atrociously
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C1 adverb /əˈtroʊʃəsli/

atrociously

极其糟糕地
Meaning
in a very cruel, shocking, or extremely bad manner
Example
The service at the restaurant was atrociously slow.
这家餐馆的服务慢得极其糟糕。
C1 noun /ˈspɔɪlˌspɔːrt/

spoilsport

扫兴的人
Meaning
A person who ruins other people's enjoyment or fun.
Example
Don't be a spoilsport and let us enjoy the party.
不要做扫兴的人，放我们享受派对吧。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsɛnsəbl/

insensible

昏迷
Meaning
Unconscious; unaware of or indifferent to something.
Example
He was insensible to the cold as he lay in the snow.
他在雪地里躺着时，对寒冷昏迷不觉。
C1 noun /ænˈtɪθəsɪs/

antithesis

对立面
Meaning
A person, thing, or idea that is the direct opposite of another; a rhetorical device contrasting opposing ideas in parallel structure.
Example
Love is the antithesis of hate.
爱是仇恨的对立面。
C1 verb /kənˈkɒkt/

concoct

混合或发明
Meaning
to make something, especially food or a story, by mixing or inventing
Example
He concocted a story to explain his absence.
他编造了一个故事来解释他的缺席。
C1 adjective əʊˈpeɪk

opaque

不透明, 难以理解
Meaning
Not able to be seen through; not transparent; difficult to understand.
Example
The glass was too opaque to see through.
玻璃太不透明，无法看透。
C1 noun /ˈskaʊndrəl/

scoundrel

无赖
Meaning
a dishonest or unscrupulous person; a villain
Example
That scoundrel cheated the old man out of his savings.
那个无赖骗取了老人家的积蓄。
C1 adjective /ˈvɪrjʊlənt/

virulent

极其有害
Meaning
Extremely severe or harmful in its effects.
Example
The virulent disease spread rapidly across the region.
这种病毒性疾病迅速在该地区传播。
C1 verb /prɒd/

prod

推
Meaning
to poke or push someone or something with a finger, foot, or pointed object
Example
She prodded him in the arm to get his attention.
她用手肘轻轻推了推他，引起了他的注意。
C1 noun /væt/

vat

大容器
Meaning
A large container used for holding liquids such as dye or wine.
Example
The workers filled the vat with freshly pressed grape juice.
工人们把新鲜压榨的葡萄汁倒入了大容器中。
C1 verb /əkˈsɛntʃueɪt/

accentuate

强调
Meaning
to emphasize or make something more noticeable
Example
The lighting accentuated the beauty of the painting.
灯光突出了画作的美感。
C1 adjective /wɒn/

wan

苍白
Meaning
looking pale or sickly; lacking color or vitality
Example
After the long illness, his face looked wan and tired.
在长时间的病后，他的脸看起来苍白且疲倦。
C1 noun /ˌæbəˈrɪdʒəniːz/

aborigines

土著
Meaning
The original inhabitants of a land, especially in Australia.
Example
The aborigines have preserved their traditions for thousands of years.
土著人已经保护了他们的传统数千年。
C1 noun /hɪˈpɑː.krə.si/

Hypocrisy

伪善
Meaning
the practice of claiming to have moral standards that one does not actually possess; insincerity
Example
His hypocrisy was exposed when he criticized others for the same mistakes he had made.
当他因为自己犯过的同样错误而指责别人时，他的伪善暴露无遗。
C1 verb /ɪnˈhɪbɪt/

inhibit

抑制
Meaning
to prevent or restrain someone or something from acting freely; to hinder
Example
Fear can inhibit personal growth.
恐惧可能会抑制个人成长。
C1 adjective /ˈkɔːrdiəl/

Cordial

亲切的; 真诚的; 热情的
Meaning
warmly friendly; sincere; heartfelt
Example
She gave us a cordial welcome at the front door.
她在门口给了我们热情的欢迎。
C1 noun /ˈæltoʊ/

alto

高音 (成人歌唱声部)
Meaning
the second highest adult singing voice, between soprano and tenor
Example
She sang the alto part in the choir beautifully.
她在合唱团中美妙地唱着高音部分。
C1 verb /daɪˈvʌldʒ/

divulge

透露
Meaning
to make known something private, secret, or previously unknown
Example
She refused to divulge the source of her information.
她拒绝透露她信息的来源。
C1 adjective /ˈdaɪ.si/

dicey

冒险的
Meaning
Risky or unpredictable; potentially dangerous.
Example
Investing in that company looks pretty dicey right now.
现在投资这家公司看起来非常冒险。
C1 noun /ˈkæptər/

captor

劫持者
Meaning
a person or group who has captured someone or something
Example
The hostage managed to escape from his captors.
人质成功从劫持者那里逃脱。
C1 noun /ˈklæmər/

clamor

喧嚣
Meaning
a loud and confused noise, especially of people shouting insistently
Example
The clamor of the protesting crowd filled the square.
抗议人群的喧嚣充满了广场。
C1 noun /ɪˈnɪɡ.mə/

enigma

谜团
Meaning
A person or thing that is mysterious, puzzling, or difficult to understand.
Example
Life remains an enigma to many.
生活对许多人来说仍然是一个谜团。
C1 adjective /ˈdʒen.ɪ.təl/

genital

与生殖器官相关
Meaning
relating to the reproductive organs
Example
The doctor explained the importance of genital hygiene.
医生解释了生殖器卫生的重要性。
C1 noun /ˌmɛrɪˈtɒkrəsi/

meritocracy

精英制度
Meaning
A system in which advancement is based on individual ability or achievement.
Example
In a true meritocracy, the most capable people rise to leadership positions.
在真正的精英制度中，最有能力的人会晋升为领导职位。
C1 noun /ˈiːɡoʊˌtɪzəm/

egotism

自负
Meaning
The practice of talking and thinking about oneself excessively because of an inflated sense of self-importance.
Example
His constant boasting revealed his egotism.
他的不断吹嘘揭示了他的自负。
C1 verb /ˈstæɡ.neɪt/

stagnate

停滞
Meaning
to stop developing, progressing, or moving
Example
Without innovation, the business will stagnate.
没有创新，生意将会停滞不前。
C1 noun /ˈæbət/

abbot

院长
Meaning
The head of a monastery for monks.
Example
The abbot welcomed the visitors to the monastery.
院长欢迎游客来到修道院。
C1 adjective ˌɪdiəsɪnˈkrætɪk

idiosyncratic

独特且个性化
Meaning
Relating to idiosyncrasy; peculiar or individual.
Example
His idiosyncratic behavior set him apart from his colleagues.
他的独特行为使他与同事们区别开来。
C1 noun /ˈɔːtəkræt/

autocrat

独裁者
Meaning
A ruler with absolute power.
Example
The autocrat controlled the country with an iron fist.
这个独裁者以铁拳统治着国家。
C1 noun /ˈpɒ̃ʃɒ̃/

penchant

倾向
Meaning
a strong or habitual liking for something or tendency to do something
Example
She has a penchant for collecting rare books.
她有收集稀有书籍的倾向。
C1 noun /ˌtrɛpɪˈdeɪʃən/

trepidation

忧虑
Meaning
a feeling of fear or anxiety about something that may happen
Example
She opened the letter with some trepidation.
她带着一些忧虑打开了信件。
C1 adjective /ɛnˌsaɪkləˈpiːdɪk/

encyclopedic

百科全书的
Meaning
Having comprehensive knowledge of many subjects; relating to or characteristic of an encyclopedia.
Example
Her encyclopedic knowledge of history amazed everyone at the conference.
她对历史的百科全书式知识令会议上的所有人都惊讶不已。
C1 noun /ɪkˈstrɛmɪti/

extremity

极限
Meaning
The farthest point or limit of something; a severe or extreme condition.
Example
He was pushed to the extremity of his patience.
他被推到了耐心的极限。
C1 verb /sɪˈdjuːs/

seduce

Meaning
to attract someone into doing something, especially something they might not normally do
Example
The advertisement was designed to seduce customers into buying luxury products.
C1 verb /ˈpleɪdʒəraɪz/

plagiarize

剽窃
Meaning
to take someone else's work or ideas and present them as your own
Example
He was warned not to plagiarize his friend's essay.
他被警告不要剽窃朋友的文章。
C1 verb /tʃɑːr/

char

烧焦
Meaning
To burn or scorch something so that it becomes blackened.
Example
The cook accidentally charred the steak.
厨师不小心烧焦了牛排。
C1 noun /əˈsem.bli ˈseʃ.ən/

assembly session

大会会议
Meaning
A formal meeting where representatives gather to discuss and make decisions on important matters.
Example
The assembly session discussed global challenges.
大会会议讨论了全球性挑战。
C1 adjective /dɪˈrɒɡətɔːri/

derogatory

贬低的
Meaning
Showing a critical or disrespectful attitude.
Example
The article contained derogatory comments about the politician.
文章包含了对政治家的贬低评论。
C1 adjective /ˈlætərəl/

lateral

侧面
Meaning
Relating to the side or sideways movement.
Example
The football player made a quick lateral pass.
足球运动员做了一个快速的侧面传球。
C1 noun /ɪkˈstræv.ə.ɡəns/

Extravagance

过度开支; 浪费
Meaning
lack of restraint in spending money; excessive expense
Example
The wedding celebration was criticized for its unnecessary extravagance.
婚礼庆典因不必要的奢华而受到批评。
C1 noun ˌæprɪˈhɛnʃən

apprehension

忧虑
Meaning
Anxiety or fear that something bad or unpleasant will happen.
Example
There is an apprehension about the depletion of fish stocks.
对鱼类资源减少的忧虑正在增加。
C1 noun /ˈæmplɪtjuːd/

amplitude

振幅
Meaning
the maximum extent of a vibration or oscillation, or the size of something
Example
The amplitude of the earthquake was measured on the Richter scale.
地震的振幅在里氏震级上被测量。
C1 verb /splaɪs/

splice

拼接
Meaning
to join two pieces of rope, film, or other material by weaving or attaching them together
Example
The technician spliced the two wires to restore the connection.
技术员将两根电线拼接起来以恢复连接。
C1 noun /ˌpæl.pɪˈteɪ.ʃən/

Palpitation

由于激动或医学状况引起的明显快速、强烈或不规则的心跳
Meaning
a noticeably rapid, strong, or irregular heartbeat due to agitation or medical condition
Example
She experienced palpitations before her job interview.
她在面试前感受到了心悸。
C1 adjective /ˌɪnˌkɒnsɪˈkwɛnʃəl/

inconsequential

微不足道
Meaning
Not important or significant; too small to matter.
Example
The mistake was minor and inconsequential.
这个错误是微不足道的。
C1 verb /dɪˈspɛl/

dispel

驱散
Meaning
to make a doubt, feeling, or belief disappear
Example
The teacher's explanation dispelled the students' confusion.
老师的解释消除了学生们的困惑。
C1 noun /əˈpærəl/

apparel

衣服
Meaning
Clothing, especially formal or special clothes.
Example
The store specializes in wedding apparel.
商店专门出售婚礼服装。
C1 adjective /rɪˈsɜːrdʒənt/

resurgent

复兴的
Meaning
Becoming strong, active, or popular again.
Example
The resurgent economy gave hope to many businesses.
复兴的经济给许多企业带来了希望。
C1 adjective /ˌɪlɪˈdʒɪtɪmət/

illegitimate

非法
Meaning
Not authorized by law, rules, or standards; not recognized as valid.
Example
The court ruled the contract to be illegitimate.
法院裁定合同是非法的。
C1 noun ˈsɪn.tæks

syntax

语法
Meaning
The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.
Example
Programming languages follow strict syntax rules.
编程语言遵循严格的语法规则。
C1 noun/verb /kruːˈseɪd/

crusade

十字军，激烈运动
Meaning
a vigorous campaign for a social, political, or religious cause; to fight passionately for a cause
Example
She has been crusading for women's rights all her life.
她为妇女权利而斗争了一生。
C1 verb /əˈbaʊnd/

abound

充满
Meaning
To exist in large numbers or amounts.
Example
Opportunities abound in the field of technology.
在技术领域，机会比比皆是。
C1 noun /ɪˈvæp.ər.ə.tɪv ˈkuː.lər/

Evaporative cooler

蒸发冷却器
Meaning
a cooling device that uses water evaporation to reduce air temperature
Example
The evaporative cooler works best in dry climates.
蒸发冷却器在干燥的气候中效果最好。
C1 noun /ˈmɒd.ə.sti/

Modesty

谦逊; 谦虚
Meaning
the quality of being humble and not boastful about achievements
Example
Despite his success, he showed great modesty.
尽管成功，他展示了极大的谦虚。
C1 noun/verb /smʌdʒ/

smudge

污点，脏污的印记
Meaning
a dirty mark or smear; to make something dirty or unclear by rubbing or touching
Example
She accidentally smudged her lipstick on the napkin.
她不小心把口红弄到餐巾纸上了。
C1 noun /ˈfɔːrɡraʊnd/

foreground

前景
Meaning
the part of a scene that is nearest to and in front of the viewer
Example
The flowers in the foreground brightened the picture.
前景的花朵使画面更加生动。
C1 verb ɪˈluːd

elude

逃避
Meaning
Evade or escape from, typically in a skillful or cunning way; avoid being caught.
Example
The thief managed to elude the police.
小偷成功逃脱了警察。
C1 noun /ˌmiːdɪˈeɪʃən/

mediation

调解
Meaning
Intervention between parties to promote reconciliation, settlement, or compromise.
Example
The mediation helped resolve the conflict between the two teams.
调解帮助解决了两队之间的冲突。
C1 adjective /ˈɡɔːri/

gory

血腥
Meaning
involving or showing a lot of bloodshed and violence
Example
The movie was too gory for children.
这部电影对孩子来说太血腥了。
C1 noun /ˈzɪn.i.ə/

Zinnia

泽尼亚
Meaning
A colorful garden flower with daisy-like blooms, popular for its vibrant colors and long-lasting nature
Example
The garden was filled with bright zinnias in various colors.
花园里充满了各种色彩鲜艳的泽尼亚花。
C1 noun /krəˈʃɛndoʊ/

crescendo

声音逐渐增强
Meaning
a gradual increase in loudness or intensity, especially in music
Example
The orchestra built to a powerful crescendo before the finale.
乐队在结尾前逐渐增强了强烈的高潮。
C1 noun /ˈdɛljuːdʒ/

deluge

洪水
Meaning
A severe flood; an overwhelming quantity of something.
Example
The town was hit by a deluge of rain in just a few hours.
该镇在几个小时内被大雨洪水淹没。
C1 adjective /tjuːˈmʌltʃuəs/

tumultuous

动荡
Meaning
Characterized by disorder, noisy excitement, or emotional agitation.
Example
They had a tumultuous relationship full of ups and downs.
他们有一段充满波动的关系，起伏不定。
C1 noun /fɑːrs/

farce

闹剧
Meaning
a comic dramatic work using buffoonery and horseplay, or a ridiculous situation
Example
The meeting turned into a complete farce with everyone arguing.
会议变成了一场彻底的闹剧，大家都在争论。
C1 adjective /ˈmærɪtəl/

marital

婚姻的
Meaning
Relating to marriage or the relationship between husband and wife.
Example
They sought counseling to resolve their marital issues.
他们寻求咨询以解决他们的婚姻问题。
C1 adjective /ˈdestatəʊt/

Destitute

贫困的; 极其贫穷的; 无钱无物
Meaning
extremely poor; without money or possessions
Example
Many families became destitute after the economic collapse.
许多家庭在经济崩溃后变得贫困。
C1 noun /rɪˈspɒndənt/

respondent

响应者
Meaning
A person who replies to something, especially in a survey or legal case
Example
The survey had over 1,000 respondents.
调查有超过1000名响应者。
C1 noun /djuːn/

dune

沙丘
Meaning
A hill or ridge of sand formed by the wind, usually found in deserts or near beaches.
Example
The children played on the sand dune by the beach.
孩子们在海滩旁的沙丘上玩耍。
C1 adjective /ˈhæɡ.ərd/

Haggard

看起来疲惫和虚弱，尤其是由于疲劳、担忧或痛苦
Meaning
looking exhausted and unwell, especially from fatigue, worry, or suffering
Example
After working three nights without sleep, he looked haggard.
经过三夜没睡觉，他看起来很疲惫。
C1 adjective /kəmˈpʌlsɪv/

compulsive

强迫的
Meaning
Resulting from or acting on an irresistible urge, especially one that is against one's conscious wishes.
Example
He is a compulsive gambler who cannot stop placing bets.
他是一个强迫症赌博者，无法停止下赌注。
C1 noun /ˈʃoʊ.vəˌnɪz.əm/

chauvinism

Meaning
Excessive or prejudiced support for one's own cause, group, or gender, often with contempt for others.
Example
The company's culture was criticized for promoting male chauvinism.
C1 verb, noun /ˈbrɪsəl/

bristle

刚毛; 愤怒反应
Meaning
to react angrily or defensively; a short stiff hair or fiber
Example
The cat bristled when it saw the dog.
猫看到狗时毛发竖起来。
C1 adjective ˌsʌbˈlɪm.ɪ.nəl

subliminal

低于意识阈值存在或运作，未被意识到的影响或感知
Meaning
Existing or operating below the threshold of consciousness; perceived by or affecting someone's mind without their being aware of it.
Example
Advertisements often have subliminal messages.
广告常常包含潜意识的讯息。
C1 noun /ˈrɛtrəsˌpɛkt/

retrospect

回顾
Meaning
the act of looking back on or reviewing past events
Example
In retrospect, the decision seemed unwise.
回顾来看，那个决定似乎不明智。
C1 noun, adjective /dɪˈfiːtɪst/

defeatist

失败主义者
Meaning
A person who expects or is excessively ready to accept failure; showing a tendency to expect defeat.
Example
His defeatist attitude discouraged the rest of the team.
他的失败主义态度使队伍中的其他人感到灰心。
C1 adjective ˈmer.ɪt beɪst

merit-based

基于优点
Meaning
Based on or determined by individual merit, ability, or achievement rather than other factors.
Example
Merit-based recruitment strengthens the workforce.
基于优点的招聘强化了劳动力。
C1 noun /ˈsɜːrmən/

sermon

讲道
Meaning
A religious discourse delivered by a preacher, often offering moral instruction or spiritual guidance.
Example
The pastor gave a moving sermon about compassion and forgiveness.
牧师做了一个关于同情和宽恕的感人讲道。
C1 verb /skrɔːl/

scrawl

匆忙地写
Meaning
to write or draw something quickly and carelessly, making it hard to read
Example
He scrawled his signature at the bottom of the page.
他在页面底部匆忙签上了自己的名字。
C1 noun /ˈsɪmətri/

symmetry

对称
Meaning
the quality of having balanced proportions or identical parts facing each other
Example
The building’s symmetry impressed the visitors.
建筑的对称性给游客留下了深刻的印象。
C1 adjective /ˈɡræn.jʊ.lər/

granular

颗粒状
Meaning
Consisting of small grains or particles; detailed and specific.
Example
The report provided a granular analysis of the market data.
报告提供了市场数据的详细分析。
C1 verb /rɪˈbjuːk/

rebuke

斥责
Meaning
to criticize or scold sharply; to express disapproval
Example
The teacher had to rebuke the student for cheating.
老师因作弊而斥责学生。
C1 adjective /ˈstʌm.pi/

Stumpy

矮胖
Meaning
short and thick; having a short, thick appearance
Example
The stumpy little dog wagged its tail enthusiastically.
那只矮胖的小狗兴奋地摇着尾巴。
C1 adjective /ɪˈnɜːrt/

inert

惰性
Meaning
lacking the ability or strength to move or act; chemically inactive
Example
The patient remained inert on the bed.
病人躺在床上保持不动。
C1 adjective /dɪˈfɪʃənt/

Deficient

缺乏的
Meaning
not having enough of a specified quality or ingredient; lacking or inadequate
Example
His diet was deficient in essential vitamins.
他的饮食缺乏必需的维生素。
C1 adjective /vɜːrˈboʊs/

verbose

冗长
Meaning
Using or expressed in more words than are needed; wordy.
Example
His verbose explanation confused the audience instead of clarifying the issue.
他冗长的解释使观众感到困惑，而不是澄清问题。
C1 noun /ˈʃæpəroʊn/

chaperon

陪伴者
Meaning
An older person who accompanies and supervises young people in social situations.
Example
The teacher acted as a chaperon during the school dance.
老师在学校舞会期间担任了陪伴者的角色。
C1 noun /ˈbreɪkər/

breaker

断路器（打破某物的人或物体；在岸边破碎成泡沫的大海浪；中断电路的设备）
Meaning
A person or thing that breaks something; a large sea wave that breaks into foam near the shore; a device that interrupts an electric circuit.
Example
The breaker tripped during the storm, cutting off electricity.
暴风雨期间，断路器跳闸，切断了电力。
C1 adjective /ˌhɒməˈdʒiːniəs/

homogeneous

同质的，一致的
Meaning
Of the same kind; alike.
Example
The team was not homogeneous in their skills.
该团队在他们的技能上不是同质的。
C1 verb /proʊˈtrækt/

protract

延长
Meaning
To prolong or extend in time or duration.
Example
Negotiations were protracted for several months.
谈判持续了几个月。
C1 adjective ˌɪn.tə.dʒen.əˈreɪ.ʃən.əl

intergenerational

代际的，存在于不同代际之间
Meaning
Existing or occurring between different generations of a family.
Example
Intergenerational wisdom ensures cultural continuity.
代际智慧确保文化的延续。
C1 verb /ɪnˈsjuː/

ensue

发生
Meaning
to happen as a result or consequence
Example
After the argument, silence ensued.
争论后，沉默随之而来。
C1 verb /ˈmedɪkeɪt/

medicate

用药治疗
Meaning
to treat with medicine; to give drugs to someone for medical purposes
Example
The doctor will medicate the patient to reduce inflammation.
医生将为病人治疗以减轻炎症。
C1 adverb kəmˈpæktli

compactly

紧凑地
Meaning
In a closely packed or dense manner.
Example
Protons and neutrons are compactly arranged.
质子和中子紧密地排列。
C1 adjective /ˌɪntərˈtʃeɪndʒəbl/

interchangeable

可互换的
Meaning
able to be exchanged with each other without difference or loss of function
Example
These machine parts are interchangeable, so they can be replaced easily.
这些机器部件是可互换的，所以它们可以轻松地被替换。
C1 noun /səˈvænə/

savanna

草原（散布着树木）
Meaning
a grassy plain with scattered trees, typical of tropical and subtropical regions
Example
Giraffes browsed on acacia trees across the wide savanna.
长颈鹿在广阔的萨凡纳上吃着金合欢树的叶子。
C1 adjective /ˈspaɪni/

spiny

多刺的
Meaning
covered with or full of spines; having sharp points
Example
The spiny cactus stood tall in the desert.
多刺的仙人掌在沙漠中挺立。
C1 noun /ˈkwæɡˌmaɪər/

quagmire

泥潭，困境
Meaning
a soft, wet area of land that gives way underfoot; a complex or dangerous situation
Example
The hikers were trapped in a political quagmire.
徒步旅行者被困在一个政治泥潭中。
C1 noun /ˌɪn.dʒəˈnjuː.ɪ.ti/

ingenuity

独创性
Meaning
The quality of being clever, original, and inventive.
Example
His ingenuity led to groundbreaking innovations.
他的独创性导致了开创性的创新。
C1 adjective ˈflʌd proʊn

flood-prone

易受洪水影响
Meaning
Susceptible to flooding; likely to experience floods frequently.
Example
Bangladesh is a flood-prone deltaic nation.
孟加拉国是一个容易发生洪水的三角洲国家。
C1 adjective /ˌɪnɔːrˈɡænɪk/

inorganic

无机的
Meaning
relating to substances that are not derived from living organisms; lacking organic structure or growth
Example
Inorganic compounds are commonly studied in chemistry labs.
无机化合物是化学的重要部分。
C1 noun ˈwaɪldlaɪf ˈkɔːrɪdɔːrz

wildlife corridors

野生动物走廊
Meaning
Areas of habitat connecting wildlife populations separated by human activities or structures.
Example
Wildlife corridors connect fragmented habitats, enabling species migration.
野生动物走廊连接破碎的栖息地，促进物种迁徙。
C1 noun /bʌm/

bum

臀部
Meaning
informal term for the buttocks; also a homeless or lazy person
Example
He sat on his bum all day doing nothing.
他整天坐在臀部上什么都不做。
C1 noun /ˈsɜːr.vɪ.tuːd/

Servitude

奴役
Meaning
the state of being a slave or completely subject to someone more powerful
Example
Many people fought to escape the servitude imposed by the colonial system.
许多人为了摆脱殖民制度所强加的奴役而斗争。
C1 verb /ˈwaɪtˌwɑːʃ/

whitewash

Meaning
to cover up faults, errors, or unpleasant facts; to paint with white paint or lime
Example
The report was criticized for trying to whitewash the company's failures.
C1 verb /əˈpɔːl/

appall

震惊
Meaning
To shock or horrify someone with something unpleasant or bad.
Example
The cruelty of the crime appalled the entire community.
犯罪的残忍让整个社区震惊。
C1 noun kəˈmjunəl ˈhɑrməni

communal harmony

社区和谐
Meaning
Peaceful coexistence and cooperation among different groups in a community.
Example
Maintaining communal harmony requires mutual respect and understanding.
维护社区和谐需要相互尊重和理解。
C1 noun /ˈbænɪstər/

banister

扶手栏杆
Meaning
a railing supported by posts at the side of a staircase or balcony
Example
She held the banister tightly while going down the stairs.
她在下楼时紧紧抓住扶手栏杆。
C1 adjective kənˈten.ʃəs

contentious

有争议
Meaning
Causing or likely to cause an argument; controversial.
Example
The contentious issue divided global leaders.
有争议的问题分裂了全球领导人。
C1 noun /ˈhiːdəˌnɪzəm/

hedonism

享乐主义
Meaning
The pursuit of pleasure and self-indulgence as the highest goal.
Example
The lifestyle of the rich is often criticized as pure hedonism.
富人的生活方式常被批评为纯粹的享乐主义。
C1 noun /ˌdɪsəˈbiːdiəns/

disobedience

不服从
Meaning
failure or refusal to obey rules, laws, or authority
Example
The child's disobedience worried his parents.
孩子的不服从让父母感到担忧。
C1 verb /ˌoʊvərˈθroʊ/

overthrow

幸福
Meaning
To remove a leader or government from power, often by force.
Example
The rebels planned to overthrow the corrupt regime.
她在收到奖项时无法掩饰她的幸福感。
C1 adjective /ˈtiːmɪŋ/

teeming

充满
Meaning
full of or swarming with things or people
Example
The market was teeming with shoppers.
市场充满了购物者。
C1 verb /ɪnˈfjuːz/

infuse

Meaning
to fill or spread through something; to instill a quality, idea, or feeling
Example
The teacher tried to infuse her students with a love for reading.
C1 adverb /ˈnæroʊli/

Narrowly

勉强地; 刚好
Meaning
by a small margin; barely; in a limited way
Example
She narrowly escaped the accident.
她差点逃脱了事故。
C1 verb /rɪˈkuːpəreɪt/

recuperate

恢复
Meaning
to recover from illness or regain strength
Example
She went to the countryside to recuperate after surgery.
她去乡下恢复健康，手术后。
C1 noun /ˈprɛsɪpɪs/

precipice

悬崖
Meaning
A very steep cliff or a situation of great danger.
Example
The hikers stood at the edge of the precipice, gazing into the valley below.
徒步旅行者站在悬崖边缘，凝视着下面的山谷。
C1 adjective /əˈbaɪdɪŋ/

abiding

持久的
Meaning
lasting for a long time; enduring
Example
She had an abiding love for her hometown.
她对故乡有着持久的爱。
C1 noun /ˈmætɪneɪ/

matinee

下午场
Meaning
A performance, especially a play or movie, that takes place in the afternoon.
Example
We bought tickets for the Sunday afternoon matinee.
我们买了周日下午场的票。
C1 adjective /ˈmɜːki/

murky

浑浊
Meaning
Dark, gloomy, and difficult to see through; obscure.
Example
We avoided swimming in the murky river.
我们避免在浑浊的河水中游泳。
C1 noun /məˈnɒtəni/

monotony

单调
Meaning
Lack of variety and interest; tedious repetition and routine.
Example
Breaking the monotony of everyday life can improve mental health.
打破日常生活的单调可以改善心理健康。
C1 verb, noun /ˈflʌstər/

fluster

使困惑
Meaning
to make someone agitated or confused
Example
The unexpected question flustered him.
这个意外的问题让他感到困惑。