Vocabularies

English Vocabulary Dictionary | Word Meanings, Definitions & Examples

noun C1
/kəˈres/
愛撫 (aibu)

a gentle or loving touch

"The mother's gentle caress calmed the crying baby."

"母親の優しい愛撫が泣いている赤ちゃんを落ち着かせた。" (Hahaoya no yasashī aibu ga naiteiru akachan o ochitsukase ta.)
caricature definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˈkærɪkətjʊə/
風刺画 (fushiga)

A picture or description that exaggerates certain features for comic or satirical effect.

"The magazine published a caricature of the politician."

"雑誌は政治家の風刺画を発表しました。" (Zasshi wa seijika no fushiga o happyou shimashita.)
Carnage definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˈkɑːrnɪdʒ/

The killing of a large number of people; great destruction and bloodshed.

"The battlefield was a scene of unimaginable carnage."

Carnivorous definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
/kɑːrˈnɪvərəs/
肉食性の (nikushokusei no)

Feeding on the flesh of other animals; meat-eating.

"Lions are carnivorous animals that hunt in groups."

"ライオンは群れで狩りをする肉食性の動物です。" (Raion wa mure de kari wo suru nikushokusei no doubutsu desu.)
carp definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb C1
/kɑːrp/
不平を言う (fuhē wo iu)

to complain or find fault continually, often about trivial matters

"She tends to carp about the smallest inconveniences."

"彼女は最小の不便さについても不平を言う傾向がある。" (Kanojo wa saishō no fubensa ni tsuite mo fuhei wo iu keikō ga aru.)
cartilage definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˈkɑːrtɪlɪdʒ/
軟骨 (nankotsu)

A firm, flexible connective tissue found in various parts of the body such as joints, ear, and nose.

"The doctor explained that the injury damaged the cartilage in his knee."

"医者はその怪我が彼の膝の軟骨にダメージを与えたと説明しました。" (Isha wa sono kega ga kare no hiza no nankotsu ni damēji o ataeta to setsumei shimashita.)
cartographer definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/kɑːrˈtɒɡrəfər/
地図製作者 (chizu seisakusha)

A person who makes maps.

"The cartographer carefully drew the map of the new territory."

"カートグラファーは新しい地域の地図を慎重に描きました。" (Kātogurafā wa atarashī chiiki no chizu o shinchō ni kakimashita.)
cartography definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/kɑːrˈtɒɡrəfi/
地図学 (chizugaku)

The science or practice of drawing maps.

"She studied cartography at university to learn how to design maps."

"彼女は大学で地図学を学び、地図のデザインを学びました。" (Kanojo wa daigaku de chizugaku o manabi, chizu no dezain o manabimashita.)
cartridge definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˈkɑːrtrɪdʒ/
カートリッジ (kaatorijji)

A container holding a substance or device, such as ink for printers or bullets for firearms.

"The printer stopped working because the ink cartridge was empty."

"プリンターはインクカートリッジが空になったため、動作を停止しました。" (Purintaa wa inku kaatorijji ga kara ni natta tame, dōsa o teishi shimashita.)
Cascade definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun/verb C1
/kæˈskeɪd/
滝, 流れ (taki, nagare)

A small waterfall or a process that occurs in stages, one after another.

"Water cascaded down the rocky slope."

"水は岩だらけの坂を滝のように流れ落ちました。" (Mizu wa iwadarake no saka o taki no yō ni nagare ochimashita.)
Casing definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˈkeɪ.sɪŋ/
カバー; 外殻 (kaba, tokaru)

a cover or shell that protects or encloses something

"The mechanic removed the engine casing to examine the internal parts."

"整備士はエンジンの外殻を取り外して内部の部品を調べました。" (Seibishi wa enjin no tokaru o torihazushite naibu no buhin o shirabemashita.)
Caste definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
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Caste (カースト)

noun C1
/kæst/
カースト (kāsuto)

A social class system often based on hereditary or occupation.

"The caste system influenced many aspects of traditional society."

"カースト制度は伝統的な社会の多くの側面に影響を与えました。" (Kāsuto seido wa dentō-teki na shakai no ōku no sokumen ni eikyō o ataemashita.)
cataclysmic definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
/ˌkætəˈklɪzmɪk/
壊滅的 (kaimetsuteki)

Relating to or denoting a violent natural event or upheaval.

"The war had cataclysmic effects on the nation's economy."

"戦争は国の経済に壊滅的な影響を与えた。" (Sensō wa kuni no keizai ni kaimetsuteki na eikyō o ataeta.)
catalyst definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˈkætəlɪst/
触媒 (shokubai)

Something that speeds up or causes an event or change without being changed itself.

"The speech was the catalyst for widespread protests."

"そのスピーチは広範な抗議活動の触媒となった。" (Sono supīchi wa kōhan na kōgi katsudō no shokubai to natta.)
catalyze definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb C1
/ˈkætəˌlaɪz/
触発する (shokuhatsu suru)

To cause or accelerate a reaction or change.

"The new law catalyzed reforms across the sector."

"新しい法律は業界全体で改革を促進した。" (Atarashii houritsu wa gyoukai zentai de kaikaku wo sokushin shita.)
catapult definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun/verb C1
/ˈkætəpʌlt/
カタパルト (kataparuṭo)

A device for launching objects at high speed; to hurl or launch something suddenly.

"The invention catapulted him to international fame."

"その発明は彼を国際的な名声へとカタパルトした。" (Sono hatsumei wa kare o kokusaiteki na meisei e to kataparuto shita.)
cataract definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˈkætərækt/
白内障 / 滝 (hakunaishō / taki)

A medical condition causing clouding of the eye's lens; also a large waterfall.

"The old man suffered from cataracts in both eyes."

"その高齢の男性は両目に白内障を患っていました。" (Sono kōrei no dansei wa ryōme ni hakunaishō o wazuratte imashita.)
categorical definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
/ˌkætəˈɡɒrɪkəl/
カテゴリー的 (kategorī-teki)

Absolute and without exception; expressed clearly and directly.

"She gave a categorical denial of the allegations."

"彼女はその告発に対してカテゴリー的な否定をした。" (Kanojo wa sono kokuhatsu ni taishite kategorī-teki na hitei o shita.)
categorically refuted definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
phrase C1
ˌkæt.əˈɡɒr.ɪ.kəl.i rɪˈfjuː.tɪd
完全に否定された (kanzen ni hitei sareta)

Completely and absolutely denied or disproved.

"The claims were categorically refuted by officials."

"その主張は公式に完全に否定されました。" (Sono shuchou wa kouhoushiki ni kanzen ni hitei saremashita.)
catharsis definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/kəˈθɑːrsɪs/
カタルシス (katarushisu)

The process of releasing strong emotions, providing relief.

"Writing in her diary was a form of catharsis for her."

"彼女の日記に書くことは、彼女にとって一種のカタルシスでした。" (Kanojo no nikki ni kaku koto wa, kanojo ni totte isshu no katarushisu deshita.)
cathartic definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
/kəˈθɑːrtɪk/
カタルシスの (katarushisu no)

Providing psychological relief through open expression of emotions; also refers to a medicine that causes cleansing of the bowels.

"Crying can be a cathartic experience."

"泣くことはカタルシスの経験になることがあります。" (Naku koto wa katarushisu no keiken ni naru koto ga arimasu.)
caucus definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˈkɔːkəs/
政治的集会 (seijiteki shūkai)

A meeting of members of a political party to select candidates or decide policy.

"The party held a caucus to nominate their candidate for president."

"党は大統領候補者を指名するために集会を開いた。" (Tō wa daitōryō kōho-sha o shimei suru tame ni shūkai o hiraita.)
Cauldron definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˈkɔːldrən/
大鍋 (ōkama)

A large metal pot used for cooking over an open fire; also a situation of intense activity or strong emotions.

"The witch stirred the cauldron filled with strange ingredients."

"魔女は奇妙な材料で満たされた大鍋をかき混ぜました。" (Majo wa kimyōna zairyō de mitasareta ōkama o kakimashimashita.)
causal definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
/ˈkɔː.zəl/
因果的 (ingateki)

relating to or acting as a cause

"There is a causal link between smoking and cancer."

"喫煙と癌との間には因果関係があります。" (Kitsuen to gan to no aida ni wa inga kankei ga arimasu.)
caustic definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
/ˈkɔː.stɪk/
腐食性の、鋭い皮肉な (kōsutikkusu, surudoi hiniku na)

able to burn or corrode by chemical action; severely sarcastic

"Her caustic remarks hurt his feelings."

"彼女の鋭い皮肉な発言は彼の感情を傷つけた。" (Kanojo no surudoi hiniku na hatsugen wa kare no kanjō o kizutsuketa.)
cautionary definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
/ˈkɔːʃənˌɛri/
警告的な (keikokuteki na)

serving as a warning; intended to prevent problems or mistakes by giving advice or examples

"The report offers a cautionary message about unchecked spending."

"その報告書は無計画な支出について警告的なメッセージを示している。" (Sono hokokusho wa mukeikakuna shishutsu ni tsuite keikokuteki na messeji o shimeshite iru)
cavalier definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
/ˌkævəˈlɪər/
無頓着 (mutonchaku)

showing a lack of proper concern; dismissive or offhand

"He had a cavalier attitude toward safety regulations."

"彼は安全規制に対して無頓着な態度を持っていた。" (Kare wa anzen kisei ni taishite mutonchaku na taido o motte ita.)
Cavalry definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˈkæv.əl.ri/
騎兵 (kibing)

soldiers who fight on horseback; the part of an army formerly composed of troops on horseback

"The cavalry charged across the field with great speed."

"騎兵は速さでフィールドを横断しました。" (Kibing wa hayasa de fiirudo o oudanshimashita.)
caveat definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˈkæviˌæt/
警告 (keikoku)

a warning or condition to be considered before taking action

"The proposal was accepted with one caveat."

"提案は警告付きで受け入れられました。" (Teian wa keikoku tsuki de ukeiraremashita.)
cavern definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˈkævərn/
洞窟 (doukutsu)

a large cave or chamber in a cave

"The explorers entered a dark cavern beneath the mountain."

"探検家たちは山の下にある暗い洞窟に入った。" (Tankenka-tachi wa yama no shita ni aru kurai doukutsu ni haitta.)
Ceaseless definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
/ˈsiːs.ləs/
途切れのない; 終わりのない (shisuresu)

continuing without pause or interruption; endless

"The ceaseless rain lasted for three days."

"途切れのない雨は三日間続いた。" (Togire no nai ame wa mikka kan tsuzuita.)
cede definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb C1
/siːd/
譲渡する (jōtosuru)

to give up power, territory, or rights to another

"The country ceded territory after losing the war."

"その国は戦争に負けた後、領土を譲渡した。" (Sono kuni wa sensō ni maketa ato, ryōdo o jōtoshita.)
celestial definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
/səˈlɛstiəl/
天体の (tentai no)

relating to the sky, stars, or heavens

"The telescope revealed many celestial bodies in the night sky."

"望遠鏡は夜空に多くの天体を明らかにしました。" (Bōenkyō wa yozora ni ōku no tentai o akiraka ni shimashita.)
celibate definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective, noun C1
/ˈsɛlɪbət/

abstaining from marriage and sexual relations; a person who does so

"He chose to remain celibate for religious reasons."

cemented grave definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
sɪˈmɛntɪd ɡreɪv
セメントで作られた墓 (semento de tsukurareta haka)

A grave that is constructed with cement for permanence.

"The cemented grave of the martyrs was seen near the river."

"殉教者のセメントで作られた墓が川の近くで見られました。" (Junkyousha no semento de tsukurareta haka ga kawa no chikaku de mirarimashita.)
censure definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb/noun C1
/ˈsɛnʃər/
非難 (hinan)

to express severe disapproval, often formally; strong criticism or disapproval

"The senator was censured for his unethical behavior."

"その上院議員は不道徳な行動で非難されました。" (Sono jōin giin wa fudōtoku na kōdō de hinansaremashita.)
centenary definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun, adjective C1
/ˈsɛntənəri/ or /sɛnˈtɛnəri/
百年記念 (hyakunen kinen)

The hundredth anniversary of a significant event; relating to a period of 100 years.

"The school celebrated its centenary with a grand event."

"学校は百年記念を盛大なイベントで祝いました。" (Gakkō wa hyakunen kinen o seidaina ibento de iwai mashita.)
centiliter definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˈsɛntɪˌliːtər/

A metric unit of capacity equal to one hundredth of a liter.

"The recipe calls for 20 centiliters of milk."

centralization definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
ˌsɛn.trə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən
中央集権化 (chuuou shuukenka)

The concentration of control and decision-making power in a central authority.

"Excessive centralization can slow down decision-making."

"過度の中央集権化は意思決定の速度を遅くすることがあります。" (Kado no chuuou shuukenka wa ishi kettei no sokudo wo osoku suru koto ga arimasu.)
centrifuge definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˈsɛntrɪˌfjuːdʒ/
遠心分離機 (enshinbunriki)

A machine that spins substances at high speed to separate different components.

"The lab technician used a centrifuge to separate the blood cells from the plasma."

"実験室の技術者は、血液細胞を血漿から分離するために遠心分離機を使用しました。" (Jikken shitsu no gijutsusha wa, ketsueki saibo o kesshō kara bunri suru tame ni enshinbunrikī o shiyō shimashita.)
cerebral definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
/səˈriː.brəl/
脳に関する (nō ni kansuru)

relating to the brain or intellect; intellectual rather than emotional

"He is known for his cerebral approach to problem-solving."

"彼は問題解決における脳に関するアプローチで知られています。" (Kare wa mondai kaiketsu ni okeru nō ni kansuru apurōchi de shirareteimasu.)
Ceremonial definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
/ˌser.ɪˈməʊ.ni.əl/
儀式的な (gishikiteki na)

relating to or used in a ceremony or formal occasion

"The president wore a ceremonial robe during the inauguration."

"大統領は就任式で儀式的なローブを着ていた。" (Daitōryō wa shūninshiki de gishikiteki na rōbu o kite ita.)
cessation definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/sɛˈseɪʃən/
停止 (teishi)

The fact or process of ending or being brought to an end.

"There was a temporary cessation of hostilities."

"敵対行為は一時的に停止しました。" (Tekitai kōi wa ichijiteki ni teishi shimashita.)
cetera definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˈsɛtərə/
等々 (tōtō)

Latin for 'the rest' or 'others'; commonly used in the phrase 'et cetera' meaning 'and so on'.

"We need to buy pens, paper, notebooks, et cetera."

"ペン、紙、ノートなどを買わなければなりません。" (Pen, kami, nōto nado o kawanakereba narimasen.)
champ definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/tʃæmp/
チャンピオン / 勝者 (chanpion / shousha)

an informal word for champion or winner.

"He is the new champ of the boxing tournament."

"彼はボクシングトーナメントの新しいチャンピオンです。" (Kare wa bokushingu tōnamento no atarashī chanpion desu.)
chancellor definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˈtʃænsələr/
学長 / 大臣 (gakuchou / daijin)

A senior state or legal official, or the head of a university.

"The chancellor delivered an inspiring speech at the graduation ceremony."

"学長は卒業式で感動的なスピーチを行いました。" (Gakuchou wa sotsugyoushiki de kandouteki na supīchi o okonaimashita.)
chaperon definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
🧑‍🤝‍🧑

chaperon (シャペロン)

noun C1
/ˈʃæpəroʊn/
付き添い人 (tsukisoinin)

An older person who accompanies and supervises young people in social situations.

"The teacher acted as a chaperon during the school dance."

"先生は学校のダンスで付き添い人として行動しました。" (Sensei wa gakkō no dansu de tsukisoinin toshite kōdō shimashita.)
chaplain definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˈtʃæplɪn/
チャプレン (chapuren)

A member of the clergy attached to a private chapel, institution, hospital, or military unit.

"The army chaplain offered prayers before the battle."

"軍のチャプレンは戦闘前に祈りを捧げました。" (Gun no chapuren wa sentou mae ni inori wo sasagemashita.)
char definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb C1
/tʃɑːr/
焦げる (kogeru)

To burn or scorch something so that it becomes blackened.

"The cook accidentally charred the steak."

"シェフはステーキを焼きすぎてしまった。" (Shefu wa suteeki o yakisugite shimatta.)
charade definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ʃəˈreɪd/
シャレード、ジェスチャーゲーム (sha-reedo, jesuchaa geemu)

an absurd pretense or act intended to deceive; also a word-guessing game

"The trial was nothing more than a political charade."

"その裁判は単なる政治的なシャレードに過ぎなかった。" (sono saiban wa tan'aru seijiteki na shareedo ni suginakatta.)