B1 verb /swɪtʃ/

switch

切换

Meaning

to change from one thing to another; to exchange or replace

Example

I switched from coffee to tea.

我从咖啡转到茶。

C1 noun səˈlɪnɪti ɪnˈtruːʒən

salinity intrusion

盐水入侵

Meaning

The movement of salt water into freshwater areas, typically affecting coastal regions.

Example

Salinity intrusion affects coastal regions.

盐水入侵影响沿海地区。

B2 noun /ˈskɒlərʃɪp/

scholarship

奖学金

Meaning

an award or grant to support a student's education

Example

She received a scholarship to study abroad.

她获得了一项奖学金，以便出国留学。

B2 noun /ˈʃɔːr.tɪdʒ/

Shortage

短缺

Meaning

a lack or deficiency of something that is needed or expected

Example

There is a severe water shortage in the region.

该地区严重缺水。

B2 noun/verb /stʌmp/

stump

树桩，困惑

Meaning

the base of a tree left after the trunk is cut down; to puzzle or confuse

Example

The question completely stumped the students.

这个问题完全困扰了学生。

B2 verb /ˈsɒfən/

soften

使变软

Meaning

to make or become less hard, severe, or strong.

Example

Heat will soften the butter quickly.

热量会很快使黄油变软。

B2 adjective /stɜːrn/

Stern

严格的；严厉的

Meaning

serious and demanding exact conformity to rules; strict and severe

Example

The teacher gave the students a stern warning about cheating.

老师给学生们关于作弊的严厉警告。

B1 verb /stɛə/

stare

盯着

Meaning

to look at something with a fixed gaze

Example

She stared at the painting for hours.

她盯着画看了几个小时。

B2 adjective /səˈpɔːtɪv/

supportive

支持的

Meaning

providing encouragement or emotional help to someone

Example

She was very supportive during my difficult times.

在我困难的时刻，她非常支持我。

B2 adverb /səˈfɪʃəntli/

sufficiently

充分

Meaning

to an adequate degree or extent

Example

She studied sufficiently to pass the exam.

她足够努力地学习，才能通过考试。

B1 adjective /spəˈsɪfɪk/

specific

具体的

Meaning

Clearly defined or identified; particular; exact.

Example

Make a specific plan to beat procrastination.

制定一个具体的计划以克服拖延。

C2 adjective /ˈsɪnjuːi/

sinewy

肌肉发达且强壮

Meaning

Lean and muscular; strong and tough.

Example

The athlete had a sinewy build that showed his strength.

运动员有着结实的肌肉，展示了他的力量。

C2 adjective /sɪˈbeɪʃəs/

sebaceous

与皮脂相关

Meaning

Relating to or secreting sebum, an oily substance from the skin.

Example

Acne is often caused by overactive sebaceous glands.

痤疮通常是由过度活跃的皮脂腺引起的。

C1 noun ˈsɛlf pəˈzɪʃən

self-possession

自控力

Meaning

The quality of being calm and confident and in control of one's emotions; composure.

Example

His self-possession during the crisis was remarkable.

他在危机中的自控力令人钦佩。

C2 verb /ˌsuːpərɪnˈtɛnd/

superintend

监管

Meaning

to oversee and direct the work or operation of something

Example

She was hired to superintend the construction project.

她被聘用来监管建筑项目。

C1 verb /ˈstrætɪfaɪ/

stratify

分层

Meaning

to arrange or divide into layers, classes, or categories

Example

The researchers plan to stratify the data based on age groups.

研究人员计划根据年龄组对数据进行分层。

B2 adjective /self səˈfɪʃənt/

Self-sufficient

自给自足

Meaning

able to provide for oneself without depending on others

Example

The farm is completely self-sufficient in producing vegetables.

这个农场在蔬菜生产方面完全自给自足。

C1 adjective /ˈsleɪ.vɪʃ/

slavish

奴隶般的

Meaning

showing no originality; completely imitative or overly submissive

Example

His slavish devotion to tradition prevented any innovation.

他对传统的奴隶般忠诚阻碍了任何创新。

C2 verb /ˈsɪbəleɪt/

sibilate

发出嘶嘶声

Meaning

To pronounce with a hissing sound.

Example

The actor sibilated his lines for dramatic effect.

演员为了戏剧效果，用嘶嘶声说出了他的台词。

A2 noun /saɪt/

sight

视力

Meaning

the ability to see or something that is seen

Example

The sight of the sunset took her breath away.

日落的景象让她屏住了呼吸。

B2 noun /slʌm/

Slum

贫民窟

Meaning

a poor urban area with substandard housing and squalid conditions

Example

The government is working to improve conditions in the slum.

政府正在努力改善贫民区的条件。

C1 adjective /səˈdʒɛstɪv/

suggestive

暗示的

Meaning

tending to suggest ideas or images; sometimes implies something sexual or provocative

Example

The painting was highly suggestive and sparked much debate.

这幅画非常暗示，并引发了许多争论。

C1 noun /ˈspiːʃiː/

specie

硬币

Meaning

money in the form of coins rather than notes or credit

Example

The transaction was made in specie.

交易是以硬币完成的。

B2 adjective /ˈsʌb.sɪ.kwənt/

subsequent

随后的

Meaning

Coming after something in time; following in time or order.

Example

Subsequent events clarified the outcomes.

随后的事件澄清了结果。

C1 adjective /ˈsæk.rəˌsæŋkt/

sacrosanct

神圣不可侵犯的

Meaning

Regarded as too important or valuable to be interfered with; sacred.

Example

Freedom of speech is considered sacrosanct in democratic societies.

言论自由在民主社会中被视为神圣不可侵犯的。

C2 adjective /səˈpʌlkrəl/

sepulchral

与墓葬相关，阴森的

Meaning

Relating to a tomb or burial; gloomy, dismal.

Example

The abandoned house had a sepulchral silence about it.

废弃的房子弥漫着墓葬般的寂静。

A1 adjective /ʃɔːrt/

Short

短的; 简短的

Meaning

having a small length, height, or duration; not long

Example

The meeting was very short, lasting only ten minutes.

会议非常短，仅持续了十分钟。

C1 adjective /ˈskræpi/

scrappy

好斗 / 杂乱

Meaning

Determined and willing to fight or argue; also messy or disorganized.

Example

Despite being small, he was a scrappy fighter.

尽管身材小，他却是一个好斗的战士。

B1 verb /siːl/

seal

封闭，密封

Meaning

to close or secure something tightly or officially confirm something

Example

He sealed the envelope before sending the letter.

他在寄信之前封住了信封。

C2 verb /ʃʌk/

shuck

剥壳

Meaning

To remove the outer covering, such as the husk of corn or shell of shellfish.

Example

She learned how to shuck oysters quickly.

她学会了如何快速打开牡蛎。

C1 verb /ʃɜːrk/

shirk

逃避

Meaning

to avoid or neglect a duty or responsibility

Example

He always tries to shirk his responsibilities at work.

他总是尽力避免工作中的责任。

B2 verb /ˈsuːpərvaɪz/

supervise

监督

Meaning

to watch and direct a person or activity to ensure things are done correctly

Example

The teacher supervises students during the exam.

老师在考试期间监督学生。

B2 adjective /ˈspeɪ.ʃəs/

Spacious

宽敞的；宽阔的

Meaning

having a lot of space; roomy and comfortable

Example

The house has a spacious living room with high ceilings.

这座房子有一个宽敞的客厅，高高的天花板。

B1 noun /ˈsæm.ən/

salmon

鲑鱼

Meaning

A large fish with pink flesh, often eaten as food.

Example

They served grilled salmon for dinner.

他们晚餐时提供了烤鲑鱼。

C1 adjective /ˈsɜːrli/

surly

脾气暴躁

Meaning

bad-tempered and unfriendly

Example

The waiter gave us a surly look when we asked for more water.

当我们要求更多的水时，服务员用脾气暴躁的目光看着我们。

C1 adjective /səˈsɛp.tə.bəl/

susceptible

容易受某种特定事物影响或损害的

Meaning

Likely or liable to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing.

Example

Children are more susceptible to infections.

孩子们更容易感染。

B1 adjective /ˈsuːtəbl/

suitable

合适

Meaning

appropriate or right for a particular person, purpose, or situation

Example

This dress is suitable for the wedding.

这件裙子适合婚礼。

B2 noun ˈsəʊ.lər ˈen.ə.dʒi

solar energy

太阳能

Meaning

Energy from the sun that is converted into thermal or electrical energy.

Example

Solar energy is vital for reducing carbon emissions.

太阳能对于减少碳排放至关重要。

A2 noun /ʃiːt/

sheet

床单

Meaning

a large piece of cloth or paper, typically used to cover or protect something

Example

I need a clean sheet to cover the bed.

我需要一张干净的床单来覆盖床铺。

B2 adjective /ˈsændi/

Sandy

沙的; 沙质的

Meaning

covered with sand; containing sand; having the texture of sand

Example

The sandy beach stretched for miles along the coast.

沙滩沿海岸延伸了几英里。

C1 adjective /ˈsiː.di/

Seedy

充满种子; 肮脏且不名誉; 破败的

Meaning

squalid and disreputable; shabby and run-down; full of seeds

Example

They avoided walking through the seedy part of town at night.

他们避免在夜晚走过肮脏且不名誉的城市部分。

C2 adjective /ˌsuːprəˈmʌndeɪn/

supramundane

超世俗

Meaning

beyond the physical or ordinary world; transcendent

Example

The monk spoke of supramundane peace beyond material life.

和尚讲述了超越物质生活的超世俗的平静。

C1 noun /ˈstɪklər/

stickler

对规则严格的人

Meaning

a person who insists on a certain quality or standard of behavior

Example

He is a stickler for punctuality and never tolerates delays.

他非常严格地要求准时，从不容忍迟到。

C1 noun /ˈskruːpəl/

scruple

顾忌

Meaning

A moral or ethical consideration that restrains actions.

Example

He had no scruples about lying to get ahead.

他在为了进步而撒谎时没有任何顾忌。

C2 noun /ˈsɪbɪləns/

sibilance

嘶嘶声

Meaning

A hissing or hushing sound, especially in speech with 's' or 'sh'.

Example

The poet used sibilance to create a soft, hissing effect in the verse.

诗人用西比兰斯在诗句中创造了一个柔和的嘶嘶效果。

C1 adjective /ˈsɪnləs/

Sinless

无罪; 天真; 纯洁

Meaning

free from sin; pure and innocent; without moral fault

Example

The innocent child appeared sinless in her pure white dress.

那天真的孩子穿着纯白色的裙子，看起来毫无罪。

C2 noun səˈtaɪ.ə.ti

satiety

饱腹感

Meaning

The feeling of being satisfied or full, especially with regard to food.

Example

High-fiber foods provide longer satiety.

富含纤维的食物提供更长时间的饱腹感。

B2 adjective /ˈʃæb.i/

Shabby

破旧的; 状况差的; 显示磨损迹象的; 不公平或残忍的

Meaning

worn out; in poor condition; showing signs of wear; unfair or mean

Example

His shabby clothes showed that he had been traveling for days.

他的破旧衣服显示他已经旅行了几天。

C2 noun /ˈsuːpsɒ̃/

soupcon

少量

Meaning

a very small quantity of something; a trace

Example

She added just a soupcon of spice to the dish.

她在菜肴中只加了一点香料。

C1 adjective /ˈsʌltri/

sultry

酷热潮湿，迷人

Meaning

Uncomfortably hot and humid; also describes someone attractive in a passionate or sensual way.

Example

The sultry weather made it hard to focus on work.

酷热潮湿的天气使得集中精力工作变得困难。

C2 noun /sfɛˈrɪsɪti/

sphericity

球形

Meaning

The quality or state of being spherical; roundness.

Example

The sphericity of the ball made it roll smoothly on the ground.

球的球形使它能够平稳地在地面上滚动。

B2 noun /siːdʒ/

Sieze

围困

Meaning

a military operation to capture a place by surrounding it and cutting off supplies

Example

The siege of the castle lasted for three months.

城堡的围困持续了三个月。

C1 adjective /ˈsɛnʃuəl/

sensual

性感

Meaning

Relating to or involving gratification of the senses and physical pleasure.

Example

The painting had a sensual quality that captivated viewers.

这幅画有一种性感的质量，吸引了观众。

C2 adjective /səˈlɪsɪtəs/

solicitous

关心

Meaning

showing concern or care for someone's health, happiness, or comfort

Example

She was always solicitous about the well-being of her students.

她总是关心学生们的福祉。

B2 noun ˈsæt.əl.aɪt

satellite

卫星

Meaning

An artificial object which has been intentionally placed into orbit around a celestial body.

Example

Satellites provide critical data for research.

卫星为研究提供了重要的数据。

C1 noun /ˌsɛlf əˌfɜːˈmeɪʃən/

self-affirmation

自我肯定

Meaning

The practice of affirming one's own worthiness and value as an individual.

Example

Daily self-affirmation can boost your confidence.

每日自我肯定可以增强你的自信。

C1 noun /ˈstoʊəˌweɪ/

stowaway

偷渡者

Meaning

A person who hides on a ship, plane, or other vehicle in order to travel secretly without paying.

Example

The crew discovered a stowaway hiding in the cargo hold.

船员发现一个藏在货舱里的偷渡者。

C1 verb /ˈswɛltər/

swelter

因高温而痛苦

Meaning

to suffer from intense heat

Example

We began to swelter in the midday sun.

我们开始在中午的阳光下忍受酷热。

B2 verb /ˈskætər/

scatter

散播

Meaning

to spread or throw around in different directions

Example

The wind scattered the leaves across the yard.

风把叶子撒到院子里。

C2 adjective /ˈsteɪ.dʒi/

stagy

过于戏剧化

Meaning

Overly theatrical, artificial, or exaggerated in manner or style.

Example

Her performance felt stagy and unnatural.

她的表演显得过于戏剧化和不自然。

B2 noun /ˈsiːkər/

seeker

寻求者

Meaning

a person who is looking for something, especially knowledge or truth

Example

The seeker traveled far to find the answers to his questions.

寻求者远行去寻找他问题的答案。

C1 adjective /spəˈrædɪk/

sporadic

零星

Meaning

Occurring irregularly or in scattered instances rather than continuously.

Example

The region experienced sporadic rain showers throughout the week.

该地区经历了整整一周的零星降雨。

C2 noun /ˌsɪnjuˈɒsɪti/

sinuosity

弯曲性

Meaning

The quality or state of being winding, curving, or having many turns.

Example

The sinuosity of the river made navigation challenging.

河流的弯曲性使得导航变得具有挑战性。

B2 noun, verb /slænt/

slant

偏见观点

Meaning

A particular point of view; to slope or lean in a particular direction.

Example

The article had a political slant.

文章有政治倾向。

C2 noun /stɒˈkeɪd/

stockade

木栅栏

Meaning

a defensive barrier made of strong posts or timbers, often around a fort or prison

Example

The prisoners were kept inside the wooden stockade.

囚犯被关在木栅栏内。

C1 verb /slɪŋ/

sling

投掷, 挂起

Meaning

to throw or hang something roughly or carelessly

Example

He slung his bag over his shoulder before leaving.

他在离开前把包扔在肩膀上。

A2 noun ˈsɜːrvɪs

service

服务

Meaning

An act of helping or doing work for someone.

Example

True education promotes the value of service to others.

真正的教育促进了对他人服务的价值。

C1 noun /ˈsɪlk.wɜːrm/

Silk-worm

蚕

Meaning

the caterpillar of a moth that produces silk fibers used to make silk fabric

Example

Silkworms feed on mulberry leaves to produce silk.

蚕虫以桑叶为食，产生丝绸。

B2 verb /skreɪp/

scrape

擦, 刮

Meaning

to remove or damage the surface of something by rubbing or scratching; to collect something by effort

Example

He scraped his knee while playing football.

他在踢足球时擦伤了膝盖。

C2 noun /ʃiːt fɪʃ/

Sheat-fish

鲶鱼

Meaning

A large freshwater catfish with a broad flat head and long barbels

Example

The sheat-fish is one of the largest freshwater fish in South Asia.

鲶鱼是南亚最大的淡水鱼之一。

C2 noun /ˈsætræp/

satrap

总督

Meaning

a governor of a province in ancient Persia; also used figuratively for a subordinate ruler

Example

The king appointed a satrap to oversee the distant province.

国王任命了一个总督来管理遥远的省份。

C2 adjective /ˌsʌb.əˈkwɒt.ɪk/

subaquatic

水下的

Meaning

Existing, living, or located under water.

Example

Divers explored the subaquatic cave system filled with rare fish.

潜水员探索了充满稀有鱼类的水下洞穴系统。

C1 noun ˈsʌb.tɛkst

subtext

潜台词

Meaning

Hidden meaning or message behind spoken or written words

Example

The subtext of his speech suggested disagreement.

他的演讲的潜台词暗示着不同意见。

B2 adjective /ˈstɑːrtəld/

startled

吃惊

Meaning

suddenly shocked or surprised by something unexpected

Example

She was startled by the loud noise outside.

她因外面的巨大声音而感到吃惊。

C2 noun /ˈsɛkstənt/

sextant

六分仪

Meaning

a navigational instrument with a graduated arc of 60°, used to measure the angle between a celestial object and the horizon

Example

Using a sextant, the navigator fixed the ship’s position at noon.

使用六分仪，导航员在中午确定了船的位置。

C1 verb /ˈskaʊər/

scour

擦洗 / 彻底搜索

Meaning

to clean or brighten the surface of something by scrubbing; to search thoroughly

Example

She scoured the kitchen until it shone.

她打扫厨房直到它闪闪发光。

B2 noun /səˈplaɪə(r)/

supplier

供应商

Meaning

a person or company that provides goods or services

Example

The supplier delivered the products on time.

供应商按时交付了产品。

C1 noun /ˈsɪk.əl/

Sickle

镰刀

Meaning

a tool with a curved metal blade and short handle used for cutting grain crops

Example

The farmer harvested wheat using a traditional sickle.

农民用传统的镰刀收割小麦。

C1 noun /ˈsaɪ.ən/

scion

后代

Meaning

a descendant of a wealthy, aristocratic, or influential family

Example

He is the scion of a wealthy industrialist family.

他是一个富有的工业家家庭的后代。

C1 adjective /ˈspɛərɪŋ/

sparing

节俭 / 节制

Meaning

Using or giving only a little of something; economical.

Example

She is sparing in her use of words.

她在使用词语时很节省。

C2 adjective, noun /səbˈmɜːrsəbl/

submersible

潜水器

Meaning

capable of being submerged; a small underwater craft

Example

The scientists explored the deep ocean using a submersible.

科学家们使用潜水器探索了深海。

B2 adjective /ˈstʌb.ərn/

Stubborn

固执; 顽固; 倔强

Meaning

refusing to change opinion or course of action; persistent; obstinate

Example

The stubborn child refused to eat his vegetables.

那个固执的孩子拒绝吃蔬菜。

A1 adjective /seɪm/

same

相同

Meaning

identical; not different or changed

Example

We wore the same dress at the party.

我们在派对上穿了相同的衣服。

B2 adjective /ˈskɪni/

Skinny

瘦的; 皮包骨的; 骨瘦如柴

Meaning

very thin; having little flesh or fat on the body

Example

The skinny cat looked like it hadn't eaten for days.

那只瘦猫看起来像是几天没吃东西了。

Meaning

a person employed to handle correspondence and manage routine tasks for an individual or organization

Example

The secretary scheduled the meeting for tomorrow.

C2 adjective /səˈleɪʃəs/

salacious

淫秽的

Meaning

Having or conveying undue or inappropriate sexual interest.

Example

The tabloid published a salacious story about the celebrity.

小报发布了关于名人的淫秽故事。

C1 noun /skɪt/

skit

小品

Meaning

a short, humorous performance or piece of writing

Example

The students performed a funny skit at the event.

学生们在活动中表演了一个有趣的小品。

B1 adjective /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/

significant

重要的

Meaning

Sufficiently great or important to be worthy of attention; noteworthy.

Example

Social media has a significant impact on relationships.

社交媒体对人际关系有重要影响。

C1 adjective /ˈsʌmp.tʃu.əs/

sumptuous

奢华的

Meaning

Splendid and expensive-looking; luxurious.

Example

The guests were treated to a sumptuous banquet.

客人们被招待了一场奢华的宴会。

C1 noun /ˈʃær.ən fruːt/

Sharon fruit

沙龙水果

Meaning

a sweet orange persimmon fruit that can be eaten when firm

Example

The Sharon fruit is sweet and can be eaten like an apple.

沙龙水果很甜，可以像苹果一样食用。

B1 noun /seɪlz/

sales

Meaning

activities related to selling products or services

Example

The company saw a significant increase in sales during the holiday season.

A2 adjective /streɪndʒ/

strange

奇怪

Meaning

unusual or not normal

Example

It was strange to see him at the party after so long.

在这么久之后在派对上看到他真奇怪。

肌腱

Meaning

A tendon; figuratively, the source of strength, power, or resilience.

Example

The sinews in his arms stood out as he lifted the heavy box.

当他举起沉重的箱子时，他手臂上的肌腱明显凸出。