someone as a deputy; to act as a substitute or representative.
Example
The sheriff decided to deputize several locals to help maintain order.
治安官决定指派几位当地人以帮助维持秩序。
A1 adjective /stɪl/

still

静止
Meaning
not moving or making a sound
Example
The water was still, reflecting the sky.
水面静止，反射着天空。
B2 verb /pərˈsiːvd/

perceived

幸福
Meaning
to become aware of something through the senses or the mind; to understand or interpret
Example
She perceived a hint of sadness in his voice.
当她收到奖项时，她无法掩饰自己的幸福。
B1 noun /ˈkaʊn.səl/

council

委员会
Meaning
an assembly of people chosen or elected to make decisions or advise on matters
Example
The city council voted to improve public transportation.
市议会投票决定改善公共交通。
B2 noun /ˈkʌlprɪt/

culprit

罪犯
Meaning
a person who is responsible for a crime or misdeed
Example
The police caught the culprit behind the robbery.
警察抓住了抢劫案背后的罪犯。
C1 noun /ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtər/

demonstrator

示范者, 抗议者
Meaning
a person who shows how something works or takes part in a public protest
Example
The demonstrators marched peacefully through the city streets.
示威者和平地穿过城市街道游行。
C1 adjective ˈfæʃ.ɪst

fascist

法西斯
Meaning
Relating to or characteristic of fascism; extremely authoritarian.
Example
Fascist governance undermines freedom.
法西斯统治破坏自由。
C1 noun /ˈhaɪbrɪd/

hybrid

混合动力
Meaning
a mixture of two different things, often combining the best qualities of both
Example
The car is a hybrid that runs on both electricity and fuel.
这辆车是一辆混合动力车，既能使用电力，也能使用燃料。
C2 noun /ˈsɑːrdʒənt ət ɑːrmz/

sergeant-at-arms

警卫员
Meaning
An officer responsible for maintaining order during meetings or legislative sessions.
Example
The sergeant-at-arms escorted the disruptive member out of the hall.
警卫员把扰乱秩序的成员从大厅带了出去。
A1 interjection /həˈloʊ/

hello

哈啰
Meaning
a greeting or expression used when meeting someone or starting a conversation
Example
She answered the phone with a cheerful hello.
她高兴地接起电话说了声哈啰。
A2 noun /ˈbɪs.kɪt/

Biscuit

饼干
Meaning
a small, hard, dry cake; a cookie
Example
Children love to eat chocolate biscuits with milk.
孩子们喜欢吃巧克力饼干配牛奶。
C2 adjective /sɛnˈtrɪpɪtəl/

centripetal

向心的
Meaning
Moving or directed toward a center.
Example
Centripetal force keeps the planets in orbit around the sun.
向心力使行星保持在围绕太阳的轨道上。
C1 adjective /frəˈtɜːrnəl/

fraternal

Meaning
Relating to brothers or brotherhood; friendly and supportive.
Example
The two nations maintain a fraternal relationship.
B2 noun /ˈteɪbəlˌspun/

tablespoon

汤匙
Meaning
a spoon used for serving or eating food, typically holding about 15 milliliters
Example
She stirred the soup with a tablespoon.
她用汤匙搅拌了汤。
C1 adjective /ʃrɪl/

shrill

尖锐的声音
Meaning
High-pitched and piercing in sound.
Example
The shrill whistle startled everyone in the room.
尖锐的哨声让房间里的每个人都吓了一跳。
B1 adjective /ˈɪnər/

inner

内在的
Meaning
Located inside or closer to the center; relating to one’s thoughts or feelings.
Example
She shared her inner thoughts with her best friend.
她与她最好的朋友分享了她的内心想法。
C2 verb /drəˈɡuːn/

dragoon

强迫
Meaning
to force someone to do something through coercion or intimidation
Example
The manager tried to dragoon the team into working overtime.
经理试图强迫团队加班。
B2 noun/verb /swɑːmp/

swamp

沼泽
Meaning
An area of low-lying, uncultivated ground where water collects; a bog or marsh.
Example
The village was built near a swamp.
村庄建在一个沼泽附近。
C2 adjective /ˈæfərənt/

afferent

传入
Meaning
carrying impulses toward a central organ or part, especially toward the brain or spinal cord
Example
Afferent nerves carry signals from the body to the brain.
传入神经将信号从身体传送到大脑。
B2 noun /ɪkˈspen.dɪ.tʃər/

expenditure

支出
Meaning
The action of spending funds; an amount of money spent.
Example
Managing expenditure is critical for budgeting.
管理支出对于制定预算至关重要。
B2 verb ˈstɪmjəleɪt

stimulate

刺激
Meaning
To encourage or promote the development or growth of something
Example
Proper sunlight stimulates plant growth.
适当的阳光刺激植物生长。
B2 verb /nɪˈɡlekt/

neglect

忽视
Meaning
to fail to care for or give attention to something
Example
Don't neglect your health while studying.
学习时不要忽视自己的健康。
B2 noun ˌæs.pɪˈreɪ.ʃən

aspiration

志向
Meaning
A hope or ambition of achieving something, a strong desire or goal to achieve something.
Example
His aspiration is to become a successful entrepreneur.
他的志向是成为一名成功的企业家。
C2 verb /ɪnˈræptʃər/

enrapture

使着迷
Meaning
To fill someone with great delight or joy.
Example
The beautiful music enraptured the audience.
美丽的音乐让观众陶醉。
C2 noun /pɛlf/

pelf

不正当的钱
Meaning
Money, especially when gained dishonorably.
Example
The corrupt official was motivated only by pelf.
腐败的官员仅仅是为了不正当的钱而动机。
C1 adjective /ˌɪməˈtɪəriəl/

immaterial

无关紧要
Meaning
Not important or relevant; lacking physical substance.
Example
The judge ruled that the argument was immaterial to the case.
法官裁定，该论点与案件无关。
B1 noun /ɪkˈspreʃ.ən/

Expression

表达; 表现;
Meaning
the act of making thoughts or feelings known; a look on someone's face
Example
The artist's painting was a beautiful expression of her inner emotions.
艺术家的画作是她内心情感的美丽表达。
B2 verb /ɪnˈtɛnsɪfaɪ/

intensify

加强
Meaning
To make something stronger, more extreme, or more forceful.
Example
The storm is expected to intensify overnight.
预计风暴将在一夜之间加剧。
B2 noun /ˈaʊt.kʌm/

Outcome

结果; 后果;
Meaning
the result or consequence of an action or situation; the final product
Example
The outcome of the election surprised everyone.
选举的结果让所有人感到惊讶。
B1 noun /ˈlæftər/

laughter

笑声
Meaning
the act or sound of laughing
Example
The room was filled with laughter.
房间里充满了笑声。
C1 adjective /prɪm/

prim

过于正式或合适
Meaning
stiffly formal and proper in appearance or behavior
Example
She looked prim in her neatly pressed dress.
她穿着精心熨烫的裙子看起来非常端庄。
B2 adjective /fəˈnɒmɪnəl/

phenomenal

非凡
Meaning
extraordinary, remarkable, or exceptional in a way that is very impressive
Example
The team achieved phenomenal success in the tournament.
团队在比赛中取得了非凡的成功。
C2 noun /ˈfuːləri/

foolery

愚蠢
Meaning
Silly or foolish behavior or actions.
Example
His constant foolery made the meeting hard to take seriously.
他不断的愚蠢让会议变得难以认真对待。
A1 adjective /smɔːl/

Small

小的; 限制的; 狭窄的
Meaning
little in size; not large; limited in extent or amount
Example
She lives in a small apartment near the university.
她住在大学附近的一间小公寓里。
C2 noun /ˌmɛtəˈfɪzɪks/

metaphysics

形而上学
Meaning
The branch of philosophy that deals with the fundamental nature of reality, existence, and the relationship between mind and matter.
Example
She studied metaphysics to understand the principles of existence beyond physical science.
她学习形而上学，以理解超越物理科学的存在原理。
B2 noun /ˈsɛnət/

senate

参议院
Meaning
a legislative or governing body, typically the upper chamber in a bicameral legislature
Example
The senate voted in favor of the new healthcare bill.
参议院投票支持新的医疗保健法案。
C1 noun, adjective /ˌnɒn ˈrɛzɪdənt/

non-resident

非居民
Meaning
a person who does not live in a particular country or place permanently
Example
Non-resident students often pay higher tuition fees.
非居民学生通常支付更高的学费。
C1 noun /əˈpreʃ.ən/

Oppression

压迫; 虐待; 暴政;
Meaning
cruel or unjust treatment or exercise of authority; the state of being subject to harsh treatment
Example
The people fought against political oppression.
人民反对政治压迫而斗争。
C2 verb /fɔɪst/

foist

强加
Meaning
To impose something unwelcome or unnecessary on someone.
Example
He tried to foist his old books onto his friends.
他试图把他的旧书强加给朋友们。
C1 adjective /ˈʌpərˌmoʊst/

uppermost

最高
Meaning
situated at the highest place or most important
Example
Her family's safety was uppermost in her mind during the crisis.
她在危机期间心里最重要的是家庭的安全。
B2 noun ɪˈmɪʃ.ənz

emissions

排放
Meaning
The production and discharge of something, especially gas, heat, light, or radiation.
Example
Carbon emissions are rising globally.
碳排放在全球范围内上升。
A2 noun /ˈpʌp.i/

Puppy

小狗
Meaning
a young dog
Example
The puppy wagged its tail when it saw its owner.
小狗摇着尾巴，当它看到主人时。
B1 verb /ɪmˈplɔɪ/

employ

雇佣
Meaning
to hire someone to do a job; to use something effectively
Example
The company plans to employ more engineers next year.
公司计划明年雇用更多的工程师。
C2 adjective /ˈfɛstəl/

festal

节日的，庆祝的
Meaning
relating to a festival or celebration
Example
The hall was decorated in a festal manner for the wedding.
婚礼的大厅被装饰得节日气氛十足。
B1 verb /kwoʊt/

quote

引用
Meaning
to repeat someone else's words; to give a price or estimate
Example
The teacher asked students to quote the famous author in their essays.
老师要求学生在他们的论文中引用著名作者。
C1 adjective ɛnˈdɛm.ɪk

endemic

地方性
Meaning
Native and restricted to a certain place.
Example
The Bengal tiger is endemic to the Indian subcontinent.
孟加拉虎是印度次大陆的地方性物种。
A2 noun /ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/

thinking

思考
Meaning
the process of considering or reasoning about something
Example
Her thinking was clear and precise.
她的思考清晰而准确。
C1 noun /krʌtʃ/

crutch

拐杖, 支撑
Meaning
a support used by someone injured to walk; also something relied upon for support or help
Example
He had to use crutches after breaking his leg.
他在摔断腿后不得不用拐杖。
C1 adjective /ˈmæn.li/

Manly

男子气概的; 勇敢的; 大胆的
Meaning
having qualities traditionally associated with men; brave; courageous
Example
He showed manly courage during the crisis.
在危机中，他展示了男子气概的勇气。
C2 noun /ˌbeɪt ˈnwɑːr/

bete noire

令人讨厌的事物
Meaning
A person or thing that one particularly dislikes or fears.
Example
Grammar has always been his bete noire.
语法一直是他的贝特诺尔。
B2 noun /ˈrɛlɪvəns/

relevance

相关性
Meaning
the quality or state of being closely connected or appropriate
Example
The relevance of the information was clear to everyone.
信息的相关性对每个人来说都很清楚。
C1 verb /ˌrekəˈlekt/

recollect

回忆
Meaning
to remember something; to recall from memory
Example
I can't recollect where I put my keys.
我记不起来我把钥匙放在哪里了。
B1 noun /tɜːmz/

terms

条款
Meaning
plural of term; conditions or rules in a contract or agreement
Example
The terms of the agreement are clearly outlined in the contract.
协议条款在合同中明确列出。
B1 noun /blaʊz/

Blouse

女衬衫
Meaning
a woman's loose upper garment resembling a shirt
Example
She wore a beautiful silk blouse to the party.
她穿着一件美丽的丝绸女衬衫参加派对。
C1 noun /ˈædɪdʒ/

adage

格言
Meaning
a short, well-known saying that expresses a general truth or piece of advice
Example
The old adage says that honesty is the best policy.
古老的格言说，诚实是最好的政策。
C2 verb /sleɪk/

slake

解渴
Meaning
To satisfy thirst or desire.
Example
She drank cold water to slake her thirst.
她喝了冷水来解渴。
A1 number /ˌfɪfˈtiːn/

fifteen

十五
Meaning
the number 15
Example
There are fifteen students in the class.
班里有十五个学生。
C2 verb /ˈdʒɛsteɪt/

gestate

怀孕
Meaning
to carry and develop in the womb during pregnancy; to develop an idea over a period of time
Example
The mother whale gestates her calf for over a year.
母鲸怀孕并发展她的小鲸鱼超过一年。
A2 adjective /pliːzd/

pleased

满意
Meaning
feeling happy or satisfied with something
Example
She was pleased with her exam results.
她对自己的考试结果感到满意。
C2 verb /kəˈlʌmnieɪt/

calumniate

诽谤
Meaning
To make false and damaging statements about someone; to slander.
Example
He was furious when he realized they had calumniated his reputation.
当他意识到他们已经毁坏了他的名声时，他非常生气。
C2 noun /ˈmʌŋɡrəl/

mongrel

杂种狗
Meaning
A dog of mixed breed; sometimes used to describe something mixed or of inferior quality.
Example
The stray dog was a friendly mongrel.
那只流浪狗是一只友好的杂种狗。
A2 noun/verb/adjective /ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/ (noun), /səbˈdʒɛkt/ (verb)

subject

主题
Meaning
noun: a topic or theme; verb: to cause to undergo; adjective: dependent or under authority
Example
The teacher introduced a new subject in class.
老师在课堂上介绍了一个新主题。
B2 noun /ˈbɛriəl/

burial

埋葬
Meaning
the act of placing a dead body into the ground.
Example
The burial ceremony took place in the afternoon.
埋葬仪式在下午举行。
C2 adjective /ˈdʒes.tɪŋ/

Jesting

打趣的
Meaning
joking or teasing in a playful manner
Example
He was only jesting when he said he would quit his job.
他只是开玩笑地说自己要辞掉工作。
C2 verb /ɪˈspaɪ/

espy

看到
Meaning
To catch sight of or notice something, especially from a distance.
Example
From the hilltop, she espied a small village in the valley.
从山顶上，她看见了谷中的一个小村庄。
C2 verb /dɪˈsɪmjʊˌleɪt/

dissimulate

伪装
Meaning
To disguise or conceal one's true feelings or intentions.
Example
He tried to dissimulate his fear with a smile.
他试图用微笑掩饰他的恐惧。
C2 noun /ˈleɪ.ɪ.ti/

laity

俗人
Meaning
Ordinary members of a religious community who are not clergy.
Example
The church welcomed the laity to participate in the event.
教堂欢迎俗人参加活动。
B2 noun /ˈruːlɪŋ/

ruling

裁决
Meaning
an official decision made by a judge or authority.
Example
The court’s ruling favored the defendant.
法院的裁决对被告有利。
C2 verb /diːˈlɪmɪt/

delimit

划定
Meaning
to fix the boundaries or limits of something
Example
The treaty was signed to delimit the borders of the two countries.
该条约被签署以划定两国的边界。