C1 verb /ˈnʌrɪʃ/

nourish

滋养

Meaning

To provide with food or other substances necessary for growth, health, and good condition

Example

Good books nourish the mind.

好书滋养心灵。

B2 noun /dɪˈfɛndər/

defender

防守者

Meaning

a person who protects someone or something from harm or attack

Example

The defender blocked the shot and saved the goal.

防守者挡住了射门并拯救了进球。

B2 noun prəˈdʒɛk.ʃən

projection

声音投射

Meaning

The strength and range of voice when speaking.

Example

Proper projection ensures that every listener hears clearly.

适当的投射确保每个听众都能清晰地听到。

A2 verb /liːd/

lead

领导

Meaning

To guide or be in charge; to show the way.

Example

He led the team to victory.

他带领团队走向胜利。

C1 noun /ˈbenɪˌfæktər/

Benefactor

捐赠人; 慈善家; 赞助人

Meaning

a person who gives money or other help to support a person or cause; a patron

Example

The anonymous benefactor donated millions to the hospital.

匿名捐助者向医院捐赠了数百万。

A1 modal verb /kʊd/

could

可以

Meaning

Used to indicate possibility, ability, or permission in the past or as a polite suggestion.

Example

He could swim when he was a child.

他小时候可以游泳。

C2 noun /ˈpaʊ.waʊ/

powwow

非正式会议

Meaning

an informal meeting or conference to discuss something

Example

The team held a quick powwow before the presentation.

团队在演示之前举行了一个快速的非正式会议。

C1 verb /ˈblækən/

blacken

使变黑

Meaning

to make something black or darker; to stain, soil, or tarnish

Example

Smoke from the fire began to blacken the walls.

火灾的烟开始把墙壁熏黑了。

C2 verb (past tense, past participle), adjective /ˈhæmstrʌŋ/

hamstrung

瘫痪或受限

Meaning

crippled or severely restricted in movement or progress.

Example

The team was hamstrung by lack of resources.

由于资源匮乏，团队陷入困境。

C1 adjective /dɪˈfʌŋkt/

defunct

停用，废弃

Meaning

No longer existing, operating, or functioning.

Example

The company became defunct after the financial crisis.

这家公司在金融危机后不再运作。

C2 adjective /ˈɑːsɪˌfaɪd/

ossified

变成骨头，僵硬

Meaning

Turned into bone or become rigid; unwilling to change.

Example

The company had an ossified management structure that resisted innovation.

该公司有一个僵化的管理结构，抵制创新。

C1 adjective /ˈskrɔːni/

scrawny

瘦弱

Meaning

very thin and bony, often looking unhealthy

Example

The scrawny boy could barely lift the heavy bag.

那个瘦弱的男孩几乎无法提起沉重的包。

B1 verb /θrɪl/

Thrill

激动

Meaning

to cause someone to feel very excited and pleased

Example

The roller coaster ride thrills adventure seekers.

过山车之旅让冒险爱好者感到兴奋。

B2 noun /əˈfens/

Offence

罪行; 侵犯法规

Meaning

a breach of law or rule; an annoyance or resentment

Example

Stealing is a serious offence punishable by law.

盗窃是严重的罪行，依法可追究。

A2 adjective /ˈkreɪzi/

Crazy

疯狂的; 极其愚蠢; 对某事狂热

Meaning

mentally ill; extremely foolish; wildly enthusiastic about something

Example

That's a crazy idea, but it might just work.

这是一个疯狂的想法，但它可能会奏效。

B2 noun /ˈmeɪn.tən.əns/

maintenance

维护

Meaning

The process of keeping something in proper working condition; upkeep.

Example

Regular maintenance increases the lifespan of machines.

定期维护可延长机器的寿命。

C2 verb /prəˈpɪʃieɪt/

propitiate

安抚

Meaning

to win or regain the favor of someone by doing something that pleases them

Example

He offered gifts to propitiate the angry gods.

他提供礼物来安抚愤怒的神明。

C1 verb /sɪndʒ/

singe

轻微燃烧

Meaning

To burn something superficially or lightly, especially at the edges.

Example

The fire singed his eyebrows.

火焰烧焦了他的眉毛。

C1 noun /ˈkɒləmnɪst/

columnist

专栏作家

Meaning

a journalist who regularly writes articles or opinions for a newspaper or magazine

Example

The columnist wrote an article about climate change.

专栏作家写了一篇关于气候变化的文章。

B2 noun /ˈtæd.poʊl/

Tadpole

蝌蚪

Meaning

the larval stage of a frog or toad, having gills and a tail

Example

The pond was full of tadpoles swimming around.

池塘里到处是游动的蝌蚪。

Meaning

A picture or pattern produced by arranging together small pieces of stone, tile, or glass.

Example

The church ceiling was decorated with a beautiful mosaic.

C1 verb /ˌdɪsɪnˈtæŋɡl/

disentangle

解开

Meaning

To free something or someone from a tangle or complication.

Example

She tried to disentangle her hair from the branches.

她试图把头发从树枝上解开。

C1 noun /ɡræft/

Graft

嫁接; 腐败

Meaning

a shoot or twig inserted into a slit on the trunk of a living tree to form a new growth; corruption in politics or business

Example

The gardener used a graft to combine different varieties of apple trees.

园丁用嫁接法将不同品种的苹果树结合在一起。

B2 noun /ˈlænd.ɪŋ/

Landing

着陆

Meaning

the action of coming to rest on the ground or another surface; a level area at the top of a staircase

Example

The pilot made a smooth landing despite the stormy weather conditions.

飞行员尽管遇到风暴天气条件，但顺利着陆。

C2 noun /ɪnˈvɛstɪtʃər/

investiture

授职仪式

Meaning

the formal ceremony of conferring authority, rank, or office

Example

The king held an investiture ceremony for the new knight.

国王为新骑士举行了授职仪式。

C2 verb /ɪˈnjʊər/

inure

习惯

Meaning

To become accustomed to something, especially something unpleasant.

Example

Soldiers quickly became inured to the harsh conditions.

士兵们迅速适应了严酷的条件。

B2 adjective /əˈpəʊzd/

opposed

反对的

Meaning

being against or in disagreement with something

Example

She is strongly opposed to animal testing.

她坚决反对动物实验。

C2 adjective /ˌriːkruːˈdɛsənt/

recrudescent

重新爆发

Meaning

reviving or breaking out again after a period of abatement

Example

Recrudescent tensions threatened the fragile ceasefire.

重新爆发的紧张局势威胁到脆弱的停火协议。

B2 verb /kreɪv/

crave

渴望, 强烈的欲望

Meaning

to have a strong desire for something

Example

She craves adventure and often travels to remote places.

她渴望冒险，并经常前往偏远的地方。

B2 noun dɪˈplɔɪmənt

deployment

部署

Meaning

The action of bringing resources into effective action.

Example

The deployment of the new software was completed successfully.

新软件的部署成功完成。

A2 adverb /ɪnˈstɛd/

instead

代替

Meaning

As an alternative or substitute.

Example

She didn’t buy the dress; instead, she chose a pair of shoes.

她没有买那件裙子; 反而她选择了一双鞋子。

C2 adjective /ˈmiːliˌmaʊðd/

mealymouthed

含糊其辞

Meaning

not willing to speak directly and honestly; evasive in speech

Example

The politician gave a mealymouthed response to the tough question.

那位政治家对这个难题的回答含糊其辞。

C2 noun, verb /ˈkaʊntərˌtʃɑːrdʒ/

countercharge

反诉

Meaning

an opposing charge or accusation; to make an opposing attack

Example

The lawyer filed a countercharge against the accuser.

律师对指控者提起了反诉。

C2 noun /ˈhʌstɪŋz/

hustings

竞选活动

Meaning

the political campaigning and speeches before an election

Example

The candidate gained popularity during the hustings.

候选人在竞选活动期间赢得了人气。

B1 noun ˈstrʌɡ.əl

struggle

斗争

Meaning

A forceful or violent effort to get free of restraint or resist attack; a determined effort under difficult circumstances.

Example

The struggle for independence united the nation.

独立斗争使国家团结。

C2 adjective /ˌɪndaɪˈdʒestəbəl/

Indigestible

难以消化; 难以处理

Meaning

difficult or impossible to digest; hard to process in the stomach

Example

The old bread became hard and indigestible.

老面包变得坚硬且难以消化。

C2 noun /rɪˈfrækʃən/

refraction

折射

Meaning

The bending of light, sound, or other waves when they pass from one medium to another of different density.

Example

The refraction of light in water makes objects appear bent.

水中的光折射使物体看起来弯曲。

C1 verb /kəˈrəʊd/

corrode

腐蚀

Meaning

to gradually destroy or wear away metal or other materials through chemical action

Example

The iron pipes corroded over time due to exposure to water.

铁管因暴露在水中而随着时间的推移而腐蚀。

B1 verb /ˈkwɒlɪfaɪ/

qualify

取得资格

Meaning

to successfully complete a course or pass an exam; to become eligible

Example

She worked hard to qualify for the competition.

她努力工作以取得比赛的资格。

C2 adjective /ˈæn.ə.daɪn/

anodyne

无害的，缓解疼痛的

Meaning

Not likely to cause offense; bland or harmless. Also refers to something that relieves pain.

Example

The speaker’s anodyne remarks avoided controversy.

演讲者的无害评论避免了争议。

B2 adverb /ˈpʌŋk.tʃu.əl.i/

Punctually

准时

Meaning

at the exact time arranged; on time; not late

Example

She always arrives punctually for meetings.

她总是准时到达会议。

C2 noun /ˌpɛkjʊˈleɪʃən/

peculation

挪用公款

Meaning

The act of embezzling or stealing money, especially from public funds.

Example

The minister resigned after being accused of peculation.

部长在被指控参与挪用公款后辞职。

C2 noun /ˈæpəˌθɛm/

apothegm

格言, 名言

Meaning

A short, witty, and instructive saying or maxim.

Example

His speech was filled with apothegms about life and success.

他的演讲充满了关于生活和成功的格言。

B2 noun /dɪˌskrɪm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

Discrimination

歧视; 不公正待遇; 偏见

Meaning

the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people; recognition of difference

Example

The company was sued for racial discrimination in their hiring practices.

该公司因其招聘中存在种族歧视而被起诉。

B2 verb, noun, adjective /ˈtɛndər/

tender

提议 / 温柔

Meaning

to offer formally; soft and delicate in texture or character; a formal offer or proposal

Example

The company tendered its resignation to the board.

公司向董事会提出了辞职申请。

C1 noun /ˈfren.zi/

Frenzy

狂热

Meaning

a state or period of uncontrolled excitement or wild behavior; intense activity

Example

The announcement of the sale created a shopping frenzy at the mall.

销售公告在商场引发了一场购物狂潮。

C2 adjective /ɪnˈvʌlnərəbl/

invulnerable

无敌

Meaning

Impossible to harm, damage, or defeat.

Example

The fortress was thought to be invulnerable to attack.

堡垒被认为无法受到攻击。

C1 adjective /ˌɔːrθəˈpiːdɪk/

orthopedic

与骨骼或肌肉畸形的矫正有关

Meaning

Relating to the correction of deformities of bones or muscles.

Example

She visited an orthopedic surgeon for her back pain.

她因为背痛去看了骨科医生。

C1 noun /ˈmjuːtɪni/

mutiny

叛乱

Meaning

an open rebellion against authority, especially by soldiers or sailors

Example

The sailors staged a mutiny against their captain.

水手们发动了对他们船长的叛乱。

B2 adjective /ʌnˈbiːtən/

Unbeaten

不败的; 未被击败的

Meaning

not defeated; having never lost; undefeated

Example

The team remains unbeaten this season.

这个团队本赛季保持不败。

C2 noun /ˈkæθoʊd/

cathode

负极

Meaning

The negative electrode in a device such as a battery or tube, where electrons enter.

Example

The cathode emits electrons in the tube.

阴极在管中发射电子。

A2 noun /ˌʌndərˈstændɪŋ/

understanding

理解

Meaning

the ability to grasp the meaning, significance, or nature of something

Example

Her understanding of the issue was impressive.

她对这个问题的理解令人印象深刻。

C2 noun /ɪmˌprɒb.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/

Improbability

不可能性

Meaning

the quality or state of being improbable; unlikely to be true or to happen

Example

The improbability of winning the lottery twice didn't stop her from buying tickets.

两次赢得彩票的可能性几乎为零，但她仍然买了票。

B2 noun /ˈwɪzdəm/

Wisdom

智慧; 知识; 判断力

Meaning

the quality of having experience, knowledge, and good judgment; the soundness of an action or decision

Example

Age brings wisdom and experience.

年龄带来智慧和经验。

A1 noun /ˈvɪlɪdʒ/

village

村庄

Meaning

a small community or group of houses in a rural area

Example

They live in a small village surrounded by mountains.

他们住在一个被山脉环绕的小村庄里。

B2 verb /ˈstɑːrtl/

startle

吓到

Meaning

To surprise or frighten someone suddenly.

Example

The loud noise startled the children.

大声的噪音让孩子们吓了一跳。

B2 noun, adjective /ˌpəʊstˈɡrædʒuət/

postgraduate

研究生

Meaning

A student who has completed a first degree and is studying for a further degree.

Example

She is doing postgraduate research in physics.

她正在做物理学的研究生研究。

B1 adjective /ˈmɑːrvələs/

Marvellous

了不起的; 奇妙的; 令人惊叹的

Meaning

extremely good; wonderful; causing great wonder

Example

The view from the mountain was marvellous.

山上的景色真是太棒了。

C1 noun /daɪˈvɜː.ʃən/

Diversion

偏离

Meaning

the action of turning something aside from its course; an activity that diverts the mind

Example

The road closure forced a diversion through the countryside for all travelers.

道路封闭迫使所有旅行者通过乡村绕道而行。

C2 adjective /ˈɡɑːrbəld/

garbled

混乱的

Meaning

Describes speech or text that is distorted or unclear.

Example

The radio broadcast was full of garbled messages.

广播中充满了难以理解的信息。

B2 verb /ˌriː.kənˈstrʌkt/

reconstruct

重建

Meaning

to build or form something again after it has been damaged or destroyed

Example

The city was reconstructed after the earthquake.

这座城市在地震后重新建设。

C2 noun /ɪnˈtɒksɪkənt/

intoxicant

醉品

Meaning

a substance, especially alcohol or a drug, that causes intoxication

Example

Alcohol is the most commonly used intoxicant in many cultures.

酒精是许多文化中最常用的醉品。

B2 adjective /ˈmæn.dəˌtɔːr.i/

mandatory

强制性的

Meaning

required by law or rules; compulsory

Example

Wearing seat belts is mandatory in most countries.

在大多数国家，佩戴安全带是强制性的。

C1 adjective /ˈpæl.ɪd/

Pallid

苍白，特别是因为健康不好；缺乏实质或活力

Meaning

pale, especially because of poor health; lacking substance or vitality

Example

His pallid complexion showed signs of illness.

他苍白的面色显示出生病的迹象。

C2 adjective /ˈlæŋɡwɪd/

Languid

无力的; 懒惰的; 虚弱的

Meaning

lacking energy or vitality; slow and relaxed; weak or faint

Example

After the long journey, she felt languid and needed to rest.

经过长时间的旅程后，她感到无力并需要休息。

C1 verb /ˈpæri/

parry

挡开攻击

Meaning

to ward off or deflect an attack, especially in fencing or conversation

Example

He managed to parry the opponent’s sword with quick reflexes.

他凭借快速的反应成功挡开了对手的剑。

B1 noun ɪnˈvestmənt

investment

投资

Meaning

The action or process of investing money for profit or material result.

Example

Investment in waste management infrastructure is essential.

废物管理基础设施的投资至关重要。

C2 noun /məˈnɒkrəsi/

monocracy

独裁制

Meaning

A system of government by a single person; autocracy.

Example

The nation suffered under decades of monocracy.

国家在几十年的独裁制下遭受痛苦。

B1 noun /ɪnˈtɛnʃən/

intention

意图

Meaning

A plan, aim, or purpose behind an action.

Example

Her intention was to finish the project before the deadline.

她的意图是在截止日期之前完成项目。

C2 adjective /əˈsiːtɪk/

acetic

醋酸的

Meaning

relating to or containing acetic acid; sour or vinegary in taste or smell

Example

The acetic smell of vinegar filled the kitchen.

醋的醋酸味充满了厨房。

C1 noun /kənˈveɪəns/

conveyance

运输

Meaning

The action or process of transporting or carrying someone or something from one place to another.

Example

The conveyance of goods was delayed due to bad weather.

由于恶劣的天气，货物的运输被延迟。

C2 noun /ˌbɪbliəʊˈmeɪniə/

bibliomania

书籍癖

Meaning

An extreme obsession with collecting or possessing books.

Example

His bibliomania led him to fill every room with books.

他的书籍癖使他把每个房间都塞满了书。

C1 adjective /ˌwɛlˈbrɛd/

well-bred

有教养的

Meaning

Having or showing good manners; properly raised.

Example

She is a well-bred young lady with excellent manners.

她是一个有教养的年轻女士，举止优雅。

C2 noun /ˌkɔːrnjuˈkoʊpiə/

cornucopia

某物的丰盈或溢出的供应

Meaning

an abundance or overflowing supply of something

Example

The festival offered a cornucopia of fruits and sweets.

节日提供了丰盛的水果和糖果。

C1 noun /kənˈtɪnjuəm/

continuum

连续体

Meaning

A continuous sequence in which adjacent elements are not perceptibly different from each other, but the extremes are quite distinct.

Example

Life and death are often seen as part of the same continuum.

生与死常常被视为同一连续体的一部分。

C1 adjective /əˈɡæst/

aghast

震惊

Meaning

filled with shock or horror

Example

The audience was aghast at the tragic scene.

观众对悲惨的场面感到震惊。

C2 noun /ˈɒbsɪkwiːz/

obsequies

葬礼仪式

Meaning

Funeral rites or ceremonies.

Example

The obsequies for the late leader drew thousands of mourners.

已故领导人的葬礼吸引了成千上万的哀悼者。

C1 verb /dɪsˈfɪɡjər/

disfigure

毁容

Meaning

to spoil or damage the appearance of something

Example

The fire disfigured the old building.

火灾毁容了那座老建筑。

B2 adjective /ˈrʌn daʊn/

run-down

破旧的

Meaning

in a poor condition; worn out or neglected

Example

They live in a run-down house at the edge of town.

他们住在城市边缘的一座破旧的房子里。

C1 noun, verb /ˈbʌtrəs/

buttress

扶壁，支撑

Meaning

a structure built against a wall for support; to support or strengthen

Example

The cathedral walls were buttressed to prevent collapse.

大教堂的墙壁被支撑以防止倒塌。

C2 noun /raɪm/

rime

霜

Meaning

frost formed on cold surfaces by freezing water vapor

Example

The trees were covered with a white rime after the cold night.

树木在寒冷的夜晚后被白色霜覆盖。

C1 adjective /ˈheɪ.zi/

Hazy

朦胧的; 模糊的; 不清楚的

Meaning

covered with haze; unclear or vague; lacking clarity

Example

The mountain tops were hazy in the morning mist.

山顶在早晨的雾气中显得朦胧。

C2 verb /ɡɜːrd/

gird

系上

Meaning

to encircle with a belt or band; to prepare for action

Example

The knight girded his sword before battle.

骑士在战斗前系好剑。

C1 adjective /ʌnˈbraɪdld/

unbridled

无法控制的

Meaning

Uncontrolled and unrestrained.

Example

The protesters showed unbridled enthusiasm for change.

抗议者展示了对改变的无法抑制的热情。

B2 noun /sərˈkʌmfərəns/

circumference

周长

Meaning

the distance around the edge of a circle

Example

The teacher asked us to calculate the circumference of the circle.

老师让我们计算圆的周长。

B2 verb /paɪn/

pine

渴望

Meaning

to long intensely for something or someone; to suffer from longing

Example

He pined for his hometown after moving abroad.

他搬到国外后，非常想念他的家乡。

A2 noun /ˈɔːtoʊ/

auto

汽车

Meaning

A motor vehicle, especially a car.

Example

He drove his auto to the market.

他开车去了市场。

C1 noun /ɪnˈfɜːməri/

infirmary

医务室

Meaning

A hospital or place where the sick or injured are cared for.

Example

The school had an infirmary for minor injuries.

学校为轻微受伤提供了医务室。

B2 verb /dɪˈspætʃ/

dispatch

派遣

Meaning

to send off to a destination or for a purpose

Example

The company dispatched aid to the flood victims.

公司向洪水受害者派遣了援助。

C1 verb /ˈstaɪfəld/

stifled

压制

Meaning

to suppress, hold back, or prevent something from happening

Example

He stifled a laugh during the serious meeting.

他在严肃的会议中压制了笑声。

C1 noun /juːˈtoʊpiə/

utopia

乌托邦

Meaning

An imagined perfect society or place where everything is ideal.

Example

Many philosophers dreamed of creating a utopia for humanity.

许多哲学家梦想着为人类创造一个乌托邦。

C1 adjective /ˈbʊkɪʃ/

Bookish

爱读书的; 学术的

Meaning

studious; scholarly; devoted to reading and studying

Example

She was known for her bookish nature and love of literature.

她以书本亲和的天性和对文学的热爱而闻名。

A1 noun /ʃuː/

Shoe

鞋子

Meaning

covering for the foot, typically made of leather or cloth

Example

She bought a new pair of running shoes for exercise.

她买了一双新的跑步鞋来锻炼。

B1 adjective /ˈkɜːrli/

curly

卷曲的

Meaning

having curls or waves; shaped with bends or coils

Example

She has naturally curly hair.

她有自然的卷曲头发。

C1 adjective ɪmˈpɛkəbl

impeccable

完美无瑕

Meaning

In accordance with the highest standards; faultless.

Example

His impeccable taste in fashion was admired by all his peers.

他的完美品味在时尚界得到了所有同事的赞赏。

A2 noun /ˈsiː.nər.i/

Scenery

风景

Meaning

the natural features of a landscape; the painted background used on a theater stage

Example

The mountain scenery was breathtakingly beautiful.

山脉的风景令人叹为观止。

C1 noun /taɪˈkuːn/

tycoon

富豪

Meaning

a wealthy, powerful businessperson

Example

The real estate tycoon invested in several skyscrapers.

房地产富豪投资了多座摩天大楼。

C1 adjective /pərˈpɔːrtɪd/

purported

所谓的

Meaning

alleged or claimed to be true, often without proof

Example

The purported evidence was later proven false.

所谓的证据后来被证明是错误的。

A2 verb /ˈprɒmɪs/

promise

承诺

Meaning

to assure someone that one will definitely do something; to give one's word

Example

I promise to help you with your homework.

我承诺帮助你做作业。

B2 noun ˈkrɪp.toʊˌkɝː.ən.si

cryptocurrency

加密货币

Meaning

Decentralized digital currency operated using blockchain technology.

Example

Bitcoin is the most popular cryptocurrency in the market.

比特币是市场上最受欢迎的加密货币。

A2 noun/verb /ˈbʌdʒɪt/

budget

预算

Meaning

An estimate of income and expenditure for a set period of time; to plan expenses and income.

Example

The family created a budget to manage their expenses.

家庭制定了预算来管理开支。

C1 noun dɪˈfleɪʃən

deflation

通货紧缩

Meaning

Reduction of the general level of prices in an economy.

Example

Deflation often leads to decreased consumer spending.

通货紧缩往往导致消费者支出减少。

C1 adjective /ˈlæk.tɪk/

lactic

与牛奶或乳酸相关

Meaning

Relating to milk or lactic acid.

Example

Intense exercise can lead to a buildup of lactic acid in the muscles.

剧烈运动可能会导致肌肉中乳酸的积聚。

B2 adjective /dæmp/

damp

潮湿的

Meaning

slightly wet, often in an unpleasant way

Example

The room felt cold and damp after the rain.

下雨后，房间感觉又冷又潮湿。

C1 adjective /ˈʃeɪp.ləs/

Shapeless

无形的

Meaning

having no definite or well-defined shape or form

Example

The fog created a shapeless mass in the distance.

雾气在远处形成了无形的团块。

A2 adverb /twaɪs/

twice

两次

Meaning

two times

Example

I have seen that movie twice.

我看过那部电影两次。

C1 verb /ˈslækən/

slacken

放松

Meaning

to make or become less tight, less active, or slower

Example

The driver slackened his speed as he approached the village.

司机在接近村庄时放慢了速度。

C2 adjective /ˈbɛlɪˌkoʊs/

bellicose

好战的

Meaning

Showing a tendency to argue or fight; aggressive.

Example

His bellicose attitude often got him into unnecessary conflicts.

他好战的态度常常让他卷入不必要的冲突。

C1 noun /ˌæɡ.rəˈveɪ.ʃən/

aggravation

恶化, 加剧

Meaning

The act of making a situation worse or the state of being worsened.

Example

The delay caused great aggravation for the passengers.

延误给乘客带来了极大的困扰。

C1 adjective, noun /ˈpæstərəl/

pastoral

乡村的，与牧羊人相关

Meaning

relating to the countryside, shepherds, or rural life; also relating to spiritual guidance by a pastor

Example

The painting had a calm pastoral scene with sheep grazing.

这幅画展示了一个安静的田园场景，羊群在吃草。

C1 verb /ɪmˈpɛrɪl/

imperil

使处于危险中

Meaning

To put in danger or at risk.

Example

Reckless driving can imperil the lives of others.

鲁莽驾驶可能会危及他人的生命。

C2 noun /ˌmɪn.ɪˈstreɪ.ʃən/

ministration

服务

Meaning

The act of providing care, assistance, or religious service.

Example

She recovered thanks to the kind ministrations of the nurses.

她感谢护士们亲切的照料而康复。