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idiom

back up

支持或备份重要数据
Meaning
to support or to make a copy of important data
Example
Can you **back up** my explanation during the meeting?
你能在会议期间支持我的解释吗？
idiom

believe you’re good enough

接受你是有能力和值得的人
Meaning
to accept that you are capable and worthy
Example
To overcome fear, you must **believe you’re good enough**.
要克服恐惧，你必须相信自己足够好。
idiom

break down

因强烈的情绪而开始哭泣
Meaning
to start crying due to strong emotions
Example
She **broke down** when she heard the sad news.
她听到悲伤的消息时崩溃了。
idiom

build up your confidence

逐渐变得更加自信
Meaning
to gradually become more confident
Example
Public speaking can help you **build up your confidence**.
公众演讲可以帮助你增强信心。
idiom

burning ambition

强烈的实现某事的愿望
Meaning
a very strong desire to achieve something
Example
He had a **burning ambition** to become a successful entrepreneur.
他有一个**强烈的愿望**要成为一名成功的企业家。
idiom

blow out of the water

完全惊讶或击败
Meaning
to surprise or defeat completely
Example
Their performance **blew us out of the water**.
他们的表现**完全让我们吃惊**。
idiom

breeze through

轻松地做某事，几乎不费力气
Meaning
to do something easily and with little effort
Example
She managed to **breeze through** the exam without any problems.
她轻松地通过了考试，没有遇到任何问题。
idiom

burning the midnight oil

熬夜工作
Meaning
working late into the night
Example
She’s been **burning the midnight oil** to finish the report.
她为了完成报告，一直在熬夜工作。
idiom

black and white

明确界定；没有混淆或模糊
Meaning
clearly defined; without confusion or ambiguity
Example
The contract terms are **black and white**.
合同条款非常清晰。
idiom

balance of trade

一个国家的出口和进口之间的差异
Meaning
the difference between a country's exports and imports
Example
A negative **balance of trade** can weaken a nation's currency.
负的贸易平衡可能削弱一个国家的货币
idiom

bring down the house

获得观众的热烈掌声
Meaning
to get an enthusiastic applause from the audience
Example
Her solo performance **brought down the house**.
她的独唱表演**赢得了满堂彩**。
idiom

blue chip

一个历史悠久且财务稳健的公司
Meaning
a well-established and financially sound company
Example
He prefers to invest in **blue chip** stocks for stability.
他更喜欢投资**蓝筹**股票以获得稳定性。
idiom

beta test

在正式发布之前测试产品
Meaning
to test a product before official release
Example
We are going to **beta test** our app next week.
我们将在下周进行我们的应用程序测试。
idiom

break the internet

在网上引起大量关注和讨论
Meaning
to cause an enormous amount of attention and discussion online
Example
The celebrity's new photo **broke the internet**.
这位名人的新照片**打破了互联网**。
idiom

beyond the scope

超出计划或预期的重点范围
Meaning
outside the planned or expected area of focus
Example
The new feature was beyond the scope of the original project but added great value.
新功能超出了原项目的范围，但增加了很大的价值。
idiom

bail someone out

帮助某人摆脱困境
Meaning
to help someone out of a difficult situation
Example
His friend **bailed him out** when he ran out of money.
他的朋友在他没钱时**救了他**。
idiom

break even

收入与支出相等，既无利润也无损失
Meaning
to have equal income and expenses, neither profit nor loss
Example
The company finally **broke even** after three years.
公司终于在三年后**持平**。
idiom

beat down

重复用力打击，例如强烈的阳光或雨水
Meaning
to strike repeatedly with force, such as intense sun or rain
Example
The afternoon sun **beat down** on the field all day.
下午的阳光 **照射** 在田野上整整一天。
idiom

burst with joy

高兴得难以抑制情感
Meaning
to be so happy that it’s hard to contain emotions
Example
The parents **burst with joy** when their child won the prize.
当孩子赢得奖项时，父母**高兴得合不拢嘴**。
idiom

blur the lines

使两者之间的区别变得不那么清晰
Meaning
to make the difference between two things less clear or distinct
Example
AI-generated art often **blurs the lines** between human creativity and machine output.
人工智能生成的艺术常常**模糊了**人类创造力与机器输出之间的界限。
idiom

burst of creativity

一阵突然的创造性想法涌现
Meaning
a sudden outpouring of creative ideas
Example
She had a **burst of creativity** and finished the design in one go.
她有了**创造力的迸发**，并一次性完成了设计。
idiom

beginner’s luck

对新手的成功
Meaning
success for someone inexperienced
Example
He won his first game — must be **beginner’s luck**.
他赢得了第一场比赛——一定是**新手运气**。
idiom

bend the law

以不诚实的方式利用法律来达到目的
Meaning
to use the law in a dishonest way to achieve something
Example
Some lawyers know how to **bend the law** to help their clients.
一些律师知道如何**钻法律的空子**来帮助他们的客户。
idiom

botnet

一组感染了恶意软件的计算机网络，能够被黑客远程控制
Meaning
a network of computers infected with malware that are controlled remotely by a hacker
Example
The hacker used the **botnet** to launch a massive DDoS attack on the server.
黑客利用**僵尸网络**发动了大规模的DDoS攻击。
idiom

black hat

一个具有恶意意图的黑客
Meaning
a hacker with malicious intent
Example
**Black hats** often exploit vulnerabilities for personal gain.
**Black hats** 常常利用漏洞来谋取个人利益。
idiom

Build bridges, not walls

建立联系和友谊，而不是筑起隔阂
Meaning
Make connections and friendships rather than creating barriers
Example
Instead of fighting, let's **build bridges, not walls**.
与其争吵，不如建立桥梁，而不是高墙。
idiom

be above board

以诚实和公开的方式行事
Meaning
to act in an honest and open manner
Example
She is always **above board** in all her dealings.
她在所有的交易中总是**诚实**。
idiom

believe in yourself

相信自己
Meaning
to have confidence in your own abilities
Example
**Believe in yourself** and you can achieve anything.
**相信自己**，你就能实现任何事情。
idiom

boil over

当愤怒变得无法控制时
Meaning
when anger becomes too much to control
Example
The argument finally **boiled over** into a shouting match.
争论最终爆发成了一场大喊大叫的争执。
idiom

bring up

抚养或照顾一个孩子直到成年
Meaning
to raise or care for a child until adulthood
Example
She was **brought up** by her grandparents.
她是由她的祖父母抚养长大的。
idiom

build one's confidence

增加自信或相信自己的能力
Meaning
to increase one's self-assurance or belief in one's abilities
Example
Public speaking classes helped him **build his confidence**.
公共演讲课程帮助他**建立了自信**。
idiom

behind the firewall

受到保护或与外部威胁隔离
Meaning
protected or isolated from external threats
Example
Sensitive company data should always stay **behind the firewall**.
敏感的公司数据应该始终保持在**防火墙后面**。
idiom

balance the books

确保收入和支出相等
Meaning
to make sure income and expenses are equal
Example
The accountant worked late to **balance the books**.
会计加班工作，直到**平衡账本**。
idiom

bottom out

达到最低点然后改善
Meaning
to reach the lowest point before improving
Example
Experts believe the market has **bottomed out**.
专家认为市场已经触底。
idiom

break a leg

祝愿某人在表演中好运
Meaning
to wish someone good luck in a performance
Example
Before the play started, everyone told her to **break a leg**.
在戏剧开始之前，每个人都告诉她要**祝她好运**。
idiom

be all smiles

看起来非常开心和愉快
Meaning
to look very happy and cheerful
Example
She was **all smiles** after hearing the good news.
听到好消息后，她面带笑容。
idiom

bounce back from

在挫折后迅速恢复
Meaning
to recover quickly after a setback
Example
The team needs to **bounce back from** last week's loss.
队伍需要从上周的失利中迅速恢复。
idiom

button up

完成准备工作或安全地关闭某物
Meaning
to finish preparations or close something securely
Example
Let’s **button up** the proposal by Friday.
让我们在周五前**button up**提案。
idiom

break the fourth wall

在戏剧或电影中直接与观众对话
Meaning
to address the audience directly in a play or film
Example
The actor **broke the fourth wall** to make the scene funnier.
演员**打破了第四面墙**，让这场戏更有趣。
idiom

back on your feet

恢复健康了
Meaning
recovered and healthy again
Example
It’s good to see you **back on your feet** after the flu.
很高兴看到你在得流感后恢复健康。
idiom

boot up

启动计算机或系统
Meaning
to start a computer or system
Example
My laptop takes forever to **boot up**.
我的笔记本需要很长时间才能启动。
idiom

Break bread with someone

共享一餐; 通过食物建立联系
Meaning
To share a meal; to bond over food
Example
They decided to **break bread** to celebrate their new partnership.
他们决定一起**分享食物**以庆祝他们的新伙伴关系。
idiom

by trial and error

通过实验和纠正错误来学习
Meaning
learning by experimenting and correcting mistakes
Example
We developed the best method **by trial and error**.
我们通过 **试验和错误** 开发了最好的方法。
idiom

blind experiment

一种不让参与者知道某些信息以避免偏见的测试
Meaning
a test conducted without participants knowing certain information to prevent bias
Example
The scientists conducted a **blind experiment** to ensure accuracy.
科学家们进行了一项**盲实验**以确保准确性。
idiom

bolt from the blue

一个突然和意想不到的事件
Meaning
a sudden and unexpected event
Example
The project cancellation came as a **bolt from the blue**.
项目的取消就像晴天霹雳一样。
idiom

be sure of yourself

对你的能力或意见有信心
Meaning
to have confidence in your abilities or opinions
Example
To be a leader, you must **be sure of yourself**.
成为一名领导者，你必须对自己有信心。
idiom

blank mind

无法清晰思考或记起某事
Meaning
unable to think clearly or remember something
Example
During the exam, my **mind went blank**.
考试时，我的**脑子一片空白**。
idiom

breakthrough

一个重大的或突如其来的发展或发现；一个重要的成就
Meaning
a significant or sudden development or discovery; an important achievement
Example
The scientist made a major **breakthrough** in his research on cancer treatment.
科学家在癌症治疗研究中取得了一个重大的**bùruì kè sū**。
idiom

beat the rap

逃避惩罚或避免被定罪
Meaning
to escape punishment or avoid being convicted
Example
He managed to **beat the rap** thanks to a clever lawyer.
他凭借一个聪明的律师成功逃避了惩罚。
idiom

burned out

因过度工作而完全疲惫
Meaning
completely exhausted or tired due to overwork
Example
After months of overtime, she felt **burned out**.
经过几个月的加班后，她感到筋疲力尽。
idiom

break into

成功进入一个新领域或职业
Meaning
to enter a new field or profession successfully
Example
She managed to **break into** the film industry last year.
她去年成功进入了电影行业。
idiom

beyond words

无法用言语描述的极大或极端
Meaning
too great or extreme to be described in words
Example
Her kindness was **beyond words**.
她的善良是**无法用言语描述的**。
idiom

Be as good as your word

Zuò nǐ suǒ chéngnuò de shì.
Meaning
To do what you promised to do.
Example
He said he’d help and he’s **as good as his word**.
Tā shuō tā huì bāngzhù, ér tā **rú tā de huà yīyàng hǎo**.
idiom

burst of inspiration

突如其来的创造力或动力的感觉
Meaning
a sudden feeling of creativity or motivation
Example
He wrote the poem in a **burst of inspiration**.
他在一阵**灵感的冲动**中写了这首诗。
idiom

be responsible for

对某事负责
Meaning
to be in charge of or accountable for something
Example
She is **responsible for** managing the entire department.
她**负责**管理整个部门。
idiom

brainchild of

由某人创造的想法或发明
Meaning
an idea or invention created by someone
Example
ChatGPT is the **brainchild of** OpenAI researchers.
ChatGPT 是 **brainchild of** OpenAI 研究人员的创意。
idiom

by leaps and bounds

快速进展或改善
Meaning
to progress or improve very quickly
Example
Her English has improved **by leaps and bounds**.
她的英语进步**非常快**。
idiom

Balance the scales

确保一切公平或相等
Meaning
to make sure everything is fair or equal
Example
We need to **balance the scales** before making a final decision.
我们需要在做出最终决定之前**平衡天平**。
idiom

bring up a family

抚养和照顾孩子
Meaning
to raise and take care of children
Example
They worked hard to **bring up a family**.
他们努力工作以抚养一个家庭。
idiom

burst with ideas

一下子有许多创意的想法
Meaning
to have many creative ideas at once
Example
After watching the film, he was **bursting with ideas** for his next project.
看完电影后，他为下一个项目有了许多创意的想法。
idiom

bring forward

将某物移至较早的时间
Meaning
to move something to an earlier time
Example
We had to **bring forward** the meeting due to travel.
由于旅行，我们不得不提前会议。
idiom

break down the problem

逐步分析一个问题
Meaning
to analyze a problem step by step
Example
Let’s **break down the problem** to understand it better.
让我们逐步分析这个问题，以便更好地理解它。
idiom

bend someone’s ear

与某人长时间交谈，通常是为了抱怨
Meaning
to talk to someone for a long time, usually to complain
Example
He **bent my ear** about his terrible day at work.
他**在我耳边抱怨**他工作中的糟糕一天。
idiom

brush off

将某事或某人视为不重要而置之不理
Meaning
to dismiss something or someone as unimportant
Example
He tried to **brush off** the criticism during the meeting.
他试图在会议中**brush off**批评。
idiom

butterflies in your stomach

感到紧张或心理不安
Meaning
feeling nervous or anxious
Example
I always get **butterflies in my stomach** before a big presentation.
我在大场合前总是感到紧张。
idiom

brave the storm

勇敢地面对巨大的困难
Meaning
to face great difficulties with courage
Example
They **braved the storm** to rescue the stranded people.
他们**勇敢地面对风暴**去营救被困的人。
idiom

bubbling with joy

非常开心和兴奋
Meaning
very happy and excited
Example
The children were **bubbling with joy** after receiving their gifts.
孩子们在收到礼物后非常开心和兴奋。
idiom

bite the dust

失败或被打败
Meaning
to fail or be defeated
Example
Several small startups **bit the dust** last year.
去年有几家小型初创公司**失败了**。
idiom

bad blood

家庭成员之间的愤怒或怨恨
Meaning
anger or resentment between family members
Example
There’s still **bad blood** between the cousins after the inheritance issue.
继承问题后，堂兄弟姐妹之间仍然有愤怒。
idiom

blood, sweat, and tears

巨大的努力和辛勤的工作
Meaning
great effort and hard work
Example
Building this company took a lot of **blood, sweat, and tears**.
建立这家公司花费了很多努力和辛勤的工作。
idiom

bent over backwards

非常努力地帮助或取悦某人
Meaning
to try very hard to help or please someone
Example
She **bent over backwards** to make sure everyone was happy.
她**弯腰后仰**确保每个人都很高兴。
idiom

bookend something

标志某事的开始和结束
Meaning
to mark the beginning and end of something
Example
Her career was **bookended** by two great performances.
她的职业生涯以两场精彩的表演为开端和结束。
idiom

black box thinking

黑箱思维：通过研究输入和输出分析未知的过程
Meaning
analyzing unknown processes by studying their inputs and outputs
Example
In AI research, **black box thinking** helps improve transparency.
在AI研究中，**黑箱思维**有助于提高透明度。
idiom

be there for someone

在需要时支持或帮助某人
Meaning
to support or help someone when they need it
Example
True friends **are there for you** when you need them.
真正的朋友会在你需要时为你提供帮助
idiom

break the chains

摆脱限制或约束
Meaning
to free oneself from restrictions or limitations
Example
She wanted to **break the chains** of social expectations.
她想**打破社会期望的束缚**。
idiom

be at the helm

负责或控制某事
Meaning
to be in charge of or control something
Example
He was **at the helm** of the company when it became successful.
他在公司成功时**掌舵**。
idiom

black and blue

淤伤; 有伤口的痕迹
Meaning
bruised; having marks from injury
Example
He was **black and blue** after falling off his bike.
他摔下自行车后淤伤了。
idiom

Bury yourself in books

把所有时间都花在学习上
Meaning
To spend all your time studying
Example
He **buried himself in books** before the finals.
他在期末考试前埋头于书本中。
idiom

bootstrap a startup

在没有外部资金的情况下利用有限资源建立业务
Meaning
to build a business using limited resources without external funding
Example
Many successful founders **bootstrapped their startups** in the early days.
许多成功的创始人在早期就**自筹资金启动了他们的初创公司**。
idiom

burn one’s fingers

因为自己的错误而受苦
Meaning
to suffer because of one’s own mistake
Example
He **burned his fingers** by investing in a risky business.
他因为投资于一个冒险的生意而受到了损失。
idiom

backdoor

一种未记录的访问系统或软件的方式，通常由黑客用来绕过安全防护。
Meaning
An undocumented way of accessing a system or software, usually used by hackers to bypass security.
Example
The attacker installed a **backdoor** to access the system at any time without being detected.
攻击者安装了一个**后门**，以便在任何时候都能访问系统，而不被发现。
idiom

bounce rate

在只查看一个页面后离开网站的访客百分比
Meaning
the percentage of visitors who leave a website after viewing only one page
Example
We need to lower our **bounce rate** to keep visitors engaged.
我们需要降低我们的 **跳出率** 以保持访客的参与。
idiom

break the clutter

在拥挤或竞争激烈的市场中脱颖而出
Meaning
to stand out in a crowded or competitive market
Example
A good tagline can help a brand **break the clutter**.
一个好的标语可以帮助品牌在混乱中脱颖而出。
idiom

battle-tested

通过经验或困难证明有效
Meaning
proven effective through experience or hardship
Example
She’s a **battle-tested** leader who knows how to stay calm under pressure.
她是一位有经验的领导者，知道如何在压力下保持冷静。
idiom

build a better mousetrap

改进现有的产品或想法
Meaning
to improve an existing product or idea
Example
Every tech company tries to **build a better mousetrap** in its field.
每个科技公司都在其领域尝试**创造更好的捕鼠器**。
idiom

birds of a feather

有相似兴趣或特征的人
Meaning
people with similar interests or characteristics
Example
Tom and Jerry are always together—**birds of a feather**.
汤姆和杰瑞总是在一起——他们是志同道合的朋友。
idiom

boil down to

归结为某个主要原因或要点
Meaning
to have something as the main point or reason
Example
The argument **boiled down to** a simple misunderstanding.
争论**归结为**一个简单的误会。
idiom

be a good sport

在困难的情况下保持公平和积极
Meaning
to be fair and positive in difficult situations
Example
Even when she lost the game, she was **a good sport** and congratulated the winner.
即使她输了比赛，她还是一个好运动员，祝贺了获胜者。
idiom

breach of trust

未能保持信息或承诺的安全
Meaning
a failure to keep information or promises secure
Example
Leaking user data is a major **breach of trust**.
泄露用户数据是一个严重的**信任破裂**。
idiom

build trust

在关系中建立或发展信任
Meaning
to create or develop trust in a relationship
Example
It takes time to **build trust** with new people.
与新的人建立信任需要时间。
idiom

brand ambassador

通过个人影响力推广品牌的人
Meaning
a person who promotes a brand through personal influence
Example
They hired a celebrity as their **brand ambassador**.
他们聘请了一位名人作为他们的**品牌大使**。
idiom

buckle under pressure

因过度压力或压力而屈服或失败。
Meaning
to give in or fail due to too much stress or pressure
Example
Some employees **buckle under pressure**, while others thrive.
一些员工在压力下屈服，而其他员工则茁壮成长。
idiom

beyond reasonable doubt

没有任何逻辑上的不确定性
Meaning
without any logical uncertainty
Example
The jury found him guilty **beyond reasonable doubt**.
陪审团认定他毫无合理怀疑地有罪。
idiom

Building castles in the air

有不切实际或不实际的计划或梦想。
Meaning
To have unrealistic or impractical plans or dreams.
Example
She’s always **building castles in the air**, dreaming of a perfect world.
她总是在**空中建造城堡**，梦想着一个完美的世界。
idiom

blow off steam

表达愤怒或沮丧以使自己感觉更好
Meaning
to express anger or frustration so that you feel better
Example
He went for a run to **blow off steam** after the argument.
他在争论后去跑步以发泄情绪。
idiom

break the problem down

将复杂的问题分解成较小、更易管理的部分
Meaning
to divide a complex problem into smaller, more manageable parts
Example
Let's **break the problem down** into smaller steps.
让我们把问题分解成较小的步骤
idiom

burn your fingers

因不好的决定或错误而遭受痛苦
Meaning
to suffer because of a bad decision or mistake
Example
He **burned his fingers** by trusting the wrong person.
他因为信错了人，**烧了自己的手指**。
idiom

by the way

用于引入新话题或添加额外信息
Meaning
used to introduce a new topic or add extra information
Example
**By the way**, did you finish your project?
**顺便说一句**, 你完成你的项目了吗？
idiom

blow hot and cold

不断改变你的态度或情绪
Meaning
to keep changing your attitude or mood
Example
He’s **blowing hot and cold** about the new project.
他对这个新项目态度不断变化。
idiom

burning the candle at both ends

没有足够的休息，拼命工作
Meaning
working very hard without enough rest
Example
He is **burning the candle at both ends** with two jobs.
他正在做两个工作，拼命工作。
idiom

be in the driver’s seat

控制局势
Meaning
to be in control of a situation
Example
After the merger, our company is **in the driver’s seat**.
合并后，我们公司处于**驾驶员座位**。
idiom

bookworm

一个喜欢阅读的人
Meaning
a person who loves reading
Example
He’s such a **bookworm**; he spends all his free time in the library.
他真是一个书虫；他把所有的空闲时间都花在图书馆里。
idiom

big thanks

一种非正式的说谢谢的方式
Meaning
an informal way to say thank you very much
Example
**Big thanks** to everyone who supported the project.
非常感谢所有支持该项目的人。
idiom

burn out

由于过度工作而变得非常疲劳并失去动力
Meaning
to become very tired and lose motivation due to overwork
Example
If you don’t rest, you’ll **burn out** soon.
如果你不休息，你很快就会**精疲力尽**。
idiom

branch out

扩展到新的活动或领域
Meaning
to expand into new activities or areas
Example
The bakery plans to **branch out** into catering services next year.
面包店计划明年扩展到餐饮服务。
idiom

beat someone to the punch

在别人之前做某事
Meaning
to do something before someone else does
Example
He **beat me to the punch** by applying for the job first.
他通过首先申请这份工作**抢先一步**。
idiom

burning with envy

感到强烈的嫉妒
Meaning
feeling intense jealousy
Example
She was **burning with envy** when she heard about his promotion.
当她听说他的晋升时，她感到非常嫉妒。
idiom

bad luck

不幸或运气差的情况
Meaning
unfortunate or unlucky situation
Example
It’s just **bad luck** that it rained on our picnic day.
只是**运气不好**，在我们的野餐日下雨了。
idiom

beat oneself up

对某事过分自责
Meaning
to blame yourself too much for something
Example
Don’t **beat yourself up** over one mistake.
不要因为一个错误而**过分责备自己**。
idiom

Born and bred

在特定地方度过一生并受其文化影响
Meaning
Having lived all one’s life in a particular place and influenced by its culture
Example
She’s a Dhaka **born and bred** woman.
她是一个在达卡出生并长大的女人。
idiom

bide your time

耐心等待合适的时机
Meaning
to wait patiently for the right moment
Example
She decided to **bide her time** before making a move.
她决定在行动之前**耐心等待合适的时机**。
idiom

butterflies in the stomach

感到紧张或兴奋
Meaning
feeling nervous or excited
Example
I always get **butterflies in my stomach** before a date.
约会前我总是感到紧张。
idiom

blow your top

非常生气
Meaning
to become very angry
Example
He **blew his top** when he found out about the mistake.
他在得知错误后**火冒三丈**。
idiom

be in high spirits

感到非常开心和积极
Meaning
to feel very happy and positive
Example
Everyone was **in high spirits** after the successful event.
每个人在成功的活动后都非常开心。
idiom

Breaking new ground

做出重要的新发现或创新；做一些前所未做过的事情。
Meaning
To make an important new discovery or innovation; to do something that has never been done before.
Example
The new trade agreement is **breaking new ground** in international relations.
新的贸易协议在国际关系中**开创了新局面**。
idiom

Born in the barn

有坏习惯或缺乏社交礼仪。
Meaning
To have bad manners or lack social etiquette.
Example
Close the door! Were you **born in the barn**?
关上门！你是在谷仓里出生的吗？
idiom

bring the curtain down

结束某事；完成一场表演或活动
Meaning
to end something; to finish a performance or event
Example
The concert **brought the curtain down** on the music festival.
音乐会**为音乐节画上了句号**。
idiom

break your back

为了实现某事而非常努力地工作
Meaning
to work very hard to achieve something
Example
He’s been **breaking his back** to support his family.
他一直在**拼命工作**来养家。
idiom

brick by brick

逐步而稳定地实现某事
Meaning
to achieve something gradually and steadily
Example
He built his business **brick by brick**.
他一点一点地建立了自己的事业。
idiom

behind the times

过时或未跟上现代思想
Meaning
old-fashioned or not keeping up with modern ideas
Example
My uncle still uses a typewriter—he’s **behind the times**.
我的叔叔仍然使用打字机——他 **跟不上时代**。
idiom

black box problem

一种情况，其中人工智能系统的内部工作不透明或无法理解
Meaning
a situation where the internal workings of an AI system are not transparent or understood
Example
The biggest challenge in deep learning is the **black box problem**.
深度学习中最大的挑战是**黑盒问题**。