Captivity
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C1 noun /kæpˈtɪv.ɪ.ti/

Captivity

禁锢
Meaning
the condition of being imprisoned or confined
Example
After years of captivity, the prisoner was finally released.
经过多年的禁锢，囚犯终于被释放。
C1 noun /ɪmˈbæl.əns/

Imbalance

不平衡
Meaning
lack of proportion or relation between corresponding things; unequal distribution
Example
The doctor said the patient's dizziness was caused by an inner ear imbalance.
医生说病人的头晕是由内耳不平衡引起的。
C1 verb /blæntʃ/

blanch

变得苍白
Meaning
to turn pale from shock, fear, or to briefly boil food to remove skin or prepare it
Example
She blanched at the sight of blood.
她看到血后吓得脸色苍白。
C1 adjective /ˌɪnkɒmprɪˈhɛnsəbl/

incomprehensible

难以理解的
Meaning
Impossible or very difficult to understand.
Example
The professor’s lecture was so fast it became incomprehensible.
教授的讲座太快了，以至于变得难以理解。
C1 noun /ˈɪnkwest/

inquest

调查
Meaning
A legal or official inquiry, especially into the cause of a death.
Example
The inquest revealed the cause of the accident.
调查揭示了事故的原因。
C1 adjective /ˈpʌlməˌneri/

pulmonary

Meaning
relating to the lungs
Example
The patient suffered from a serious pulmonary infection.
C1 noun /ˈlʌɡ.ɪdʒ væn/

Luggage van

行李车
Meaning
a vehicle designed for carrying luggage and cargo
Example
The luggage van carried all the passengers' suitcases.
行李车载着所有乘客的行李箱。
C1 noun /ˈkɔːkəs/

caucus

政治会议
Meaning
A meeting of members of a political party to select candidates or decide policy.
Example
The party held a caucus to nominate their candidate for president.
政党举行了一个会议，提名他们的总统候选人。
C1 verb /ˈʌndərkʌt/

undercut

Meaning
to sell at a lower price than a competitor; to weaken or undermine something
Example
The company tried to undercut its rivals by offering lower prices.
C1 adjective /ˈɑp.ər.ə.tɪv/

Operative

有效的; 运行中的; 工作中的; 操作性的;
Meaning
Functioning; in effect; working; active;
Example
The new safety protocols became operative immediately after the accident.
新的安全协议在事故发生后立即生效。
C1 adverb /ˈfɪksɪdli/

Fixedly

专心地
Meaning
in a steady, unmoving manner; with intense concentration
Example
He stared fixedly at the painting.
他专心地盯着画作。
C1 noun səˌsɛp.təˈbɪl.ə.ti

susceptibility

易感性
Meaning
The quality of being likely to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing; vulnerability.
Example
High susceptibility to infections requires extra care.
对感染的高易感性需要额外的护理。
C1 verb, noun /sæp/

sap

树液 / 削弱
Meaning
As a noun: the vital fluid in plants; As a verb: to gradually weaken or drain strength.
Example
The long journey began to sap his energy.
长途旅行开始削弱他的能量。
C1 noun /ˌfæb.rɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

fabrication

虚假发明
Meaning
The invention of false or misleading information; a lie or falsehood.
Example
The article was full of fabrication and misleading claims.
这篇文章充满了虚假的发明和误导性的声明。
C1 noun ˈsɒv.rɪn.ti

sovereignty

主权
Meaning
The authority of a state to govern itself or another state; supreme power or authority.
Example
Sovereignty is essential for a nation's identity.
主权对国家的身份至关重要。
C1 adjective /ˈsted.fæst/

Steadfast

坚定; 坚决; 不动摇
Meaning
firm in belief, determination, or adherence; unwavering
Example
She remained steadfast in her commitment to helping the poor.
她在帮助穷人方面保持坚定的决心。
C1 noun ˌvɛn.əˈreɪ.ʃən

veneration

崇敬
Meaning
Great respect; reverence; the action of regarding with great respect or reverence.
Example
Many cultures show veneration for their ancestors.
许多文化表现出对祖先的崇敬。
C1 noun ˈsʌfrɪdʒ

suffrage

选举权
Meaning
The right to vote in political elections; the principle of political representation.
Example
Universal suffrage was a key demand.
普选权是一个重要的要求。
C1 noun /ˌmʌltɪˈplɪsɪti/

multiplicity

多样性
Meaning
A large number or variety of something.
Example
The project faced a multiplicity of challenges.
该项目面临着多样化的挑战。
C1 adjective /raɪ/

wry

扭曲的，讽刺的
Meaning
twisted or distorted in expression; showing dry, mocking humor
Example
He gave a wry smile after hearing the sarcastic remark.
他在听到讽刺的评论后，露出了扭曲的微笑。
C1 adjective ˈvɪdʒ.ɪ.lənt

vigilant

警觉
Meaning
Keeping careful watch for possible danger or difficulties; alert and watchful.
Example
The guards remained vigilant throughout the night.
警卫整晚保持警觉。
C1 noun /ˈlɪbərəlɪzəm/

liberalism

自由主义
Meaning
a political and social philosophy advocating individual freedoms, democracy, and equality
Example
Liberalism emphasizes freedom of speech and human rights.
自由主义强调言论自由和人权。
C1 noun /ˈkɒntrəbænd/

contraband

走私货物
Meaning
goods that are illegal to import, export, or possess
Example
The police seized a shipment of contraband cigarettes.
警方查获了一批走私香烟。
C1 verb /ədˈmɪnɪstreɪt/

administrate

管理
Meaning
to manage or supervise the execution of duties, laws, or resources; to formally give or apply something such as a test or medicine
Example
The committee will administrate the new policy across all departments.
委员会将在所有部门管理这项新政策。
C1 noun /sɔːd fɪʃ/

Sword fish

剑鱼
Meaning
A large marine fish with an elongated bill resembling a sword
Example
The swordfish can swim at speeds up to 60 mph.
剑鱼的游泳速度可达每小时60英里。
C1 noun ɪˈveɪ.ʒən

evasion

逃避
Meaning
The practice of avoiding or escaping from something, especially responsibility or duty.
Example
His evasion of responsibilities frustrated his colleagues.
他逃避责任的行为使同事们感到沮丧。
C1 adjective /ˈsʌlən/

sullen

闷闷不乐
Meaning
bad-tempered and gloomy; silently resentful
Example
She gave him a sullen look and walked away.
她给了他一个闷闷不乐的眼神，然后走开了。
C1 noun /ˌænəsˈθetɪk/

anesthetic

麻醉剂
Meaning
A substance that causes loss of sensation or consciousness, especially used during surgery.
Example
The doctor administered a local anesthetic before stitching the wound.
医生在缝合伤口之前使用了局部麻醉剂。
C1 adjective /ˈtɜːrbjələnt/

turbulent

动荡
Meaning
Characterized by conflict, disorder, or confusion; not stable or calm.
Example
The country went through a turbulent period of political change.
这个国家经历了一个动荡的政治变革时期。
C1 noun /bəˈbuːn/

Baboon

狒狒
Meaning
a large African and Arabian primate with a dog-like snout and colorful buttocks
Example
The baboon troop gathered around the watering hole in the savanna.
狒狒群聚集在大草原的水坑旁。
C1 verb /rɪˈpiːl/

repeal

Meaning
To officially cancel or revoke a law or decision.
Example
The government decided to repeal the outdated law.
C1 noun /ˈbɪtər ɡɔːrd/

Bitter Gourd

苦瓜
Meaning
a green, bumpy vegetable with a very bitter taste, known for its medicinal properties
Example
Bitter gourd is excellent for controlling blood sugar levels.
苦瓜对于控制血糖水平非常有效。
C1 adjective /ˌjuːtɪlɪˈtɛəriən/

utilitarian

Meaning
Designed to be useful or practical rather than attractive; relating to the doctrine that actions are right if they are useful or for the benefit of a majority.
Example
The building had a simple utilitarian design.
C1 adjective /ɪˈlɪsɪt/

illicit

非法的
Meaning
Forbidden by law, rules, or custom.
Example
The police shut down the illicit drug operation.
警方关闭了非法毒品交易。
C1 noun /ˈjuːnɪsən/

unison

齐声
Meaning
Simultaneous performance or utterance of action or speech.
Example
The choir sang in unison.
合唱团齐声唱歌。
C1 noun /sɪv/

sieve

筛子
Meaning
a utensil with a mesh or perforated bottom, used for straining or sifting
Example
She used a sieve to strain the pasta.
她用筛子过滤意大利面。
C1 noun /ˈmoʊ.tər ˈlɔː.ri/

Motor lorry

摩托卡车
Meaning
a large motor vehicle used for transporting goods; truck
Example
The motor lorry delivered fresh vegetables to the market.
这辆摩托卡车将新鲜蔬菜送到市场。
C1 verb /ˈɡlædən/

gladden

使高兴
Meaning
to make someone happy or bring joy
Example
The news of her recovery gladdened everyone.
她康复的消息让大家高兴。
C1 noun ˈɪm.pɪ.təs

impetus

推动力
Meaning
The force or motivation that drives something forward; momentum.
Example
The new policy provided an impetus for economic growth.
新政策为经济增长提供了推动力。
C1 noun/adjective /ˈmɪriəd/

myriad

无数
Meaning
a countless or extremely great number
Example
There are myriad stars in the night sky.
夜空中有无数的星星。
C1 noun /ˈpɛrəntɪdʒ/

parentage

家族背景
Meaning
The identity and origins of one's parents; descent or lineage.
Example
Her noble parentage gave her access to the royal court.
她的高贵家族背景使她有机会进入皇宫。
C1 verb /trəˈvɜːrs/

traverse

穿越
Meaning
To travel across or through something.
Example
They traversed the desert on camels.
他们骑着骆驼穿越沙漠。
C1 adjective /ˌloʊ ˈspɪrɪtɪd/

low-spirited

沮丧
Meaning
feeling sad, depressed, or lacking enthusiasm
Example
He felt low-spirited after hearing the bad news.
他在听到坏消息后感到沮丧。
C1 noun /ʃoʊl/

shoal

鱼群
Meaning
a large group of fish swimming together; a shallow place in water
Example
We saw a shoal of fish near the coast.
我们在海岸附近看到了鱼群。
C1 verb, noun /ˈflʌstər/

fluster

使困惑
Meaning
to make someone agitated or confused
Example
The unexpected question flustered him.
这个意外的问题让他感到困惑。
C1 noun /fɪˈnænʃɪər/

financier

金融家
Meaning
a person who manages large amounts of money or investments
Example
The financier advised the company on its investments.
金融家为公司提供了关于投资的建议。
C1 noun /hɪˈstɪəriə/

hysteria

Meaning
An uncontrollable outburst of emotion or fear, often characterized by irrational behavior.
Example
The crowd was in a state of hysteria during the concert.
C1 verb /siːð/

seethe

怒火中烧
Meaning
To be filled with intense but unexpressed anger or agitation.
Example
She was seething with anger after the unfair decision.
她在不公平的决定后怒火中烧。
C1 noun /aɪˈtɪnərɛri/

itinerary

行程安排
Meaning
A planned route or schedule of a journey or trip.
Example
The travel agent gave us a detailed itinerary for our vacation.
旅行社为我们的假期提供了详细的行程安排。
C1 noun /ˈmʌltɪplaɪər/

multiplier

乘数
Meaning
a number or factor by which another number is multiplied; something that increases the effect or value of something else
Example
In economics, government spending can act as a multiplier for economic growth.
在经济学中，政府支出可以成为经济增长的乘数。
C1 verb /dɪˈtrækt/

detract

Meaning
To reduce or take away the worth or value of something.
Example
His rude behavior will detract from his good reputation.
C1 verb /ˈskwɒndər/

squander

浪费
Meaning
to waste money, time, or opportunities in a careless way
Example
He squandered his inheritance on gambling.
他把遗产浪费在赌博上。
C1 noun /mɔːs/

Moss

苔藓
Meaning
a small flowerless plant that grows in clumps in moist places
Example
Green moss covered the old stone wall.
绿色的苔藓覆盖了古老的石墙。
C1 verb /ˈɪmplɪˌkeɪt/

implicate

牵涉
Meaning
To show someone’s involvement in a crime or wrongdoing.
Example
The evidence implicated several officials in the scandal.
证据揭示了几名官员在丑闻中的牵涉。
C1 noun /həˌluː.sɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

Hallucination

幻觉; 看到不存在的事物
Meaning
an experience involving the apparent perception of something not present; a false or distorted perception
Example
The patient experienced visual hallucinations as a side effect of the medication.
病人在服用药物时经历了视觉幻觉。
C1 verb /ˈsɔːntər/

saunter

Meaning
to walk in a slow, relaxed manner without hurry or effort
Example
We sauntered along the riverside, stopping now and then to watch the boats.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnsəˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtɪd/

unsophisticated

不复杂
Meaning
Lacking worldly experience, refinement, or complexity.
Example
The villagers led an unsophisticated but happy life.
村民过着简单而幸福的生活。
C1 verb /əˈpɛnd/

append

附加
Meaning
to add something as an attachment or supplement, usually at the end of a document or list
Example
She decided to append a note to the end of the report.
她决定在报告的末尾添加一条注释。
C1 verb /ˈpɜːrkəleɪt/

percolate

Meaning
To filter gradually through a porous surface or substance; to spread slowly.
Example
The rainwater percolated through the soil into the groundwater.
C1 noun ˈmetəl kənˌtæməˈneɪʃən

metal contamination

金属污染
Meaning
The presence of toxic metals in the environment that pose health and environmental risks.
Example
Metal contamination poses severe health risks.
金属污染对健康构成严重威胁。
C1 noun /bruːˈtæləti/

brutality

残暴
Meaning
extreme cruelty or violence; savage or inhumane treatment
Example
The brutality of the attack shocked the entire community.
这次攻击的残暴震惊了整个社区。
C1 noun /klæn/

clan

氏族
Meaning
a large family group or a close-knit community with shared interests or ancestry
Example
The entire clan gathered to celebrate the festival.
整个氏族聚集在一起庆祝节日。
C1 adjective /prɪˈpɒstərəs/

preposterous

荒谬的, 可笑的
Meaning
completely ridiculous or absurd; contrary to reason or common sense
Example
The idea that pigs could fly is preposterous.
认为猪能飞的想法是荒谬的。
C1 noun /ˌdɪspɛnˈseɪʃən/

dispensation

Meaning
An exemption from a rule or usual requirement; a system of order, government, or control.
Example
The school granted him a special dispensation to skip the exam due to illness.
C1 verb /ˈsmoʊldər/

smolder

慢慢燃烧
Meaning
to burn slowly with smoke but no flame; to show suppressed anger or emotion
Example
The fire smoldered for hours before it went out.
火灾持续了几个小时才熄灭。
C1 noun /ˈʌndərˌɡɑːrmənt/

undergarment

内衣
Meaning
a piece of clothing worn under outer clothes, usually next to the skin
Example
He bought new undergarments for the wedding.
他为婚礼买了新的内衣。
C1 verb/noun /ˈkwɪbəl/

quibble

Meaning
To argue or raise objections about a trivial matter; a petty objection.
Example
They quibbled over who should pay the bill.
C1 noun/verb /ˈhɛmərɪdʒ/

hemorrhage

出血
Meaning
A significant loss of blood from a ruptured blood vessel, or to lose blood heavily.
Example
The patient suffered a severe brain hemorrhage.
患者遭受了严重的脑出血。
C1 verb /ɡeɪp/

gape

张嘴凝视
Meaning
to stare with mouth wide open; to be wide open
Example
The crowd gaped at the amazing magic trick.
人群睁大眼睛，惊讶地看着魔术表演。
C1 adjective /ˈdek.stər.əs/

dexterous

灵巧
Meaning
Showing or having skill, especially with the hands; mentally adroit and skillful.
Example
A dexterous programmer can write complex codes effortlessly.
一个灵巧的程序员可以毫不费力地写出复杂的代码。
C1 adjective /ˈmɜːki/

murky

浑浊
Meaning
Dark, gloomy, and difficult to see through; obscure.
Example
We avoided swimming in the murky river.
我们避免在浑浊的河水中游泳。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈfæləbl̩/

infallible

无懈可击
Meaning
incapable of making mistakes or being wrong
Example
Her judgment seemed infallible in matters of finance.
她的判断在财务问题上似乎无懈可击。
C1 noun ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl̩ ˈkɒmpɪtənsi

indispensable competency

不可或缺的能力
Meaning
Essential skill or ability that cannot be done without; a crucial capability that is absolutely necessary.
Example
Digital literacy is an indispensable competency in the 21st century.
数字素养是21世纪不可或缺的能力。
C1 noun /ˌmɪsˈdiːd/

Misdeed

恶行; 罪行
Meaning
A wicked or illegal act; wrongdoing
Example
He regretted his past misdeeds and tried to make amends.
他后悔过去的恶行，并试图弥补。
C1 adjective /ɪˌlɪzəˈbiːθən/

elizabethan

伊丽莎白时代
Meaning
Relating to the reign of Queen Elizabeth I of England (1558–1603), especially the style of that period.
Example
Shakespeare wrote many of his plays during the Elizabethan era.
莎士比亚在伊丽莎白时代写了许多剧作。
C1 verb /ˈlɛdʒɪsˌleɪt/

legislate

立法
Meaning
to make or enact laws
Example
The government plans to legislate new safety standards.
政府计划制定新的安全标准。
C1 noun /veɪl/

vale

山谷
Meaning
A valley, often used in a poetic or literary sense.
Example
The village lay hidden in a quiet green vale.
村庄隐藏在一个宁静的绿色山谷中。
C1 noun ˌeə.rəʊ.daɪˈnæm.ɪks

aerodynamics

空气动力学
Meaning
The study of the properties of moving air and the interaction between the air and solid bodies moving through it.
Example
The aerodynamics of an aircraft determines its speed and efficiency.
一架飞机的空气动力学决定了它的速度和效率。
C1 verb /dɪˈstɪl/

distill

Meaning
To purify a liquid by heating and cooling; to extract the essential meaning or most important aspects.
Example
The factory distills water to make it safe for drinking.
C1 adjective /pərˈsweɪdəbl̩/

persuadable

容易说服的
Meaning
capable of being convinced or influenced to do something
Example
She was easily persuadable when it came to trying new foods.
她在尝试新食物时很容易被说服。
C1 noun /ɪnˈdaɪtmənt/

indictment

起诉书
Meaning
a formal charge or accusation of a serious crime
Example
The indictment accused the company of multiple violations.
起诉书指控公司存在多项违规行为。
C1 adjective /ɪˈnɒkjuəs/

innocuous

无害的
Meaning
Not harmful or offensive.
Example
His remark was completely innocuous and not meant to offend anyone.
他的评论完全无害，并且没有冒犯任何人的意思。
C1 adjective /ˈɔːrdɪnəl/

ordinal

序数
Meaning
Relating to the order or position of something in a sequence (first, second, third, etc.).
Example
The ordinal number 'third' indicates position in a sequence.
序数词'第三'表示在顺序中的位置。
C1 noun/verb /ˈætrəfi/

atrophy

萎缩
Meaning
a decrease in size or wasting away of a body part, tissue, or ability due to lack of use
Example
Without regular exercise, muscles may atrophy over time.
没有规律的锻炼，肌肉随着时间的推移可能会萎缩。
C1 adjective /ˈsɛn.sər.i/

sensory

感官的
Meaning
Related to the five human senses (sight, hearing, taste, touch, smell).
Example
Sensory feedback enhances the VR experience.
感官反馈增强了虚拟现实体验。
C1 adjective /ɪkˈspænsɪv/

expansive

广阔的
Meaning
covering a wide area or having a wide range of ideas or emotions
Example
They enjoyed the expansive view from the hilltop.
他们享受从山顶看到的广阔景色。
C1 adjective /ˈdʒoʊ.vi.əl/

jovial

愉快
Meaning
cheerful and friendly in manner
Example
He was in a jovial mood during the family gathering.
他在家庭聚会上心情愉快。
C1 noun /ˈspɛkjʊˌleɪtər/

speculator

投机者
Meaning
A person who forms theories without evidence, or invests in assets hoping for profit.
Example
The real estate speculator bought land hoping its value would rise.
房地产投机者购买了土地，希望其价值会增加。
C1 noun ˈaʊt.sɔːr.sɪŋ

outsourcing

外包
Meaning
The practice of having certain job functions done outside a company instead of having an in-house department or employee handle them.
Example
Many companies use outsourcing to reduce labor costs.
许多公司使用外包来降低劳动力成本。
C1 verb /ˈpæs.ɪ.faɪ/

pacify

安抚；抚慰；平息
Meaning
To quell the anger, agitation, or excitement of someone.
Example
The mother tried to pacify her crying child.
妈妈试图安抚她正在哭泣的孩子。
C1 noun /meər/

Mare

母马
Meaning
an adult female horse
Example
The beautiful mare galloped across the meadow.
美丽的母马在草地上飞奔。
C1 noun /ˈɒntreɪ/ (UK), /ˈɑːntreɪ/ (US)

entree

主菜
Meaning
The main course of a meal (US); the right to enter or access (formal).
Example
The restaurant’s signature steak was served as the main entree.
餐厅的招牌牛排作为主菜上桌。
C1 noun /kæʃ/

cache

缓存
Meaning
A hidden storage of items or a high-speed memory in computing.
Example
The hikers found a cache of supplies hidden under the rocks.
远足者在岩石下发现了一个隐藏的物资存储。
C1 adjective /ˈkɔː.stɪk/

caustic

腐蚀性的, 尖刻的
Meaning
able to burn or corrode by chemical action; severely sarcastic
Example
Her caustic remarks hurt his feelings.
她尖刻的评论伤害了他的感情。
C1 noun /ˈskævɪndʒər/

scavenger

食尸者 / 垃圾收集者
Meaning
an animal or person that feeds on dead or discarded material
Example
Vultures are natural scavengers that clean up the environment.
秃鹫是自然的清道夫，清理环境。
C1 adjective /bɪˈrɛft/

bereft

失落的
Meaning
Deprived of or lacking something, especially a nonmaterial asset.
Example
After the betrayal, he felt bereft of hope and trust.
背叛后，他感到失落于希望和信任。
C1 adjective /ˌdɪsɪnˈdʒɛnjʊəs/

disingenuous

虚伪的
Meaning
not candid or sincere; giving a false appearance of honesty or openness
Example
She gave a disingenuous excuse for missing the meeting.
她给出了一个虚伪的借口来错过会议。
C1 noun /ˌdʒæm.bəˈriː/

Jamboree

嘉年华; 庆典;
Meaning
a large celebration or party; a gathering with entertainment; a festive event
Example
The scout jamboree brought together thousands of young people from around the world.
童子军集会把来自世界各地的成千上万的年轻人聚集在一起。
C1 adjective /sɪˈnɒnɪməs/

synonymous

同义词
Meaning
having the same or nearly the same meaning; closely associated with something
Example
For many people, her name is synonymous with generosity.
对于许多人来说，她的名字是慷慨的同义词。
C1 adjective /ˌniːoʊˈlɪθɪk/

neolithic

新石器时代的
Meaning
Relating to the later part of the Stone Age, when ground or polished stone weapons and tools prevailed.
Example
Neolithic communities began practicing agriculture and domesticating animals.
新石器时代的社区开始从事农业和驯化动物。
C1 noun /ˈmætɪneɪ/

matinee

下午场
Meaning
A performance, especially a play or movie, that takes place in the afternoon.
Example
We bought tickets for the Sunday afternoon matinee.
我们买了周日下午场的票。
C1 noun /ˈɛksədəs/

exodus

大规模撤离
Meaning
A mass departure of people from a place.
Example
There was a sudden exodus of workers after the strike began.
罢工开始后，工人们突然发生了大规模撤离。
C1 verb /weɪn/

wane

减少
Meaning
To decrease gradually in power, intensity, or size.
Example
The moon wanes after the full moon night.
月亮在满月之夜后开始减退。
C1 noun /ˈpluː.mɪdʒ/

plumage

羽毛
Meaning
the feathers covering a bird's body
Example
The peacock's plumage was vibrant and eye-catching.
孔雀的羽毛鲜艳夺目。
C1 verb /ˈhɪpnətaɪz/

hypnotize

催眠
Meaning
to put someone into a state of hypnosis; to influence someone's mind deeply
Example
The magician tried to hypnotize the audience.
魔术师试图催眠观众。
C1 noun /hjuːˈmɪl.ɪ.ti/

humility

Meaning
The quality of having a modest or low view of one's importance.
Example
She accepted the award with grace and humility.
C1 noun /ˈɡæmbɪt/

gambit

开局牺牲
Meaning
a calculated move or remark intended to gain an advantage, especially in chess or conversation
Example
His opening gambit in the debate caught everyone by surprise.
他在辩论中的开局牺牲让所有人都吃惊。
C1 verb /ɪnˈsjuː/

ensue

发生
Meaning
to happen as a result or consequence
Example
After the argument, silence ensued.
争论后，沉默随之而来。
C1 noun /ˈpɑːrtʃmənt/

parchment

羊皮纸
Meaning
a thin material made from animal skin, used in the past for writing
Example
The ancient manuscript was written on parchment.
古老的手稿写在羊皮纸上。
C1 adjective /vɪnˈdɪk.tɪv/

Vindictive

复仇心强的
Meaning
having or showing a strong or unreasoning desire for revenge
Example
His vindictive behavior towards his former colleagues was unprofessional.
他对前同事的复仇心态非常不专业。
C1 adjective /ˈtækt.ləs/

tactless

失礼
Meaning
showing a lack of sensitivity in dealing with others
Example
His tactless remark embarrassed everyone at the meeting.
他的失礼评论让会议中的每个人都感到尴尬。
C1 adjective /ˈkwiːzi/

queasy

恶心
Meaning
Feeling sick to one's stomach; nauseated.
Example
She felt queasy after the long boat ride.
她在长时间的船上旅行后感到恶心。
C1 noun /ˈkɒn.vɔɪ/

convoy

车队
Meaning
a group of vehicles or ships traveling together, often for protection
Example
The military convoy moved through the desert at dawn.
军队车队黎明时穿越沙漠。
C1 noun /juːˈtoʊpiə/

utopia

乌托邦
Meaning
An imagined perfect society or place where everything is ideal.
Example
Many philosophers dreamed of creating a utopia for humanity.
许多哲学家梦想着为人类创造一个乌托邦。
C1 noun /ˈtreɪ.ki.ə/

Trachea

气管
Meaning
the tube that carries air from the throat to the lungs; windpipe
Example
The trachea is protected by cartilage rings that keep it open.
气管由软骨环保护，保持畅通。
C1 verb/noun ˈbuːt.stræp

bootstrap

通过使用个人资源而非外部资金启动并发展一个企业
Meaning
To start and develop a business using personal resources without external funding.
Example
He bootstrapped his company with minimal resources.
他用最小的资源启动了自己的公司。
C1 adjective /ˈvɑːlətl/

volatile

波动的
Meaning
likely to change rapidly and unpredictably, especially for the worse
Example
The stock market is extremely volatile these days.
股市这些天极其波动。
C1 verb /rɪˈmɪt/

remit

汇款 / 免除
Meaning
To send money in payment or as a gift; to cancel or refrain from exacting a debt or punishment.
Example
He promised to remit the payment by the end of the week.
他承诺在本周末之前汇款。
C1 adjective /ˈwɪm.zɪ.kəl/

Whimsical

异想天开; 古怪
Meaning
playfully quaint or fanciful, especially in an appealing and amusing way
Example
The artist created whimsical sculptures that delighted children.
艺术家创作了富有奇思妙想的雕塑，令孩子们开心。
C1 noun /pɒˈstɛrɪti/

posterity

后代
Meaning
All future generations of people.
Example
The monument was built for the benefit of posterity.
这座纪念碑是为后代的利益而建造的。
C1 noun /əˈlɜːrtnəs/

alertness

警觉性
Meaning
the state of being mentally aware and quick to notice or respond; vigilance
Example
The driver maintained a high level of alertness during the long journey.
司机在长途驾驶中保持了高度的警觉性。