A2 verb /ˈstɑːtɪŋ/

starting

开始

Meaning

beginning to do or experience something

Example

She is starting a new job next week.

她下周开始一份新工作。

A2 adjective /ˈsʌdən/

Sudden

突如其来的; 突然的; 出乎意料的;

Meaning

happening or done quickly and unexpectedly; abrupt

Example

There was a sudden change in the weather.

天气发生了突如其来的变化。

B1 adjective /ˈsuːtəbl/

suitable

合适

Meaning

appropriate or right for a particular person, purpose, or situation

Example

This dress is suitable for the wedding.

这件裙子适合婚礼。

C2 verb /səbˈsjuːm/

subsume

包括

Meaning

To include or absorb something into a larger group or category.

Example

Minor details were subsumed under the main topic.

次要细节被纳入了主要话题。

C1 noun, verb /səˈpiːnə/

subpoena

传票

Meaning

a legal document ordering someone to attend court; to summon someone with such a document

Example

The witness received a subpoena to appear in court next week.

证人收到了传票，要求下周出庭。

C1 noun ˌsteɪbəlaɪˈzeɪʃən

stabilization

稳定化

Meaning

The process of making or becoming stable.

Example

The stabilization of the structure was essential after the earthquake.

地震后，结构的稳定化至关重要。

C2 adjective /ˈsteɪ.dʒi/

stagy

过于戏剧化

Meaning

Overly theatrical, artificial, or exaggerated in manner or style.

Example

Her performance felt stagy and unnatural.

她的表演显得过于戏剧化和不自然。

C2 noun /ˈʃɪbəˌlɛθ/

shibboleth

区分特定群体的习语或信仰

Meaning

A custom, phrase, or belief distinguishing a particular group of people, often used to identify outsiders.

Example

The phrase became a political shibboleth during the campaign.

这句话在竞选期间成为了一个政治性的shibboleth。

C1 adjective skiˈmæt.ɪk

Schematic

与图表相关或简短的

Meaning

Presenting some framework or concept briefly

Example

The engineer provided a schematic diagram of the project.

工程师提供了该项目的示意图。

B2 adjective /ˈskɛptɪkəl/

skeptical

怀疑的

Meaning

not easily convinced; having doubts or reservations

Example

She was skeptical about the new plan.

她对新计划持怀疑态度。

A2 adjective /ˈsɪmələr/

Similar

相似的; 具有共同特点的

Meaning

alike; having characteristics in common

Example

The two sisters have similar interests in music.

这两姐妹在音乐方面有相似的兴趣。

A1 noun /suːp/

Soup

汤

Meaning

a liquid food made by boiling meat, vegetables, or other ingredients in water

Example

I had a bowl of chicken soup for lunch.

我午餐吃了一碗鸡汤。

B2 verb /ˈʃɔːrtn/

shorten

缩短

Meaning

To make something shorter in length, duration, or extent

Example

She decided to shorten her speech to fit the time limit.

她决定缩短她的演讲以符合时间限制。

C1 noun /ˈstɔːrhaʊs/

storehouse

仓库

Meaning

A place where goods, supplies, or valuables are stored; a repository

Example

The warehouse acted as a storehouse for all the imported goods.

这个仓库作为所有进口商品的storehouse。

C1 noun /səbˈmɜːrdʒəns/

submergence

沉没

Meaning

the act or process of being submerged or going underwater

Example

The submergence of coastal areas is a major concern due to rising sea levels.

由于海平面上升，沿海地区的沉没成为一个重大问题。

C1 adjective /ˈsɛn.sər.i/

sensory

感官的

Meaning

Related to the five human senses (sight, hearing, taste, touch, smell).

Example

Sensory feedback enhances the VR experience.

感官反馈增强了虚拟现实体验。

C1 verb /skɔːrtʃ/

scorch

烧焦

Meaning

to burn the surface of something slightly

Example

The fire scorched the walls of the building.

火焰烧焦了建筑物的墙壁。

B1 adverb /ˈsædli/

sadly

悲伤地

Meaning

in a sorrowful or unhappy manner

Example

She sadly waved goodbye as the train departed.

火车开走时，她悲伤地挥手告别。

B2 noun /səkˈsɛʃ.ən/

succession

生态演替

Meaning

The process of ecological change in which one community of organisms is gradually replaced by another.

Example

Forest succession occurs when old ecosystems are replaced by new ones.

森林演替发生在旧的生态系统被新的生态系统取代时。

C2 adjective /ˌsɪkəˈfæntɪk/

sycophantic

拍马屁

Meaning

Behaving in a way that is excessively obedient or servile to gain favor.

Example

His sycophantic behavior annoyed his colleagues.

他的拍马屁行为让同事们感到厌烦。

C2 noun səˈtaɪ.ə.ti

satiety

饱腹感

Meaning

The feeling of being satisfied or full, especially with regard to food.

Example

High-fiber foods provide longer satiety.

富含纤维的食物提供更长时间的饱腹感。

B2 noun /ˌsɛlf ɪˈstiːm/

self-esteem

自尊

Meaning

confidence in one's own worth or abilities; self-respect

Example

Building self-esteem takes time and consistent effort.

建立自尊需要时间和持续的努力。

B1 verb /səˈspɛkt/

suspect

怀疑

Meaning

to believe that someone has done something wrong; to doubt or mistrust

Example

I suspect he is lying about his whereabouts.

我怀疑他在谎报自己的下落。

B1 noun /ˈstʌmək eɪk/

stomach ache

胃痛

Meaning

Pain in the stomach or abdominal area

Example

I have a stomach ache after eating too much.

我吃得太多后感到胃痛。

B2 adverb /ˈsɛkʃuəli/

sexually

性行为

Meaning

in a way that relates to or involves sexual activity or feelings

Example

The film was considered too sexually explicit for young audiences.

这部电影被认为对年轻观众来说过于性行为露骨。

A1 noun /sɛpˈtɛmbər/

september

九月

Meaning

The ninth month of the year in the Gregorian calendar

Example

My birthday is in September, and I always celebrate it with friends.

我的生日在九月，我总是和朋友一起庆祝。

C2 adjective /səˈleɪʃəs/

salacious

淫秽的

Meaning

Having or conveying undue or inappropriate sexual interest.

Example

The tabloid published a salacious story about the celebrity.

小报发布了关于名人的淫秽故事。

B2 adverb /ˈsiː.mɪŋ.li/

seemingly

表面上, 看起来平静

Meaning

appearing to be true, but not necessarily so

Example

He was seemingly calm despite the chaos around him.

尽管周围一片混乱，他看起来平静。

C1 verb /skɪmp/

skimp

节省

Meaning

to use less of something than is necessary in order to save money or effort

Example

Don’t skimp on quality when buying a new laptop.

购买新笔记本时不要节省质量。

A2 noun /soʊp/

Soap

肥皂

Meaning

a cleaning agent made from fats or oils and used for washing

Example

Please wash your hands with soap and water.

请用肥皂和水洗手。

B2 noun /sɜːˈveɪ.ləns/

surveillance

监控

Meaning

Close observation, especially of a suspected spy or criminal; continuous watching of a place, person, or situation.

Example

Government agencies conduct surveillance on cyber threats.

政府机构对网络威胁进行监控。

B2 noun /ˈspɒnsəʃɪp/

sponsorship

赞助

Meaning

the act of supporting an event, activity, person, or organization financially or through other resources

Example

The event was made possible due to the sponsorship of several big companies.

由于几家大公司的赞助，活动得以举行。

B1 noun /ˈsteɪtəs/

status

状态

Meaning

the social or professional position or condition of someone or something

Example

His social status improved after the promotion.

他的社会地位在晋升后得到了改善。

B2 noun /ˈstiː.mər/

Steamer

蒸汽船

Meaning

a ship or boat powered by steam engines

Example

The old steamer crossed the river slowly.

老蒸汽船慢慢地渡过了河。

B2 noun /səˈlɪsɪtər/

solicitor

律师

Meaning

A type of lawyer who gives legal advice and prepares legal documents, often representing clients in lower courts.

Example

She consulted a solicitor before signing the contract.

她在签署合同之前咨询了律师。

B2 noun /ˈspəʊkspɜːrsən/

spokesperson

发言人

Meaning

a person who speaks on behalf of others or an organization

Example

The spokesperson addressed the press conference on behalf of the company.

发言人代表公司在新闻发布会上发言。

A2 noun /ˈstjuːdiəʊ/

studio

工作室

Meaning

a room where an artist, photographer, musician, or broadcaster works

Example

The singer recorded her new song in the studio.

歌手在工作室录制了她的新歌。

B2 adjective səˈsteɪ.nə.bəl

sustainable

可持续的

Meaning

Able to be maintained at a certain rate or level; conserving an ecological balance.

Example

Sustainable practices mitigate environmental impact.

可持续的实践减少了对环境的影响。

C1 noun /ˈsteɪl.meɪt/

stalemate

僵局

Meaning

A situation in which no progress can be made or no party can win.

Example

Negotiations ended in a stalemate.

谈判陷入了僵局。

B2 noun /spaʊs/

spouse

配偶

Meaning

a person's husband or wife

Example

Each employee may include their spouse in the health insurance plan.

每个员工可以将配偶纳入健康保险计划。

B2 noun /ˈspəʊksmən/

spokesman

发言人

Meaning

a person who speaks on behalf of others, especially for a group or organization

Example

The spokesman addressed the crowd during the rally.

发言人在集会中向人群讲话。

C1 noun ˈsɒv.rɪn.ti

sovereignty

主权

Meaning

The authority of a state to govern itself or another state; supreme power or authority.

Example

Sovereignty is essential for a nation's identity.

主权对国家的身份至关重要。

A1 noun /skaɪ/

Sky

天空

Meaning

the region of the atmosphere and outer space seen from the earth

Example

The sky is blue today.

今天的天空是蓝色的。

C1 noun /səˈprɛʃən/

suppression

压制

Meaning

the act of forcibly stopping something or holding back feelings or actions

Example

The suppression of free speech led to protests.

言论自由的压制导致了抗议。

C2 noun /səˈlɪsɪˌtuːd/

solicitude

关心, 照顾

Meaning

Care or concern for someone or something.

Example

His mother showed great solicitude for his safety.

他的母亲对他的安全表现出极大的关心。

C1 noun /ˈstɛə.rɪ.əʊˌtaɪ.pɪŋ/

stereotyping

刻板印象

Meaning

A widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.

Example

Stereotyping people based on their race is harmful.

基于种族的刻板印象是有害的。

C2 noun /ˈsaʊər wʊd ˈæp.əl/

Sour wood apple

大象苹果

Meaning

a tropical fruit with hard shell and tangy flesh; elephant apple

Example

The sour wood apple has a unique taste that many people enjoy.

大象苹果有一种独特的味道，许多人喜欢。

A2 noun /ʃiːt/

sheet

床单

Meaning

a large piece of cloth or paper, typically used to cover or protect something

Example

I need a clean sheet to cover the bed.

我需要一张干净的床单来覆盖床铺。

C1 verb /skwiːl/

squeal

尖叫

Meaning

to make a high-pitched cry; to inform on someone

Example

The children squealed with delight when they saw the surprise.

孩子们看到惊喜时高兴地尖叫。

B2 verb /spɪn/

spin

旋转

Meaning

To turn around quickly or cause something to rotate

Example

The dancer began to spin gracefully on the stage.

舞者开始在舞台上优雅地旋转。

B2 noun, verb /stɛm/

stem

茎 / 遏制

Meaning

Noun: The main stalk of a plant. Verb: To stop or restrict the flow or development of something.

Example

The gardener cut the stem of the rose; New policies aim to stem the flow of pollution.

园丁剪下了玫瑰的茎；新政策旨在遏制污染的流动。

C1 adjective /ˈstɒdʒi/

stodgy

沉闷的，老式的

Meaning

Dull, uninspired, or old-fashioned; also heavy and hard to digest when referring to food.

Example

The lecture was so stodgy that many students struggled to stay awake.

讲座太沉闷了，以至于许多学生难以保持清醒。

A2 noun /siːt/

seat

座位

Meaning

a place to sit, especially a chair or other place for sitting

Example

I reserved a seat for you at the concert.

我为你在音乐会预定了一个座位。

B1 noun /ˈsiː.hɔːrs/

Sea-horse

海马

Meaning

a small marine fish with segmented bony armor, an upright posture, and a curled prehensile tail

Example

The seahorse gracefully floated among the coral reefs.

海马在珊瑚礁间优雅地漂浮。

C1 noun /ˌsɛnsəˈbɪləti/

Sensibility

感性

Meaning

the ability to appreciate and respond to complex emotional or aesthetic influences; sensitivity

Example

Her artistic sensibility made her appreciate fine details in paintings.

她的艺术感性使她能够欣赏画作中的细节。

B2 noun /səˈvaɪvl/

survival

生存

Meaning

the state of continuing to live or exist, typically in difficult conditions

Example

Survival in the wild can be a challenging experience.

在野外生存可能是一次充满挑战的经历。

B2 noun /ˈspəʊkswɪmən/

spokeswoman

发言人女性

Meaning

a woman who speaks on behalf of a group or organization

Example

The spokeswoman for the company announced the new product.

公司的发言人宣布了新产品。

C2 noun /spliːn/

spleen

脾脏; 愤怒

Meaning

an organ in the body that produces lymphocytes and filters blood; also refers to bad temper or spite

Example

He vented his spleen on his coworkers after the meeting.

会议后，他把愤怒发泄在同事身上。

C1 noun /ˈspɪnstər/

spinster

未婚女性

Meaning

An unmarried woman, often one who is older and considered unlikely to marry

Example

The novel featured a kind-hearted spinster who cared for the village children.

小说中有一位心地善良的未婚女性，她照顾着村里的孩子们。

C2 verb /ˌsuːpərɪnˈtɛnd/

superintend

监管

Meaning

to oversee and direct the work or operation of something

Example

She was hired to superintend the construction project.

她被聘用来监管建筑项目。

C2 noun /ˈseɪ.li.əns/

salience

显著性

Meaning

The quality of being particularly noticeable or important; prominence.

Example

The salience of the issue was highlighted in the debate.

该问题的显著性在辩论中得到了强调。

C2 noun /sɪˈkwiːlə/

sequela

后遗症

Meaning

A condition that is the consequence of a previous disease or injury.

Example

Lung scarring can be a sequela of severe pneumonia.

肺部瘢痕可能是重症肺炎的后遗症。

C1 noun /ˈstaɪləs/

stylus

触控笔

Meaning

a small tool used for writing, drawing, or touching screens

Example

She used a stylus to draw on her tablet.

她使用触控笔在平板电脑上绘画。

C1 noun /stɪˈlɛtoʊ/

stiletto

细高跟鞋 / 匕首

Meaning

A small, thin, high-heeled shoe or a dagger with a slender blade.

Example

She wore elegant stiletto heels to the party.

她穿着优雅的细高跟鞋去参加派对。

B2 noun /səˈspɛnʃən/

suspension

停赛

Meaning

The act of temporarily stopping something; also refers to a system in vehicles that absorbs shock.

Example

The player received a three-game suspension for misconduct.

该球员因不当行为被禁赛三场。

C1 noun /səˈbraɪəti/

sobriety

清醒

Meaning

the state of being sober; self-restraint and seriousness

Example

He has maintained his sobriety for five years.

他已经保持清醒五年了。

B1 noun ˈstrʌɡ.əl

struggle

斗争

Meaning

A forceful or violent effort to get free of restraint or resist attack; a determined effort under difficult circumstances.

Example

The struggle for independence united the nation.

独立斗争使国家团结。

Meaning

to kill or stop someone or something by squeezing the throat or restricting flow

Example

The villain tried to strangle his opponent in the dark alley.

C1 adjective /ˈʃɪp.ʃeɪp/

Shipshape

井井有条的; 组织良好的; 状况良好的

Meaning

neat and tidy; in good order; well-organized

Example

Everything was shipshape before the inspection.

在检查之前，一切都很完美。

C1 noun /ˈsəʊdiəm/

sodium

钠

Meaning

a soft, silver-white chemical element that is highly reactive and found in salt.

Example

Sodium is an essential element for maintaining fluid balance in the body.

钠是维持体内液体平衡的必需元素。

B2 adjective /ˈsɪk.li/

Sickly

虚弱; 生病; 苍白

Meaning

weak and unhealthy; prone to illness; appearing weak or pale

Example

The sickly child needed extra care and attention.

这个虚弱的孩子需要额外的照顾和关注。

C1 adjective /ˈskræpi/

scrappy

好斗 / 杂乱

Meaning

Determined and willing to fight or argue; also messy or disorganized.

Example

Despite being small, he was a scrappy fighter.

尽管身材小，他却是一个好斗的战士。

C2 adjective /ˈslɪpʃɒd/

slipshod

草率的, 马虎的

Meaning

done in a careless, sloppy, or untidy way

Example

The project failed due to slipshod planning.

由于草率的规划，项目失败了。

C1 noun /ˈstɒpɪdʒ/

stoppage

停顿; 停止

Meaning

The act of stopping or ceasing; a halt in operation or activity

Example

The sudden stoppage of the train caused delays for all passengers.

火车的突然停运导致所有乘客延误。

C2 noun /sɪˈnɛrəsɪs/

syneresis

协同作用

Meaning

The contraction of two adjacent vowels into a single syllable or the separation of liquid from a gel.

Example

The yogurt showed syneresis when liquid separated on top.

当液体在上面分离时，酸奶表现出协同作用。

C1 verb /ˈʃʌdər/

shudder

颤抖

Meaning

to tremble or shake suddenly, often due to fear, cold, or strong emotion

Example

She shuddered at the thought of walking alone in the dark forest.

她在想到独自走在黑暗森林中的时候不禁颤抖。

B2 verb /suːð/

soothe

安抚

Meaning

to calm or comfort; to relieve pain or distress

Example

The mother soothed her crying baby with a gentle lullaby.

妈妈用温柔的摇篮曲安抚她哭泣的宝宝。

C2 noun /ˈsælvoʊ/

salvo

齐射

Meaning

A simultaneous discharge of guns or release of bombs; a sudden outburst of cheers or applause.

Example

The soldiers fired a salvo to honor the fallen general.

士兵们开了一轮齐射，以向已故将军致敬。

B2 verb /siːz/

seize

夺取

Meaning

To take hold of suddenly and forcibly.

Example

The police managed to seize the stolen goods.

警察成功没收了被盗的货物。

A2 adjective /ˈskeəri/

scary

可怕

Meaning

causing fear or making you feel frightened

Example

That horror movie was really scary.

那部恐怖电影真的很吓人。

C2 noun /ˈsækrɪsti/

sacristy

圣器室

Meaning

a room in a church where sacred vessels and vestments are kept

Example

The priest entered the sacristy before the mass began.

神父在弥撒开始前进入了圣器室。

C2 adjective /ˈsmɑːrmi/

smarmy

奉承 / 虚伪的礼貌

Meaning

Excessively flattering or ingratiating, often insincerely.

Example

The salesman gave a smarmy pitch that felt fake.

销售员做了一个让人觉得虚假的奉承推销。

C1 adjective ˈsek.tər spəˈsɪf.ɪk

sector-specific

行业特定

Meaning

Relating to or designed for a particular sector or industry.

Example

Sector-specific policies attract targeted investments.

行业特定的政策吸引了定向投资。

C1 noun /stæɡˈneɪ.ʃən/

stagnation

停滞

Meaning

A state of inactivity or lack of growth, especially in an economy.

Example

High unemployment led to economic stagnation.

高失业率导致了经济停滞。

B2 adjective /sə'spɪʃ.əs/

Suspicious

可疑的；怀疑的

Meaning

having or showing distrust; doubtful; questionable

Example

The police found his behavior very suspicious.

警察发现他的行为非常可疑。

B1 verb /sɪˈlekt/

select

选择

Meaning

to choose from a number of alternatives; to pick out

Example

Please select your favorite color.

请选择您喜欢的颜色。

B2 noun səˈsteɪnəbl dɪˈvɛləpmənt

Sustainable Development

可持续发展

Meaning

Development that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Example

Eco-tourism contributes to sustainable development in local communities.

生态旅游有助于当地社区的可持续发展。

B1 adjective /skɪld/

Skilled

熟练

Meaning

having or showing the knowledge, ability, or training to perform certain activities or work well

Example

He is a skilled carpenter who can build beautiful furniture.

他是一位熟练的木匠，能做出美丽的家具。

A2 noun /ʃiːp/

sheep

羊

Meaning

a farm animal with thick wool that is raised for its wool, meat, and milk

Example

The farmer keeps a large flock of sheep.

农民养着一大群羊。

C1 adjective /ˈstoʊɪk/

stoic

冷静的, 无动于衷的

Meaning

Showing little or no emotion, even in difficult situations.

Example

She remained stoic during the crisis, never showing fear or panic.

她在危机中保持冷静，毫无恐惧或恐慌。

C1 verb /ʃraʊd/

shroud

覆盖

Meaning

to cover or hide; to wrap in cloth

Example

The mountain peak was shrouded in mist.

山顶被雾气笼罩。

C1 noun /sɪˈsɛʃən/

secession

分裂

Meaning

The action of formally withdrawing from membership of a federation or body.

Example

The secession of the southern states led to the Civil War.

南方各州的分裂导致了内战。

C2 noun /skɪf/

skiff

小船

Meaning

a small, light boat usually for one person

Example

The fisherman paddled his skiff across the lake.

渔夫划着他的“小船”穿过湖面。

A2 adverb /ˈsʌm.weər/

Somewhere

某处

Meaning

in or at some place; in an unspecified location

Example

I left my keys somewhere in the house.

我把钥匙放在屋子里的某处。

B2 noun, adjective /ˈsoʊʃəlɪst/

socialist

社会主义者

Meaning

a person who advocates for socialism; relating to socialism

Example

He is a well-known socialist writer.

他是一个著名的社会主义作家。

C1 noun /ˈʃær.ən fruːt/

Sharon fruit

沙龙水果

Meaning

a sweet orange persimmon fruit that can be eaten when firm

Example

The Sharon fruit is sweet and can be eaten like an apple.

沙龙水果很甜，可以像苹果一样食用。

B2 noun /ˈsiː.mən/

Seaman

海员

Meaning

a person who works on a ship; sailor

Example

The experienced seaman navigated the ship through the storm.

经验丰富的海员在风暴中导航。

C1 verb /skʌf/

scuff

擦伤

Meaning

to mark or scratch the surface of something by rubbing

Example

He scuffed his shoes on the pavement.

他在人行道上擦伤了他的鞋子。

A2 adjective /ʃɑːrp/

Sharp

锋利; 强烈; 突然和强烈; 快速理解

Meaning

having a cutting edge or point; sudden and intense; quick to understand

Example

The knife has a very sharp blade.

刀片非常锋利。

C1 verb/noun /stuːp/

stoop

幸福

Meaning

To bend one's body forward and downward; also a small porch or staircase at the entrance of a house

Example

He had to stoop to pick up the coin.

当她收到奖项时，她无法隐藏自己的幸福。

C1 adjective /stjuːˈpɛndəs/

stupendous

惊人的

Meaning

extremely impressive; amazing in size, degree, or excellence

Example

The magician’s performance was simply stupendous.

魔术师的表演简直是惊人的。

C2 noun /ˈswɑːvɪti/

suavity

优雅与魅力

Meaning

smoothness and charm in manner

Example

His suavity made him popular in social gatherings.

他的优雅与魅力使他在社交聚会中很受欢迎。

C2 adjective /sɪˈbeɪʃəs/

sebaceous

与皮脂相关

Meaning

Relating to or secreting sebum, an oily substance from the skin.

Example

Acne is often caused by overactive sebaceous glands.

痤疮通常是由过度活跃的皮脂腺引起的。

B2 verb ˈsiːlɪŋ

sealing

封闭，密封

Meaning

The action of closing or blocking something to prevent entry or escape.

Example

Sealing cracks in the walls can prevent pests from entering.

密封墙壁上的裂缝可以防止害虫进入。

B2 noun /ˌsɛpəˈreɪʃən/

Separation

分离；隔离；拆分

Meaning

the action or state of moving or being moved apart; the division of something into constituent or distinct elements

Example

The separation of the two countries was peaceful.

两个国家的分离是和平的。

C1 verb /ˈʃækəl/

shackle

束缚

Meaning

to chain or restrain; to restrict someone’s actions or freedom

Example

Outdated regulations shackle small businesses and slow innovation.

过时的规定束缚了小企业并减缓了创新。

A1 noun /striːt/

street

街道

Meaning

a public road in a city or town, typically with buildings on one or both sides

Example

He walked down the street to the park.

他走在街上去公园。

B1 verb /stiːl/

steal

偷窃

Meaning

to take something without permission; to rob

Example

It's wrong to steal from others.

从别人那里偷东西是错的。