Illegibility
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C2 noun /ɪˌledʒ.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/

Illegibility

难以辨认
Meaning
the quality of being impossible or difficult to read; unclear writing or print
Example
The doctor's handwriting was famous for its illegibility among the pharmacy staff.
医生的字迹因其难以辨认而在药房工作人员中广为人知。
B2 verb ˈɪmplɪment

implement

实施
Meaning
To put a decision or plan into effect; to execute or apply.
Example
Implementing educational policies is essential for progress.
实施教育政策对进步至关重要。
B2 adjective ˈaɪsəˌleɪtɪd

isolated

孤立
Meaning
Alone or separated from others; having little or no contact with other people.
Example
Technological advancements often leave people isolated.
技术进步常常使人们感到孤立。
B2 adverb /ɪmˈpɒlɪtli/

impolitely

不礼貌地
Meaning
in a rude or discourteous manner; without showing respect or proper manners
Example
He spoke impolitely to the waiter despite the polite service.
尽管服务很好，他还是不礼貌地对服务员说话。
C1 noun /ˌɪntərˈmɪʃən/

intermission

中场休息
Meaning
A pause or break, especially during a performance or event.
Example
The play had a twenty-minute intermission.
话剧有二十分钟的中场休息。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdefɪnət/

Indefinite

不确定的
Meaning
not clearly defined; uncertain; vague; unlimited in time
Example
The meeting has been postponed for an indefinite period.
会议被推迟到一个不确定的时期。
B2 adjective /ɪˈmɒrəl/

immoral

不道德的
Meaning
Not conforming to accepted standards of morality; unethical or wicked.
Example
He was fired for his immoral behavior.
他因不道德的行为被解雇了。
B2 adjective /aɪˈrɒnɪk/

ironic

讽刺的，讽刺性的
Meaning
happening in the opposite way to what is expected, often amusing or sarcastic
Example
It is ironic that the fire station burned down.
消防站着火了，真讽刺。
C1 noun ɪˌræʃ.ənˈæl.ɪ.ti

irrationality

非理性, 不合理, 荒谬
Meaning
The quality of being illogical or unreasonable; lack of rational thought.
Example
His decision was driven by complete irrationality.
他的决定完全是基于非理性。
C2 adjective /ˌɪnˈekspɜːrt/

inexpert

不熟练的
Meaning
not skilled or experienced; lacking expertise
Example
The inexpert handling of the machine caused several mistakes.
对机器的不熟练操作导致了多次错误。
C1 noun /ɪnˈdɪɡ.nə.ti/

Indignity

耻辱
Meaning
treatment or circumstances that cause one to feel shame or loss of dignity; humiliation
Example
She refused to suffer the indignity of being searched without proper cause.
她拒绝忍受在没有正当理由的情况下被搜身所带来的耻辱。
C2 noun /ɪˈreɪdiəns/

irradiance

辐射度
Meaning
the quality of shining brightly; the intensity of light falling on a surface
Example
The irradiance of the sun at noon was overwhelming.
中午太阳的辐射度是压倒性的。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈflæməbəl/

Inflammable

易燃; 可燃
Meaning
easily set on fire; flammable; combustible
Example
The inflammable material caught fire quickly.
易燃材料很快着火了。
B2 adjective /ˌɪd.iˈɒt.ɪk/

Idiotic

愚蠢
Meaning
extremely stupid; foolish; senseless
Example
His idiotic behavior embarrassed everyone at the meeting.
他的愚蠢行为让会议上的所有人感到尴尬。
C2 adjective /ˌɪnɪkˈsprɛsəbl/

inexpressible

难以言喻
Meaning
Too strong or extreme to be expressed in words.
Example
She felt inexpressible joy at the news of her success.
她得知自己成功的消息时感到难以言喻的喜悦。
C2 adjective /ɪˈnjʊərd/

inured

习惯于
Meaning
Accustomed to something, especially something unpleasant.
Example
After years of hardship, she was inured to suffering.
经过多年的困苦，她已经习惯于痛苦了。
C1 noun /ɪnˈdʌstriəsnəs/

industriousness

勤奋
Meaning
The quality of being hardworking and diligent.
Example
His industriousness earned him a promotion at work.
他的勤奋为他在工作中赢得了晋升。
B1 adjective /ɪˈmiːdiət/

immediate

即时
Meaning
happening or done without delay
Example
The doctor gave her immediate attention.
医生给了她即时的关注。
C2 adjective /ˌɪnkəˈməʊdiəs/

incommodious

不舒服的
Meaning
Uncomfortably small, cramped, or inconvenient.
Example
We had to stay in an incommodious room during the trip.
我们在旅行期间不得不住在一个不舒服的房间里。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdʒʊəriəs/

injurious

有害的
Meaning
Causing or likely to cause harm or damage.
Example
Smoking is injurious to health.
吸烟对健康有害。
C1 adjective /ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəl/

incidental

附带的
Meaning
happening as a minor part or in connection with something else
Example
Incidental expenses like snacks and tips were included in the bill.
像零食和小费这样的附带费用被包含在账单中。
C2 noun /ɪmˈbroʊlioʊ/

imbroglio

混乱
Meaning
An extremely confused, complicated, or embarrassing situation.
Example
The political imbroglio lasted for months without resolution.
政治上的混乱持续了几个月，没有得到解决。
C2 noun /ˌɪnvəˈkeɪʃən/

invocation

祈求
Meaning
the act of calling upon a higher power for help, blessing, or inspiration
Example
The ceremony began with an invocation to the gods.
仪式以对神的祈求开始。
C2 adjective /ɪˈrɛzəluːt/

irresolute

优柔寡断
Meaning
uncertain or indecisive; lacking determination
Example
He stood irresolute at the crossroads, unsure which path to take.
他在十字路口犹豫不决，不知道走哪条路。
C1 verb /ˈɪnsjuleɪt/

insulate

Meaning
To protect something by covering it, especially to prevent heat, sound, or electricity from escaping or entering.
Example
The house was insulated to reduce heating costs.
C2 noun /ˈɪkθiəˌsɔːrz/

ichthyosaurs

鱼龙（已灭绝的海洋爬行动物）
Meaning
Extinct marine reptiles that resembled fish and dolphins, dominant during the Mesozoic era.
Example
Ichthyosaurs were swift predators of the ancient seas.
鱼龙是古代海洋的迅猛掠食者。
C2 verb /ˌɪntərˈsiːd/

intercede

Meaning
to act or plead on behalf of someone in difficulty or trouble; to intervene between parties to help resolve a dispute
Example
She interceded with the teacher to give her brother another chance.
B1 adverb /ˈɪnstəntli/

instantly

立刻
Meaning
immediately, without any delay
Example
He replied instantly to the message.
他立刻回复了消息。
C2 adjective /ɪmˈprɒvɪdənt/

improvident

缺乏远见
Meaning
Not having or showing foresight; spending wastefully or without thought for the future.
Example
His improvident habits left him with no savings.
他缺乏远见的习惯让他没有积蓄。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsɪstənt/

insistent

坚持的
Meaning
demanding something firmly and refusing to accept no
Example
The child was insistent on getting a new toy.
孩子坚持要得到一个新玩具。
C1 verb /ɪnˈfrɪndʒ/

infringe

侵犯
Meaning
To actively break the terms of a law, agreement, or right.
Example
Copying this software without permission will infringe copyright laws.
未經許可複製此軟件將侵犯版權法。
B2 verb ɪmˈpoʊz

imposes

强加
Meaning
To establish or apply by authority; to force something unwelcome or unfamiliar to be accepted or put in place.
Example
Pollution imposes harmful effects on the environment.
污染对环境施加了有害的影响。
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpʌlsɪv/

impulsive

冲动的, 直觉的
Meaning
acting suddenly without careful thought
Example
She made an impulsive decision to buy the car.
她做出了一个冲动的决定，买了车。
B2 adjective /ˈɪɡ.nər.ənt/

Ignorant

无知
Meaning
lacking knowledge or awareness; uninformed
Example
She was ignorant about the new technology trends.
她对新技术趋势一无所知。
C2 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈfrændʒɪbəl/

irrefrangible

不可侵犯的
Meaning
Not to be broken, violated, or infringed
Example
The constitution guarantees certain irrefrangible rights to every citizen.
宪法保证每个公民享有某些不可侵犯的权利。
C2 adjective /ɪnˈɛksərəbl/

inexorable

不可阻挡
Meaning
Impossible to stop or prevent; relentless.
Example
The inexorable rise of technology is changing every aspect of life.
技术的不可阻挡的崛起正在改变生活的方方面面。
C2 adjective /ˌaɪ.kə.nəˈklæs.tɪk/

iconoclastic

特指攻击或拒绝已建立的信仰、传统或价值观
Meaning
Characterized by attacking or rejecting cherished beliefs, traditions, or established values.
Example
Her iconoclastic views challenged the conventional wisdom of the industry.
她的偶像破坏主义观点挑战了行业的传统智慧。
C1 noun (plural) /ˈɪndɪˌsiːz/

indices

指数
Meaning
plural form of index; statistical measures or reference points used for comparison
Example
Stock market indices fell sharply after the announcement.
公告后，股市指数急剧下跌。
A2 verb /ɪnˈvaɪt/

invite

邀请
Meaning
to ask someone to come to an event or to do something
Example
We should invite all our friends to the party.
我们应该邀请所有朋友参加聚会。
C1 adjective /ɪˈnɜːrt/

inert

惰性
Meaning
lacking the ability or strength to move or act; chemically inactive
Example
The patient remained inert on the bed.
病人躺在床上保持不动。
C1 verb ɪˈnɔː.ɡjə.reɪ.tɪd

inaugurated

开幕
Meaning
Begin or introduce (a system, policy, or period) formally.
Example
The organization was inaugurated officially.
该组织已正式开幕。
B1 noun /ˈɪn.flu.əns/

Influence

影响; 权力
Meaning
the capacity to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of someone or something
Example
The teacher's positive influence helped the student overcome his learning difficulties.
老师的积极影响帮助学生克服了学习困难。
C1 noun /ɪˈnɜː.ʃə/

Inertia

惯性；缺乏活动
Meaning
a tendency to do nothing or remain unchanged; lack of activity or movement
Example
The team's inertia prevented them from adapting to the rapidly changing market conditions.
团队的惯性阻止了他们适应迅速变化的市场条件。
A1 preposition/adverb/adjective/noun /ˌɪnˈsaɪd/

inside

幸福
Meaning
Situated within something; the inner part of something.
Example
She waited inside the house until the rain stopped.
当她收到奖项时，她无法掩饰自己的幸福。
B1 verb ɪnˈvɛst

invest

投资
Meaning
To put money, effort, time, etc. into something to make a profit or get an advantage.
Example
Investing in intellectual property can generate passive income.
投资于知识产权可以创造被动收入。
C1 noun ɪnˈflɛk.ʃən

inflection

语调变化
Meaning
The change in pitch or tone of voice when speaking for emphasis.
Example
His inflection kept the audience engaged.
他的语调让观众保持关注。
A2 noun /ˈaɪ.lənd/

Island

岛屿
Meaning
a piece of land completely surrounded by water
Example
We visited a beautiful island during our vacation.
我们在假期期间参观了一个美丽的岛屿。
C2 adjective /ɪmˈpɔːrtʃənət/

importunate

缠人的
Meaning
Persistent to the point of annoyance or intrusion
Example
The importunate salesman kept calling despite repeated refusals.
那个缠人的推销员在反复拒绝后仍然继续打电话。
C2 adjective /ˌɪnkɔːrˈpɔːriəl/

incorporeal

无形的
Meaning
lacking a physical body; not composed of matter; intangible
Example
Ghosts are often described as incorporeal beings.
鬼魂常被描述为无形的存在。
C2 noun /ˈɪd.i.ə.si/

Idiocy

愚蠢
Meaning
extremely stupid behavior or actions; foolishness
Example
The decision to ignore safety protocols was pure idiocy that endangered everyone.
忽视安全协议的决定是纯粹的愚蠢，危及了每个人。
C2 verb /ˌɪmpɔːrˈtuːn/

importune

反复请求
Meaning
To ask someone persistently or pressingly for something
Example
The child importuned his mother for a new toy.
孩子反复请求母亲给他买一个新玩具。
C2 adjective /ɪnˈsɪpɪd/

insipid

乏味的
Meaning
lacking flavor, interest, or excitement; dull
Example
The soup was insipid and needed more seasoning.
汤无味，需要更多的调料。
C1 verb /ɪnˈfjuːz/

infuse

Meaning
to fill or spread through something; to instill a quality, idea, or feeling
Example
The teacher tried to infuse her students with a love for reading.
C2 noun /ˌɪntərˈsɛsər/

intercessor

调解人
Meaning
a person who intervenes or pleads on behalf of another
Example
He acted as an intercessor to resolve the conflict between the two families.
他作为调解人解决了两个家庭之间的冲突。
C2 noun /ˌɪmprɪˈmɑːtər/

imprimatur

批准书
Meaning
An official license or approval, especially to publish a book.
Example
The book was released with the official imprimatur of the church.
这本书以教会的正式批准书发布。
B2 adjective /ɪnˈseɪn/

insane

疯狂
Meaning
mentally ill; extremely foolish or unreasonable
Example
The idea of jumping off the cliff seemed insane.
从悬崖上跳下的想法显得疯狂。
B1 noun /ˈɪnstəns/

instance

实例
Meaning
An example or single occurrence of something.
Example
This is just one instance of his generosity.
这是他慷慨的一个例子。
C2 verb /ˌɪntərˈlɒk/

interlock

互锁
Meaning
to fit or connect together securely so that two or more things are joined
Example
The gears interlock to ensure smooth movement of the machine.
齿轮相互啮合，确保机器的平稳运行。
C2 noun /ɪnˈvɛktɪv/

invective

侮辱性语言
Meaning
Insulting, abusive, or highly critical language.
Example
The politician’s speech was filled with invective against his opponents.
政治家的演讲充满了对对手的侮辱性语言。
C2 noun /ˈɪn.fɪ.del/

Infidel

异教徒
Meaning
a person who does not believe in religion or whose religious beliefs differ from one's own
Example
In historical contexts, crusaders often referred to their enemies as infidels.
在历史背景中，十字军常常把他们的敌人称为异教徒。
C1 noun /ɪnˈdem.nə.ti/

Indemnity

赔偿
Meaning
security or protection against a loss or other financial burden; compensation for damage or loss
Example
The insurance company provided full indemnity for the damages caused by the flood.
保险公司为洪水造成的损失提供了完全的赔偿。
B2 noun ˈɪn.frəˌstrʌk.tʃər

infrastructure

基础设施
Meaning
The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.
Example
Digital infrastructure is vital for future advancements.
数字基础设施对未来的进步至关重要。
A2 adjective /ˈɪntrəstɪd/

interested

感兴趣
Meaning
Showing curiosity or concern about something.
Example
She is very interested in learning new languages.
她对学习新语言非常感兴趣。
B2 noun /ˈɪm.pʌls/

Impulse

冲动; 突然的欲望
Meaning
a sudden strong and unreflective urge or desire to act; a driving force or motivation
Example
She bought the expensive dress on impulse and later regretted the purchase.
她冲动购买了那件昂贵的衣服，后来对这笔购买感到后悔。
A2 verb /ɪˈmædʒɪn/

imagine

想象
Meaning
to form a mental image of; to believe something unreal to be true
Example
Can you imagine living in a different country?
你能想象住在另一个国家吗？
C1 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈvɜːrsəbl/

irreversible

不可逆的
Meaning
Not able to be undone, changed, or reversed.
Example
The damage caused by the fire was irreversible.
火灾造成的损失是不可逆的。
B2 noun /aɪˌdɛntɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

identification

身份识别
Meaning
the process of recognizing or proving who or what someone or something is
Example
You need proper identification to enter the building.
您需要适当的身份证明才能进入大楼。
C1 verb /ɪˈluːmɪneɪt/

illuminate

照亮
Meaning
To light up or make something clearer.
Example
Streetlights illuminate the road at night.
路灯在夜晚照亮了道路。
C2 noun /ˈɪntəˌkrɒpɪŋ/

intercropping

间作农业
Meaning
The agricultural practice of cultivating two or more crops simultaneously in the same field to maximize land use efficiency and improve soil health.
Example
Intercropping can help improve soil fertility and pest control.
间作农业有助于改善土壤肥力和害虫控制。
C1 adjective /ˈɪnfəməs/

infamous

臭名昭著
Meaning
well known for some bad quality or deed
Example
The dictator was infamous for his cruelty.
这位独裁者因其残忍而臭名昭著。
C1 adverb /ˌɪn.dɪˈskrɪm.ɪ.nət.li/

Indiscriminately

无差别地
Meaning
without making careful distinctions; randomly; without discrimination
Example
The company fired employees indiscriminately without considering their performance.
公司无差别地解雇了员工，没考虑他们的表现。
C1 noun /ˌɪn.səˌbɔːr.dɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

insubordination

不服从
Meaning
Defiance of authority; refusal to obey orders.
Example
The soldier was punished for insubordination during the mission.
士兵因在任务中不服从命令而受到惩罚。
B2 noun ˌɪn.tɪˈɡreɪ.ʃən

integration

整合。统一。
Meaning
The action or process of integrating; the process of combining or adding parts to make a unified whole.
Example
Integration of networks will improve global communication.
网络的整合将改善全球通信。
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɛər/

impair

损害
Meaning
to weaken or damage something, especially a function or ability
Example
Smoking can impair your lung capacity.
吸烟可能会损害您的肺部容量。
C1 noun /ˈaɪsətəʊp/

isotope

同位素
Meaning
Atoms of the same element with equal number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
Example
Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope used in dating fossils.
碳-14 是一种放射性同位素，用于化石的年代测定。
C2 noun /ˌɪnədˈvɜːrtəns/

inadvertence

疏忽
Meaning
Failure to pay attention; carelessness.
Example
The error happened through sheer inadvertence.
错误是由于完全的疏忽发生的。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtræk.tə.bəl/

intractable

无法控制
Meaning
Difficult or impossible to manage, control, or solve.
Example
The conflict has become an intractable problem.
冲突已经成为一个无法控制的问题。
C1 noun ɪnˈdʌldʒəns

indulgence

放纵
Meaning
The practice of allowing oneself to enjoy the pleasure of something.
Example
His indulgence in junk food affected his health.
他在垃圾食品上的放纵影响了他的健康。
C2 noun /ˌɪnvəˈluːʃən/

involution

内卷
Meaning
a complicated or intricate form or state; in biology, the shrinking of an organ after its function has finished
Example
The story was full of involution, making it hard to follow.
这个故事充满了内卷，使得跟随它变得很难。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈedəbəl/

Inedible

不可食用
Meaning
not suitable or safe for eating; not edible
Example
The mushrooms were poisonous and completely inedible.
蘑菇是有毒的，完全不可食用。
B1 noun /ɪnˈtɛnʃən/

intention

意图
Meaning
A plan, aim, or purpose behind an action.
Example
Her intention was to finish the project before the deadline.
她的意图是在截止日期之前完成项目。
B1 adjective ˌɪn.dɪˈpen.dənt

independent

独立
Meaning
Not depending on another for livelihood or subsistence; free from outside control; not subject to another's authority.
Example
An independent institution ensures transparency in governance.
一个独立的机构确保政府的透明度。
B1 verb /ɪmˈprɛs/

impress

打动
Meaning
to cause someone to feel admiration or respect
Example
Her speech managed to impress the audience.
她的演讲成功地打动了观众。
B2 noun, verb /ɪntʃ/

inch

英寸 / 缓慢移动
Meaning
A unit of length equal to 2.54 centimeters; or to move slowly and carefully in small amounts.
Example
She inched closer to the edge of the stage.
她慢慢靠近舞台的边缘。
B2 noun ˌɪnɪˈkwɒlɪti

inequality

不平等
Meaning
Difference in size, degree, circumstances, etc.; lack of equality.
Example
The theme of inequality is prominent throughout the story.
不平等的主题在整个故事中是显著的。
B1 noun ɪmˈpruːv.mənts

improvements

改善
Meaning
The action of making or becoming better; an instance of something becoming or being made better.
Example
Continuous improvements increase productivity.
持续的改善提高了生产力。
C2 noun /ɪnˈsɪpiəns/

incipience

开始
Meaning
the beginning or initial stage of something
Example
The project was still in its incipience when funding was approved.
当资金获得批准时，项目仍处于其开始阶段。
C2 verb /ɪmˈpjuːt/

impute

归因于
Meaning
to attribute a fault or responsibility to someone
Example
They imputed the company's success to good leadership.
他们将公司的成功归功于出色的领导力。
C2 adjective /ɪnˈvaɪələt/

inviolate

神圣不可侵犯
Meaning
free from violation, injury, or desecration; kept safe and untouched
Example
The ancient temple remained inviolate for centuries.
古老的寺庙几百年来一直保持着神圣不可侵犯。
B2 adjective /ɪmˈper.ə.tɪv/

imperative

命令式
Meaning
Of vital importance; crucial; giving or expressing a command.
Example
It is imperative to address the climate crisis immediately.
必须立即解决气候危机。
A2 adjective /ˈɪn.dɔːr/

indoor

室内的
Meaning
situated, occurring, or used inside a building
Example
Indoor plants can improve air quality at home.
室内植物可以改善家里的空气质量。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsɛp(ə)rəbəl/

inseparable

形影不离
Meaning
Unable to be separated or always together.
Example
The two friends have been inseparable since childhood.
这两个朋友从小就形影不离。
C1 adjective ˌɪn.trəˈspek.tɪv

introspective

内省的
Meaning
Characterized by or given to introspection; examining one's own thoughts and feelings.
Example
Writers tend to be highly introspective individuals.
作家通常是高度内省的人。
B1 verb /ˌɪntəˈrʌpt/

interrupt

打断
Meaning
to stop someone from speaking or doing something by suddenly saying or doing something
Example
She tried not to interrupt while he was speaking.
她尽量不在他说话时打断他。
A2 noun /ˈɪntəvjuː/

interview

面试
Meaning
A meeting of people face to face, especially for consultation.
Example
The interview was conducted in a calm and professional manner.
面试以平静和专业的方式进行。
C2 adjective /ˌɪnɪˈsɛnʃəl/

inessential

非必要的
Meaning
not necessary or important; not essential
Example
The report removes all inessential details to stay focused.
报告删除了所有非必要的细节以保持重点。
B2 noun /ɪnˈveɪʒən/

invasion

入侵
Meaning
An instance of invading a country, region, or personal space with armed force or unwelcome presence.
Example
The army prepared for the possibility of an invasion.
军队为可能的入侵做了准备。
B2 adjective /ˌɪnkəmˈpliːt/

incomplete

不完整
Meaning
Not finished, lacking some parts or not whole.
Example
Her report was incomplete and needed further details.
她的报告不完整，需要更多细节。
C1 adjective /ɪˈnɔːrdənət/

inordinate

过度的
Meaning
Excessive or unusually large in degree.
Example
She spent an inordinate amount of time on her phone.
她在手机上花费了过多的时间。
C1 noun/verb /ˈɪnsɛns/

incense

香火 / 激怒
Meaning
a substance burned for its sweet smell (noun); to make very angry (verb)
Example
The smell of incense filled the temple, but his rude words incensed her.
香火的气味充满了寺庙，但他粗鲁的话让她非常生气。
B1 verb /ˈɪndʒər/

injure

伤害
Meaning
to cause physical harm or damage to someone or something
Example
He injured his leg while playing football.
他踢足球时伤了腿。
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpæsəbəl/

impassable

无法通行
Meaning
Impossible to travel along or over.
Example
The road became impassable after the heavy snowfall.
这条路在大雪过后变得无法通行。
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɑːrʃəl/

Impartial

公正的; 中立的
Meaning
treating all sides fairly; unbiased; neutral
Example
A good judge must remain impartial throughout the trial.
一个好的法官必须在整个审判过程中保持公正。
C2 adjective /ɪˈræsɪbl/

irascible

易怒的
Meaning
Easily angered; quick-tempered.
Example
His irascible nature often got him into trouble.
他易怒的性格常常使他陷入麻烦。
C1 noun /ˌɪmɔːrˈtæləti/

immortality

不朽
Meaning
the state of living forever; eternal life or lasting fame beyond death
Example
Many ancient cultures believed that heroes could achieve immortality through great deeds.
许多古代文化相信英雄可以通过伟大的事迹获得不朽。
B1 noun ɪˈnɪʃətɪvz

initiatives

倡议
Meaning
Actions or strategies designed to resolve a difficulty or improve a situation; programs or projects.
Example
Community initiatives benefit underprivileged groups.
社区倡议惠及贫困群体。
C2 noun /ˈaɪsinəs/

iciness

冰冷
Meaning
The state of being cold in manner or temperature.
Example
There was a distinct iciness in his voice.
他的声音中有一种明显的冰冷感。
A2 verb /ɪmˈpruːv/

improve

改善
Meaning
to make or become better; to enhance quality or condition
Example
Practice helps improve your skills.
练习帮助提高你的技能。
B2 noun ˌɪr.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən

irrigation

灌溉
Meaning
The artificial application of water to land or soil.
Example
Irrigation systems improve crop yields in dry regions.
灌溉系统提高了干旱地区作物的产量。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈhjuːmən/

Inhuman

不人道的
Meaning
lacking human qualities; cruel; brutal; savage
Example
The dictator's inhuman treatment of prisoners shocked the international community.
独裁者对囚犯的非人道待遇震惊了国际社会。
C2 adjective /ˌɪnfɪnɪˈtɛsɪməl/

infinitesimal

微不足道
Meaning
Extremely small in size or amount; so tiny as to be almost negligible.
Example
The error was so infinitesimal that it didn’t affect the results.
这个错误如此微不足道，以至于没有影响结果。
C1 noun ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl səˈpɔːrt

indispensable support

不可或缺的支持
Meaning
Essential assistance that cannot be done without; absolutely necessary help.
Example
Volunteers provide indispensable support to communities.
志愿者为社区提供不可或缺的支持。
C2 adjective /ɪmˈpɛn.ɪ.tənt/

impenitent

不悔
Meaning
Not feeling regret or shame about one's actions.
Example
The criminal remained impenitent after the trial.
犯罪者在审判后依然不悔。
B2 noun /ˈɪmɪɡrənt/

immigrant

移民
Meaning
a person who comes to live permanently in a foreign country
Example
The city has welcomed many new immigrants this year.
今年这座城市接纳了许多新的移民。
C2 adjective /ɪnˈskruːtəbl̩/

inscrutable

幸福
Meaning
impossible to understand or interpret
Example
His inscrutable expression made it hard to know what he was thinking.
她收到奖项时无法掩饰自己的幸福。
C2 verb /ˌɪmpɔːrˈtuːnd/

importuned

不停地请求
Meaning
asked someone persistently and pressingly for something
Example
She importuned her boss for a raise until he finally gave in.
她不停地请求老板加薪，直到他最终答应。
B1 noun /ˈɪnstrəmənt/

instrument

仪器
Meaning
A tool or device used for a particular purpose, especially for scientific or musical work.
Example
The doctor used a special instrument during the surgery.
医生在手术过程中使用了一种特殊的仪器。
A2 noun /ˌɪn.trəˈdʌk.ʃən/

introduction

引言
Meaning
the action of introducing something or someone; an opening or beginning part
Example
The professor gave a brief introduction before starting the lecture.
教授在开始讲座之前做了简短的引言。
C2 verb /ˈɪməleɪt/

immolate

自焚
Meaning
To kill or sacrifice, especially by burning.
Example
The protesters threatened to immolate themselves in front of the building.
抗议者威胁要在建筑物前自焚。
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɜːrviəs/

impervious

不透水的
Meaning
Not allowing fluid to pass through; unable to be affected by something.
Example
The jacket is impervious to rain.
这件夹克不透水。
C2 verb /ˈɪndjʊˌreɪt/

indurate

使坚硬
Meaning
To harden or make something physically or emotionally tough.
Example
Years of hardship indurated his spirit.
多年的艰辛使他的精神变得坚韧。