investigate
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B1 verb /ɪnˈvɛs.tɪ.ɡeɪt/

investigate

调查
Meaning
to carry out a systematic inquiry to discover facts or information
Example
The police will investigate the incident thoroughly.
警方将彻底调查此事件。
B1 verb ɪnˈkriːsɪŋ

increasing

增加
Meaning
Becoming or making greater in size, amount, intensity, or degree; growing.
Example
Increasing awareness about education is necessary.
提高对教育的意识是必要的。
C1 noun ɪnˌɛv.ɪ.təˈbɪl.ɪ.ti

inevitability

必然性
Meaning
The quality of being certain to happen and impossible to avoid or prevent.
Example
The inevitability of change is a part of life.
变化的必然性是生活的一部分。
C2 noun /ˌɪn.ʌnˈdeɪ.ʃən/

inundation

洪水
Meaning
The act of flooding or overwhelming with water or things.
Example
The town suffered from a severe inundation after the heavy rains.
该市在暴雨后遭受了严重的洪水。
C1 noun /ˈɪnlɛt/

inlet

水道口
Meaning
A small arm of the sea, a lake, or a river; an opening or passage for entry.
Example
The boat entered a narrow inlet along the coast.
船只进入了沿海的一条狭窄的水道口。
B2 noun, verb /ɪntʃ/

inch

英寸 / 缓慢移动
Meaning
A unit of length equal to 2.54 centimeters; or to move slowly and carefully in small amounts.
Example
She inched closer to the edge of the stage.
她慢慢靠近舞台的边缘。
B2 verb /ɪnˈfɜːr/

infer

Meaning
to conclude or deduce something from evidence and reasoning rather than from explicit statements
Example
From his silence, I inferred that he was not happy with the decision.
C2 noun /ˈɪɡ.nəˌmɪn.i/

ignominy

耻辱
Meaning
Public shame, disgrace, or dishonor.
Example
He lived the rest of his life in ignominy after the scandal.
他在丑闻后余生都活在耻辱中。
C1 verb /ɪnˈterəˌɡeɪt/

interrogate

审问
Meaning
to ask someone questions in a thorough and formal way; to question intensively
Example
The police interrogated the suspect for hours.
警察审问嫌疑人几个小时。
C1 noun /ɪnˈfɜːməri/

infirmary

医务室
Meaning
A hospital or place where the sick or injured are cared for.
Example
The school had an infirmary for minor injuries.
学校为轻微受伤提供了医务室。
B1 verb /ɪnˈvɛnt/

invent

发明
Meaning
to create or design something that has not existed before
Example
Thomas Edison invented the electric bulb.
托马斯·爱迪生发明了电灯泡。
C2 noun /ɪnˈɡrætɪˌtjuːd/

ingratitude

忘恩负义
Meaning
Lack of gratitude; failure to show thanks or appreciation.
Example
His ingratitude hurt her feelings after all she had done for him.
他的忘恩负义伤害了她的感情，尽管她为他做了这么多。
C1 noun /ˌɪnklɪˈneɪʃən/

inclination

倾向
Meaning
A natural tendency or urge to act or feel in a particular way.
Example
She has an inclination towards helping others.
她有帮助他人的倾向。
B2 adjective /ɪˈmjuːn/

immune

免疫的
Meaning
protected from disease or from the effects of something
Example
Children who are vaccinated are immune to many diseases.
接种疫苗的孩子对许多疾病免疫。
C2 adjective /ɪnˈsɛptɪv/

inceptive

初始
Meaning
Relating to or marking the beginning or initial stage of something.
Example
The inceptive phase of the project was marked by enthusiastic planning.
项目的初始阶段是通过充满热情的规划来标志的。
C2 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈvɜːrtɪbəl/

indivertible

Meaning
Not able to be turned aside or diverted.
Example
The judge's indivertible attention was on the case.
C1 verb /ɪnˈvɜːrt/

invert

翻转
Meaning
To turn something upside down or in the opposite position, order, or direction.
Example
He inverted the glass to let the water drain out.
他翻转了玻璃杯，让水流出来。
C1 noun ˌɪnˈsaɪtfʊlnɪs

insightfulness

洞察力，分析能力
Meaning
The capacity to gain an accurate and deep intuitive understanding of a person or thing.
Example
His insightfulness helped solve the complex problem.
他的洞察力帮助解决了复杂的问题。
C1 noun /ˈɪmɪnəns/

imminence

即将发生，临近状态
Meaning
the state of being about to happen
Example
The imminence of the storm forced people to take shelter.
风暴的临近使人们不得不寻找庇护所。
B2 verb /ɪnˈdʌldʒ/

indulge

纵容
Meaning
to allow oneself to enjoy something enjoyable, often excessively
Example
He indulged in a piece of chocolate cake after dinner.
他在晚餐后沉浸在一块巧克力蛋糕中。
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɛl/

impel

Meaning
to drive, force, or urge someone to do something
Example
Her curiosity impelled her to open the mysterious box.
C2 noun /aɪˈdɒlətri/

idolatry

偶像崇拜
Meaning
The worship of idols or extreme admiration for someone or something.
Example
The priest condemned the idolatry practiced in the village.
牧师谴责了在村里实践的偶像崇拜。
C2 noun /aɪər/

ire

愤怒, 激怒
Meaning
intense anger or rage
Example
The new policy provoked the ire of the employees.
新政策激怒了员工。
B2 adjective /ˈaɪ.dəl/

Idle

懒惰的; 不活跃的; 没有工作的
Meaning
lazy; inactive; not working or being used
Example
The factory workers were idle during the strike.
工厂工人在罢工期间闲置。
B2 noun ˈɪnəveɪtɪv tuːlz

innovative tools

创新工具
Meaning
Creative devices or advanced technologies that introduce new methods or approaches to accomplish tasks.
Example
Teachers use innovative tools to enhance classroom learning.
教师使用创新工具来提高课堂学习。
C2 adjective /ˌɪnkɒntrəˈvɜːtəbl/

incontrovertible

不可否认
Meaning
impossible to deny or dispute; unquestionable
Example
The evidence was incontrovertible and proved his innocence.
证据是不可否认的，并证明了他的清白。
C2 noun /ˈɪl.i.æd/

iliad

伊利亚特
Meaning
An ancient Greek epic poem attributed to Homer, describing the events of the Trojan War.
Example
Students studied the Iliad to understand Greek mythology and heroism.
学生们学习了《伊利亚特》，以理解希腊神话和英雄主义。
B1 noun /ɪnˈstrʌkʃən/

instruction

指令
Meaning
Detailed information telling how something should be done or operated.
Example
Please read the instruction carefully before using the machine.
请在使用机器前仔细阅读指令。
C2 noun /ɪmˈpjuːɪsəns/

impuissance

无能, 无力
Meaning
inability to take effective action; helplessness
Example
The government’s impuissance in the face of crisis frustrated the people.
政府在危机面前的无能让人民感到沮丧。
C2 adjective /ˌɪnfəˈlɪsɪtəs/

infelicitous

不合适的
Meaning
not suitable or well chosen; awkward or unfortunate
Example
His infelicitous remark ruined the atmosphere of the meeting.
他不合适的评论破坏了会议的氛围。
C2 noun /ɪnˈsaɪzər/

incisor

切牙
Meaning
a narrow-edged tooth at the front of the mouth, adapted for cutting
Example
The dentist noted that his upper left incisor was chipped.
牙医注意到他的上左切牙裂开了。
C1 noun /ˌɪndɪɡˈneɪʃən/

indignation

愤慨
Meaning
Strong displeasure or anger caused by something unjust, offensive, or insulting.
Example
Public indignation grew after the unfair verdict.
在不公正的裁决之后，公众的愤慨情绪上升。
C2 adjective /ɪnˈsɪpiənt/

incipient

初期的
Meaning
in an initial stage; beginning to develop
Example
The incipient storm made the sky turn dark and heavy.
初期的风暴使天空变得阴暗而沉重。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈedəbəl/

Inedible

不可食用
Meaning
not suitable or safe for eating; not edible
Example
The mushrooms were poisonous and completely inedible.
蘑菇是有毒的，完全不可食用。
C1 noun /ˈɪd.i.əm/

idiom

习语
Meaning
A group of words whose meaning is different from the meanings of the individual words.
Example
The idiom 'break the ice' means to start a conversation in a friendly way.
习语 '打破僵局' 意味着以友好的方式开始对话。
B2 noun /ˌɪm.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/

Imitation

模仿; 复制; 仿制品
Meaning
the action of using someone or something as a model; a copy of something original
Example
His imitation of the famous actor was so good that everyone burst into laughter.
他的模仿非常成功，大家都笑了出来。
C2 verb /ɪnˈfætʃueɪt/

infatuate

迷恋
Meaning
to inspire with an intense but short-lived passion or admiration
Example
He was infatuated with her beauty.
他被她的美貌迷住了。
C2 adjective /ˌɪnkoʊˈɜːrsəbl̩/

incoercible

无法强迫的
Meaning
Not capable of being forced, compelled, or restrained.
Example
Her incoercible spirit inspired others to fight for justice.
她那无法强迫的精神激励了其他人争取正义。
B2 noun /ˌɪntərˈfɪərəns/

interference

干扰
Meaning
the action of interfering with something
Example
The radio signal was disrupted due to interference from nearby electronics.
由于附近电子设备的干扰，无线电信号受到了干扰。
B1 noun ɪˈnɪʃətɪv

initiative

倡议
Meaning
An act or strategy intended to resolve a difficulty or improve a situation; a fresh approach to something.
Example
NASA's initiative to return humans to the Moon is ambitious.
美国宇航局将人类送上月球的创意是雄心勃勃的。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdetɪd/

Indebted

负债的; 感激的
Meaning
owing money or gratitude to someone; obligated; grateful
Example
I am deeply indebted to my teacher for all her guidance.
我对我的老师为我提供的所有指导深感感激。
B1 adjective /ɪnˈvɑːlvd/

involved

卷入的
Meaning
complicated or engaged in something
Example
She was deeply involved in community service.
她深深地卷入了社区服务。
C2 noun /ˌɪmprəˈsɑːrioʊ/

impresario

主办人
Meaning
A person who organizes or finances concerts, plays, or operas.
Example
The impresario arranged a series of concerts for the rising star.
这位印普雷萨里奥为崭露头角的明星安排了一系列的音乐会。
B2 adjective /ɪˈmædʒ.ɪ.nər.i/

Imaginary

想象的; 虚构的; 不现实的
Meaning
existing only in imagination; not real; fictional
Example
The child had an imaginary friend who she talked to every day.
那个孩子有一个想象的朋友，每天和他说话。
C1 adjective /aɪˈreɪt/

irate

愤怒的
Meaning
Extremely angry.
Example
The customer became irate after waiting for hours.
顾客在等待了几个小时后变得愤怒。
B2 noun /ˈɪn.flu.ən.sər/

Influencer

网红, 社交媒体影响者
Meaning
A person with the ability to influence potential buyers of a product or service by promoting or recommending the items on social media.
Example
Social media influencers shape consumer preferences.
社交媒体上的网红塑造了消费者的偏好。
C1 adjective /ˌaɪ.di.əˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/

ideological

意识形态的
Meaning
Relating to or based on a system of ideas or beliefs.
Example
The two parties are divided by deep ideological differences.
这两个党派由于深刻的意识形态分歧而分裂。
C1 noun ˌɪn.tuˈɪʃ.ən

intuition

直觉
Meaning
The ability to understand something immediately, without the need for conscious reasoning.
Example
Her intuition told her something was wrong.
她的直觉告诉她有些不对劲。
C2 adjective /ˌɪntəˈrɒɡətəri/

interrogatory

询问的
Meaning
expressed in the form of a question; relating to questioning
Example
The lawyer’s interrogatory tone made the witness uncomfortable.
律师的询问语气让证人感到不舒服。
C2 adjective /ɪɡˈnoʊ.bəl/

Ignoble

卑鄙; 可耻; 不光彩
Meaning
dishonorable; not noble in character; base or mean
Example
His ignoble actions betrayed his friends' trust.
他卑鄙的行为背叛了朋友的信任。
C1 verb /ɪmˈpiːd/

impede

阻碍
Meaning
To obstruct or hinder the progress or development of something.
Example
Lack of funds can impede business growth.
资金短缺可能阻碍商业增长。
C1 noun /ˌɪmɔːrˈtæləti/

immortality

不朽
Meaning
the state of living forever; eternal life or lasting fame beyond death
Example
Many ancient cultures believed that heroes could achieve immortality through great deeds.
许多古代文化相信英雄可以通过伟大的事迹获得不朽。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈhɪbɪtɪd/

inhibited

抑制的
Meaning
Unable to act in a relaxed and natural way, especially due to self-consciousness or restraint.
Example
He was too inhibited to express his true feelings.
他太抑制自己，无法表达真实的感受。
C2 adjective /ˌɪnɔːˈspɪʃəs/

Inauspicious

不吉利
Meaning
unlucky; showing signs that future success is unlikely; unfavorable
Example
The dark clouds seemed inauspicious for the wedding.
黑云似乎对婚礼不吉利。
A1 pronoun /aɪ/

i

我
Meaning
used by a speaker to refer to himself or herself
Example
I am learning English every day.
我每天都在学习英语。
C1 noun /ɪˈmiːdiəsi/

immediacy

即时性, 紧迫感
Meaning
The quality of bringing one into direct and instant involvement with something, giving rise to a sense of urgency or excitement.
Example
The immediacy of digital communication has reshaped business operations.
数字通信的即时性已经改变了商业操作。
C2 noun /ˌɪkθiˈɒlədʒi/

ichthyology

鱼类学
Meaning
The branch of zoology that deals with fish.
Example
He pursued a degree in ichthyology at the university.
他在大学获得了鱼类学学位。
C1 adjective /ɪˈnænɪmət/

inanimate

无生命的物体
Meaning
not alive, especially not in the manner of animals and humans; lifeless
Example
The museum was full of inanimate objects from ancient times.
博物馆里充满了来自古代的无生命物体。
C1 adjective /ˌɪnɪkˈsplɪkəbl/

inexplicable

无法解释
Meaning
Impossible to explain or understand.
Example
The sudden disappearance of the file was inexplicable.
文件的突然消失是无法解释的。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈstrʌktɪv/

instructive

有教育意义的
Meaning
useful and informative; providing knowledge or instruction
Example
The lecture was highly instructive and engaging.
这场讲座非常有教育意义且引人入胜。
C1 noun /ˌɪnkjʊˈbeɪʃən/

incubation

将蛋、细胞或生物置于适宜的环境条件中以促进其发展的过程
Meaning
the process of keeping eggs, cells, or organisms in the right conditions for development
Example
The incubation of the eggs lasted for three weeks.
蛋的孵化持续了三周。
B2 adjective aɪˈkɒnɪk

iconic

标志性的
Meaning
Very famous or popular, especially being considered to represent particular opinions or a particular time.
Example
The line "It was the best of times..." is iconic.
那句 "这是最美好的时光..." 是标志性的。
B2 adjective /ˌɪnfluˈenʃəl/

Influential

有影响力的; 强大的
Meaning
having great influence on someone or something; powerful; persuasive
Example
She is an influential leader in the community.
她是社区中的一位有影响力的领导者。
B2 noun ˌɪn.tɪˈɡreɪ.ʃən

integration

整合。统一。
Meaning
The action or process of integrating; the process of combining or adding parts to make a unified whole.
Example
Integration of networks will improve global communication.
网络的整合将改善全球通信。
C1 adjective ˌɪm.pəˈsɛp.tɪ.bəl

imperceptible

无法察觉的
Meaning
So subtle or gradual that it is difficult to notice or perceive
Example
The changes in his behavior were imperceptible at first.
他行为中的变化一开始几乎是无法察觉的。
C2 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈlɪdʒəs/

irreligious

不信教的
Meaning
Indifferent or hostile to religion
Example
Some people in the community consider him irreligious because he never attends religious services.
社区中的一些人认为他不信教，因为他从不参加宗教服务。
B2 noun /ɪnˈdʌstriəl ˌrɛvəˈluːʃən/

Industrial Revolution

工业革命
Meaning
The rapid development of industry that occurred in Britain in the late 18th and 19th centuries, brought about by the introduction of machinery and characterized by the use of steam power and the growth of factories.
Example
The Industrial Revolution marked a shift in production processes.
工业革命标志着生产过程的变革。
B2 adjective /ˌɪnəˈproʊpriət/

inappropriate

不适当
Meaning
not suitable or proper in the circumstances
Example
It was inappropriate to talk loudly in the library.
在图书馆大声说话是不适当的。
C1 adjective /ˌɪnstənˈteɪniəs/

instantaneous

即时
Meaning
Happening immediately, without any delay.
Example
The change in temperature was almost instantaneous.
温度变化几乎是即时的。
C1 adjective /ˌɪntərˈtwaɪnd/

intertwined

幸福
Meaning
closely connected or twisted together
Example
Their lives became deeply intertwined after the accident.
当她获得奖项时，她无法掩饰自己的幸福。
C2 noun /ˌɪnkrʌˈsteɪʃən/

incrustation

外壳
Meaning
a crust or hard coating formed on the surface of something
Example
The old pipes were blocked due to heavy incrustation of minerals.
由于矿物质的重积附，旧管道被堵塞了。
C2 noun /ˌɪn.trəˈɡreʃ.ən/

introgression

基因引入
Meaning
The transfer of genetic information from one species to another through repeated backcrossing.
Example
Introgression plays a significant role in plant breeding.
基因引入在植物育种中起着重要作用。
C1 adjective ˌɪdiəsɪnˈkrætɪk

idiosyncratic

独特且个性化
Meaning
Relating to idiosyncrasy; peculiar or individual.
Example
His idiosyncratic behavior set him apart from his colleagues.
他的独特行为使他与同事们区别开来。
C2 adjective /ˌɪnɪkˈsprɛsəbl/

inexpressible

难以言喻
Meaning
Too strong or extreme to be expressed in words.
Example
She felt inexpressible joy at the news of her success.
她得知自己成功的消息时感到难以言喻的喜悦。
B2 adjective /ˌɪnkənˈviːniənt/

Inconvenient

不便的; 难堪的; 麻烦的
Meaning
causing trouble, difficulties, or discomfort; awkward; troublesome
Example
The broken elevator made it inconvenient to reach the top floor.
坏掉的电梯使得到达顶楼变得不方便。
B2 adverb /ɪnˈɛvɪtəbli/

inevitably

不可避免地
Meaning
in a way that cannot be avoided or prevented
Example
Inevitably, the team faced challenges during the project.
不可避免地，团队在项目过程中遇到了挑战。
C1 adjective /ɪmˈprɒbəbl/

improbable

不太可能的
Meaning
Not likely to be true or to happen.
Example
It seems improbable that he will arrive on time.
看起来他准时到达的可能性很小。
C2 adjective /ɪnˈskruːtəbl̩/

inscrutable

幸福
Meaning
impossible to understand or interpret
Example
His inscrutable expression made it hard to know what he was thinking.
她收到奖项时无法掩饰自己的幸福。
C2 verb /ɪnˈdaɪt/

indite

创作
Meaning
To write or compose (literary or formal works).
Example
The poet indited a heartfelt sonnet.
诗人创作了一首真挚的十四行诗。
B2 adjective /ˌɪd.iˈɒt.ɪk/

Idiotic

愚蠢
Meaning
extremely stupid; foolish; senseless
Example
His idiotic behavior embarrassed everyone at the meeting.
他的愚蠢行为让会议上的所有人感到尴尬。
B1 noun ɪnˈven.ʃən

invention

发明
Meaning
The action of inventing something, typically a process or device.
Example
The invention revolutionized communication.
这个发明彻底改变了通信。
B2 noun /ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊərɪti/

insecurity

不安全感
Meaning
lack of confidence or assurance; a state of uncertainty or vulnerability
Example
Her insecurity made her doubt her abilities despite her experience.
她的不安全感让她怀疑自己的能力。
B2 verb /ɪnˈtriːɡ/

intrigue

引起兴趣
Meaning
to arouse curiosity or interest; to make someone fascinated
Example
The mystery novel will intrigue any reader.
神秘小说将引起任何读者的兴趣。
B2 noun /ˈɪnˌsaɪt/

insight

洞察力
Meaning
The ability to understand the true nature of something; deep understanding.
Example
Her insight into human behavior made her a successful psychologist.
她对人类行为的洞察力使她成为一位成功的心理学家。
B2 noun /ˈɪmɪɡrənt/

immigrant

移民
Meaning
a person who comes to live permanently in a foreign country
Example
The city has welcomed many new immigrants this year.
今年这座城市接纳了许多新的移民。
C1 adjective, noun /ɪnˈdɪkətɪv/

indicative

指示性
Meaning
Serving as a sign or expression of something; in grammar, a mood used to make factual statements.
Example
His tone was indicative of his frustration.
他的语气表明了他的沮丧。
C1 verb /ˌɪntəˈsɛkt/

intersect

交叉
Meaning
to cross or pass through each other
Example
The two roads intersect at the city center.
这两条道路在市中心交汇。
C2 noun /ˌɪnˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti/

incapability

无能力
Meaning
lack of ability or power to do something; inability or incompetence
Example
His incapability to manage the team led to serious problems.
他管理团队的无能力导致了严重的问题。
C1 adjective /ˈɪnsələnt/

insolent

无礼的, 傲慢的
Meaning
showing a rude and arrogant lack of respect
Example
The insolent student refused to follow the teacher's instructions.
那个无礼的学生拒绝听从老师的指示。
C1 adjective ˌɪn.təˈstel.ər

interstellar

星际的，星际间，宇宙的
Meaning
Occurring or situated between stars.
Example
Scientists study interstellar travel possibilities.
科学家研究星际旅行的可能性。
C1 adjective ˈɪn.tər.ɪm

interim

临时
Meaning
In or for the intervening period; provisional or temporary.
Example
Interim governments manage transitional phases.
临时政府管理过渡阶段。
A2 adjective ˌɪn.təˈnæʃ.ən.əl

international

国际的
Meaning
Existing, occurring, or carried on between two or more nations and their citizens.
Example
International standards improve competitiveness.
国际标准提高竞争力。
B2 verb /ɪnˈkɔːrpəreɪt/

incorporate

合并
Meaning
to include something as part of a whole; to form a corporation
Example
The new design incorporates advanced technology.
新设计融合了先进技术。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈvɪnsəbl/

invincible

不可战胜
Meaning
too powerful to be defeated or overcome
Example
The team seemed invincible after winning ten matches in a row.
这支队伍在连续赢得十场比赛后，看起来不可战胜。
C2 conjunction /ˌɪnəzˈmʌtʃ æz/

inasmuch-as

因为
Meaning
Because; since.
Example
He cannot attend, inasmuch as he is unwell.
他不能参加，因为他生病了。
B1 adjective /ɪmˈpres.ɪv/

Impressive

令人印象深刻的
Meaning
striking; remarkable; having the ability to impress
Example
Her impressive performance earned her a standing ovation.
她出色的表演赢得了全场起立鼓掌。
C2 noun /ɪnˈfrækʃən/

infraction

违规
Meaning
A violation or breach of a rule, law, or agreement.
Example
The student was punished for a minor infraction of the school rules.
学生因轻微违反学校规则而受到惩罚。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsʌf.ər.ə.bəl/

insufferable

无法忍受
Meaning
Too extreme to bear; intolerable.
Example
The heat during the summer was insufferable.
夏天的炎热是无法忍受的。
A2 noun/verb /ˈaɪən/ or /ˈaɪərn/

iron

铁 / 熨斗
Meaning
a strong, hard metal used in construction; also to press clothes with heat
Example
He used an iron to smooth his shirt.
他用熨斗把衬衫弄平。
C1 adjective ɪˈneɪt

Innate

与生俱来的或自然的
Meaning
Existing from birth or natural
Example
She has an innate talent for music.
她有天生的音乐才华。
B2 noun ɪnˈdʒʌstɪs

injustice

不公正
Meaning
Lack of fairness or justice; the practice of being unjust or unfair.
Example
The story portrays the injustices faced by the common people.
故事描绘了普通人面临的不公正。
B2 verb /ɪnˈsʌlt/

insult

侮辱
Meaning
to speak or act in a way that hurts someone's feelings or shows disrespect
Example
He felt insulted by her rude comments.
他因她的粗鲁评论而感到被侮辱。
C2 adjective /ɪnˈvaɪələbl/

inviolable

不可侵犯的
Meaning
never to be broken, dishonored, or violated
Example
Human rights are considered inviolable in modern democracies.
在人权被视为不可侵犯的现代民主国家。
C1 noun /ˈɪn.tə.mə.si/

Intimacy

亲密; 亲近
Meaning
close familiarity or friendship; closeness; a private cozy atmosphere
Example
The couple valued the emotional intimacy they shared more than material possessions.
这对情侣比物质财富更珍视他们分享的情感亲密。
A2 adverb /ɪnˈstɛd/

instead

代替
Meaning
As an alternative or substitute.
Example
She didn’t buy the dress; instead, she chose a pair of shoes.
她没有买那件裙子; 反而她选择了一双鞋子。
C2 adjective /ɪnˈvɛtərət/

inveterate

根深蒂固
Meaning
having a long-established habit, activity, or interest that is unlikely to change
Example
He is an inveterate reader who spends hours in the library every day.
他是一个根深蒂固的读者，每天在图书馆度过几个小时。
C2 adjective /ɪmˈprɛɡnəbl̩/

impregnable

固若金汤
Meaning
Unable to be captured, broken into, or defeated.
Example
The fortress was considered impregnable by the enemy.
敌人认为这个堡垒固若金汤。
C1 verb /ɪnˈfɛst/

infest

感染
Meaning
to overrun in large numbers, especially so as to cause damage or discomfort
Example
The old house was infested with rats.
老房子被老鼠感染。
B1 verb ˈɪndɪkeɪts

indicates

表示
Meaning
Point out; show; be a sign or symptom of; suggest as a desirable or necessary course of action.
Example
The rising trend indicates an urgent need for action.
上升的趋势表示迫切需要采取行动。
C1 noun /ˈɪn.trə.vɜːrt/

introvert

内向
Meaning
A person who tends to be shy and prefers spending time alone rather than in groups.
Example
As an introvert, he preferred reading over attending parties.
作为一个内向的人，他更喜欢读书而不是参加派对。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈkrɛdjələs/

incredulous

Meaning
unwilling or unable to believe something
Example
He gave her an incredulous look when she claimed she could fly.
C2 verb ˈɪnʌndeɪt

inundate

淹没, 用事情或人淹没某人或某物
Meaning
To flood; overwhelm someone or something with things or people to be dealt with
Example
The company was inundated with requests after the advertisement.
广告后，公司被大量请求淹没。
B2 noun ɪˈlɪtərəsi

illiteracy

文盲
Meaning
The inability to read and write; lack of education or knowledge in a particular area.
Example
Illiteracy often leads to poverty and unemployment.
文盲常常导致贫困和失业。
B2 adjective /ˌɪnkəmˈpliːt/

incomplete

不完整
Meaning
Not finished, lacking some parts or not whole.
Example
Her report was incomplete and needed further details.
她的报告不完整，需要更多细节。
C2 adjective /ˌaɪ.kə.nəˈklæs.tɪk/

iconoclastic

特指攻击或拒绝已建立的信仰、传统或价值观
Meaning
Characterized by attacking or rejecting cherished beliefs, traditions, or established values.
Example
Her iconoclastic views challenged the conventional wisdom of the industry.
她的偶像破坏主义观点挑战了行业的传统智慧。
C1 noun ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl səˈpɔːrt

indispensable support

不可或缺的支持
Meaning
Essential assistance that cannot be done without; absolutely necessary help.
Example
Volunteers provide indispensable support to communities.
志愿者为社区提供不可或缺的支持。
C1 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈprɛsəbl̩/

irrepressible

不可抑制的
Meaning
Impossible to control or restrain.
Example
She had an irrepressible urge to laugh during the speech.
她在演讲中无法掩饰自己无法抑制的笑意。
B2 noun /ɪnˈtɛnsəti/

intensity

强度
Meaning
The quality of being extreme, strong, or forceful in degree.
Example
The intensity of the storm frightened the villagers.
风暴的强度吓坏了村民。
C2 verb /ɪmˈpjuːn/

impugn

Meaning
to dispute the truth, validity, or honesty of a statement or motive
Example
The lawyer tried to impugn the credibility of the witness.
C1 verb /ˈɪrɪˌɡeɪt/

irrigate

灌溉
Meaning
to supply water to land or crops; to wash out a wound with water
Example
Farmers irrigate their fields during dry seasons.
农民在干旱季节灌溉他们的田地。
C2 adjective /ˌaɪdəˈlɑːtrɪəs/

idolatrious

偶像崇拜的
Meaning
Excessively devoted or reverent towards idols or false gods.
Example
The ancient tribe was known for its idolatrious practices.
这个古老的部落因其偶像崇拜的习惯而闻名。