B2 noun /ˈwaɪld.laɪf ˌkɒnsərˈveɪʃən/

wildlife conservation

Meaning

The practice of protecting wild animal species and their habitats in order to maintain healthy wildlife species or populations and to restore, protect or enhance natural ecosystems.

Example

Wildlife conservation aims to protect endangered species.

B2 noun /ˈset.əl.mənt/

Settlement

Meaning

a place where people establish a community; an agreement that ends a dispute

Example

The early settlement was built near the river for easy access to water.

B2 noun /ˈkʌmbæk/

comeback

Meaning

A return to a former status or success after a period of decline.

Example

The singer made a remarkable comeback after years of silence.

B2 adjective /ˈrɑː.ki/

Rocky

Meaning

full of rocks; unsteady; difficult

Example

The rocky path made hiking difficult for the tourists.

B2 adjective /ˈfoʊni/

phony

Meaning

not genuine; fraudulent or insincere

Example

He gave a phony smile to hide his true feelings.

B2 noun ˈlæbrətɔːriz

laboratories

Meaning

A room or building equipped for scientific experiments, research, or teaching, or for the manufacture of drugs or chemicals.

Example

Advanced laboratories enabled groundbreaking discoveries.

B2 verb /ˈɛskɔrt/

escort

Meaning

to accompany someone; to guide or protect while going somewhere

Example

The guard escorted the visitor to the office.

B2 noun /dʒɑːr/

Jar

Meaning

a wide-mouthed container made of glass or pottery; to have a harsh or unpleasant effect

Example

She stored homemade cookies in a large glass jar on the kitchen counter.

B2 adjective /prɪˈventɪv/

Preventive

Meaning

designed to prevent something from happening; protective against disease

Example

Regular exercise is a preventive measure against heart disease.

B2 noun əˈsʌmp.ʃənz

assumptions

Meaning

Things that are accepted as true or certain to happen, without proof.

Example

His assumptions about the project were completely wrong.

B2 adjective /ˈsɪnɪstər/

sinister

Meaning

Giving the impression that something harmful or evil is happening or will happen.

Example

The abandoned house had a sinister atmosphere.

B2 verb /ˈkɒnvɪkt/

convict

Meaning

to find someone guilty of a crime in a court of law

Example

The court convicted him of theft.

B2 noun ˈɪndɪkeɪtə

indicator

Meaning

A thing that indicates the state or level of something.

Example

The unemployment rate is a key indicator of economic health.

B2 adjective /plʌmp/

plump

Meaning

having a full, rounded shape; pleasantly fat

Example

The cat was plump and well-fed.

B2 noun (plural) /skræps/

scraps

Meaning

Small pieces left over from something; also small fights or quarrels.

Example

The dog ate the scraps from the table.

B2 noun /ˈaɪ.dəl/

Idol

Meaning

an image or representation of a god used as an object of worship; a person who is greatly admired

Example

The singer became a teenage idol after her hit song topped the charts worldwide.

B2 noun /kɔːrd/

chord

Meaning

A group of musical notes played or sung together; also a straight line segment joining two points on a curve.

Example

She strummed a simple chord on the guitar.

B2 noun /ˈkɑːmpaʊnd/

compound

Meaning

a thing that is composed of two or more separate elements; an enclosed area with buildings

Example

The scientist studied the chemical compound in the lab.

B2 noun /ˈnuː.tri.ənt/

nutrient

Meaning

A substance that provides nourishment essential for growth and health of plants or animals.

Example

Plants absorb nutrients from the soil for growth.

B2 verb /ɪˈveɪd/

evade

Meaning

To escape or avoid something, especially by cleverness or trickery.

Example

He tried to evade the question by changing the subject.

B2 noun /ˈpen neɪm/

Pen-name

Meaning

a fictitious name used by an author instead of their real name; a pseudonym

Example

Mark Twain was the pen-name of Samuel Clemens.

B2 adverb /rɪˈlʌk.tənt.li/

Reluctantly

Meaning

in an unwilling manner; with hesitation or resistance

Example

She reluctantly agreed to help with the project.

B2 adjective /ˈfɪr.fəl/

fearful

Meaning

feeling afraid or showing fear

Example

She was fearful of walking alone at night.

B2 noun /kəˈrɪz.mə/

charisma

Meaning

Compelling attractiveness or charm that can inspire devotion in others.

Example

His charisma helped him become a great leader.

B2 verb /ˈskætər/

scatter

Meaning

to spread or throw around in different directions

Example

The wind scattered the leaves across the yard.

B2 noun /ˈdɛltə/

delta

Meaning

A landform at the mouth of a river where it splits into several outlets.

Example

The Nile Delta is one of the most fertile regions in Egypt.

B2 noun /ˈpɔːrɪdʒ/

porridge

Meaning

A soft food made by boiling oats or other grains in milk or water.

Example

She had a bowl of porridge for breakfast.

B2 noun /səbˈmɪʃən/

submission

Meaning

the act of yielding to authority or presenting something for consideration

Example

Her submission of the report was appreciated by the manager.

B2 noun /ˈtiːmmeɪt/

teammate

Meaning

a member of the same team

Example

He congratulated his teammate after scoring the goal.

B2 adjective /ˈdæz.lɪŋ/

Dazzling

Meaning

extremely bright and impressive; brilliant and stunning

Example

The dazzling lights of the city amazed the tourists.

B2 verb /ɪnˈtɜːrprət/

interpret

Meaning

to explain the meaning of something; to translate orally

Example

She had to interpret the speech for the foreign guests.

B2 noun /əˈfens/

Offence

Meaning

a breach of law or rule; an annoyance or resentment

Example

Stealing is a serious offence punishable by law.

B2 noun /ˈaɪ.bɔːl/

Eyeball

Meaning

the round part of the eye within the eyelids and socket

Example

The doctor examined his eyeball carefully.

B2 noun /ˌsɒl.ɪˈdær.ə.ti/

Solidarity

Meaning

unity or agreement of feeling or action among individuals with a common interest

Example

The workers showed solidarity during the strike.

B2 noun /ɡloʊb/

Globe

Meaning

a spherical or rounded object; the earth; a spherical model of the earth

Example

The teacher used a globe to show the students the locations of different countries.

B2 adverb /ˈhev.ɪ.li/

Heavily

Meaning

with great weight; to a great degree; intensely

Example

It rained heavily throughout the night.

B2 noun /ɡreɪs/

grace

Meaning

simple elegance or refined movement; goodwill and kindness

Example

She moved with grace across the stage.

B2 verb /kloʊð/

clothe

Meaning

to put clothes on; to dress; to provide with clothing

Example

She clothed the baby in warm garments.

B2 noun /ˌsuːpərɪnˈtɛndənt/

superintendent

Meaning

a person who oversees, manages, or directs an organization, building, or project

Example

The superintendent visited the classrooms to check on progress.

B2 verb /pərˈsɪst/

persist

Meaning

to continue firmly in an action or opinion despite difficulty or opposition

Example

She decided to persist in her efforts to learn French.

B2 noun /frɔːd/

Fraud

Meaning

wrongful or criminal deception intended to result in financial or personal gain

Example

The company was investigated for credit card fraud and money laundering.

B2 noun/verb /dɪˈvɔːrs/

divorce

Meaning

the legal ending of a marriage; to officially end a marriage

Example

After years of conflict, they decided to get a divorce.

B2 noun /ˈklaɪ.mæks/

Climax

Meaning

the most intense, exciting, or important point of something; the highest or most intense point in a process

Example

The movie reached its climax during the final battle scene.

B2 verb, noun /stɔːl/

stall

Meaning

to stop or cause to stop temporarily; a small shop or stand

Example

The car stalled on the way to the office.

B2 noun /ˈɑːftərmɑːθ/

aftermath

Meaning

the consequences or aftereffects of an event or situation, especially a disastrous one

Example

The aftermath of the earthquake was devastating.

B2 noun /ˈbɛriəl/

burial

Meaning

the act of placing a dead body into the ground.

Example

The burial ceremony took place in the afternoon.

B2 noun /treɪt/

Trait

Meaning

a distinguishing quality or characteristic of a person; an inherited feature

Example

Patience is an important trait for anyone working with children.

B2 verb /ˈræm.bəl/

ramble

Meaning

to talk or write at length in a confused or inconsequential way; to walk for pleasure without a fixed route.

Example

He rambled on about his childhood for hours.

B2 noun /hʌm/

Hum

Meaning

a low continuous sound; to make a low continuous droning sound

Example

The constant hum of the air conditioner helped her fall asleep peacefully.

B2 noun /ɪnˌtɜːrprəˈteɪʃən/

interpretation

Meaning

the action of explaining the meaning of something

Example

The teacher gave her own interpretation of the poem.

B2 noun /ˈɡloʊbəl əˈwɛrnɪs/

global awareness

Meaning

Worldwide consciousness and understanding of important issues that affect people globally, leading to informed action and policy changes.

Example

Global awareness of climate change is essential for policy changes.

B2 noun ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəlz

intellectuals

Meaning

People possessing a highly developed intellect; scholars or academics.

Example

Intellectuals protested against the dominance.

B2 noun /ˈfræk.ʃən/

Fraction

Meaning

a numerical quantity that is not a whole number; a small or tiny part of something

Example

Only a small fraction of the population voted in the local election.

B2 noun /ˈmɒdəreɪtər/

moderator

Meaning

A person who leads or oversees discussions, debates, or forums to maintain order.

Example

The moderator asked each panelist to share their views.

B2 adjective /æʃ ˈkʌl.ər/

Ash-colour

Meaning

a grayish color resembling ash

Example

The old building had ash-colour walls that needed painting.

B2 verb ˈɛkəʊd

echoed

Meaning

To repeat or resound; to be reminiscent of something.

Example

The words of gratitude echoed in his heart.

B2 verb /əˈstaʊnd/

astound

Meaning

to greatly surprise or amaze someone

Example

The magician's final trick astounded the audience.

B2 noun /ˈeɪ.prɪ.kɒt/

Apricot

Meaning

a small orange-colored fruit with a soft skin and sweet flesh

Example

The apricot tree produces sweet fruit in summer.

B2 noun /ˌɒn.trə.prəˈnɜːr/

Entrepreneur

Meaning

a person who organizes and operates a business or businesses

Example

The young entrepreneur started her own tech company at age 22.

B2 noun /ˈhɑːrd.ʃɪp/

Hardship

Meaning

severe suffering or privation; difficulty or distress

Example

Despite facing many hardships during the war, the family remained united and hopeful.

B2 noun /ˌmænjəˈfæktʃərɪŋ/

manufacturing

Meaning

the process of making products on a large scale using machinery

Example

The country is investing heavily in the manufacturing sector.

B2 verb /kəmˈpoʊz/

compose

Meaning

to create music or writing; to make up; to calm oneself

Example

She composes beautiful songs.

B2 adjective kəˈlɛktɪv

collective

Meaning

Done by people acting as a group; shared by all members of a group.

Example

Victory Day represents our collective pride.

B2 noun /roʊˈteɪʃən/

Rotation

Meaning

the action of rotating around an axis or center; a single turn

Example

The Earth's rotation takes 24 hours to complete.

B2 noun/verb /dɪˈspjuːt/

dispute

Meaning

a disagreement or argument about something important

Example

The two countries are in dispute over the border issue.

B2 noun /kənˈspɪrəsi/

conspiracy

Meaning

A secret plan by a group to do something unlawful or harmful.

Example

The police uncovered a conspiracy to overthrow the government.

B2 adverb /əˈfek.ʃən.ət.li/

Affectionately

Meaning

in a way that shows feelings of liking or love; with fondness and care

Example

She hugged her grandmother affectionately.

B2 adjective ˌtek.nəˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl

technological

Meaning

Relating to or involving technology, especially scientific technology.

Example

Technological advancements enable futuristic projects.

B2 noun ˈbleɪzə

blazer

Meaning

A coloured jacket worn by members of a club, team, or school as part of a uniform.

Example

He looked sharp in his navy blue blazer at the event.

B2 noun dɪˈstrækʃən

distraction

Meaning

Something that prevents concentration or takes attention away from something else.

Example

Distraction during study time can hinder learning.

B2 verb /ˈkʌltɪveɪt/

cultivate

Meaning

to grow crops or plants; to develop or improve something

Example

Farmers cultivate rice in the paddy fields.

B2 verb /əˈsɛmbəl/

assemble

Meaning

to gather or bring together in one place

Example

The students assembled in the hall for the meeting.

B2 adjective /bəˈtænɪkəl/

botanical

Meaning

relating to plants or plant life

Example

She works at the botanical garden.

B2 noun /ˈɪnfənt/

infant

Meaning

A very young child or baby.

Example

The infant was sleeping peacefully in the cradle.

B2 adjective /ˌʌnəˈweər/

Unaware

Meaning

not knowing or realizing; having no knowledge of something

Example

She was completely unaware of the danger.

B2 noun /maɪˈnɔːr.ɪ.ti/

minority

Meaning

A smaller number or part, especially a group differing from the majority.

Example

The law aims to protect the rights of ethnic minorities.

B2 noun ˈkɔːʃən

caution

Meaning

Care taken to avoid danger or mistakes; a warning or piece of advice.

Example

Researchers issued a caution regarding unsustainable fishing.

B2 noun /mɪθ/

myth

Meaning

A traditional story explaining natural or social phenomena, often involving supernatural beings; a widely held but false belief.

Example

The myth of the phoenix tells of a bird reborn from its ashes.

B2 adjective /keɪˈɒtɪk/

Chaotic

Meaning

in a state of complete confusion and disorder

Example

The situation became chaotic after the announcement.

B2 adjective /ˈbruː.təl/

brutal

Meaning

extremely cruel or harsh; violent and without feeling

Example

The dictator’s rule was marked by brutal violence.

B2 noun /dæm/

Dam

Meaning

a barrier constructed to hold back water and raise its level; a female parent of an animal

Example

The massive dam provides electricity and controls flooding in the region.

B2 adjective /kəmˈpɛlɪŋ/

compelling

Meaning

Evoking interest, attention, or admiration in a powerful way.

Example

She gave a compelling speech about climate change.

B2 verb /ˈstrʌɡlɪŋ/

struggling

Meaning

Making forceful or violent efforts to get free of restraint or constriction; having difficulty achieving something.

Example

Many regions are struggling with economic recovery.

B2 noun /ˈʃepərd/

Shepherd

Meaning

a person who tends and guards sheep

Example

The shepherd guided his flock to the green pasture.

B2 noun /ˈspəʊksmən/

spokesman

Meaning

a person who speaks on behalf of others, especially for a group or organization

Example

The spokesman addressed the crowd during the rally.

B2 noun /ˈkruː.əl.ti/

Cruelty

Meaning

behavior that causes pain or suffering to others; the quality of being cruel

Example

The documentary exposed the cruelty of factory farming to animals.

B2 adjective /njuːˈmɛrɪkəl/

numerical

Meaning

relating to or expressed in numbers

Example

The report provides numerical data on population growth.

B2 verb /ˌmɪsˈjuːz/

misuse

Meaning

To use something incorrectly or for the wrong purpose.

Example

Misusing social media profiles can harm relationships.

B2 noun /ˈlɪt.ər.ə.si/

Literacy

Meaning

the ability to read and write; competence or knowledge in a specified area

Example

Adult literacy programs help people learn to read.

B2 adjective /kəˈmɛndəbl̩/

commendable

Meaning

deserving praise or approval

Example

Her dedication to the project was truly commendable.

B2 noun ˈɪn.frəˌstrʌk.tʃər

infrastructure

Meaning

The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.

Example

Digital infrastructure is vital for future advancements.

B2 noun /ˈkwɒr.əl/

Quarrel

Meaning

an angry argument or disagreement between people

Example

They had a quarrel about money and stopped talking to each other.

B2 noun /taɪˈfuːn/

typhoon

Meaning

a tropical storm in the region of the Indian or western Pacific oceans

Example

The typhoon caused severe flooding in the coastal areas.

B2 adverb /əˈlɔːŋ.saɪd/

Alongside

Meaning

beside; next to; together with

Example

She walked alongside her friend through the park.

B2 noun /ˈmɪd.deɪ/

Midday

Meaning

The middle of the day; twelve o'clock in the daytime; noon

Example

The sun is brightest at midday when it's directly overhead.

B2 adjective ˈwaɪdspred

widespread

Meaning

Found or distributed over a large area or number of people.

Example

The effects of climate change are widespread across the globe.

B2 adverb /əˈdɪʃənəli/

additionally

Meaning

in addition to what has been said or done

Example

Additionally, we offer discounts for early bookings.

B2 adjective + noun æmˈbɪʃəs ɪnˈdevər

ambitious endeavor

Meaning

A bold and determined attempt to achieve something challenging.

Example

Artemis is an ambitious endeavor in space exploration.

B2 noun /ˌɪmɪˈɡreɪʃən/

immigration

Meaning

the action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country

Example

Immigration policies vary from country to country.

B2 verb /ɪˈvoʊk/

evoke

Meaning

to bring a feeling, memory, or image into the mind

Example

The old song evoked memories of her childhood.

B2 verb /ɡruːm/

groom

Meaning

to clean, brush, and care for the appearance of someone or something

Example

She spends hours grooming her dog every week.

B2 noun səˌsteɪ.nəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti

sustainability

Meaning

The ability to be maintained at a certain rate or level; the avoidance of the depletion of natural resources in order to maintain ecological balance.

Example

Sustainability ensures long-term environmental health.

B2 noun /ˈdʒuː.pɪ.tər/

Jupiter

Meaning

the largest planet in our solar system; the chief god of Roman mythology

Example

Jupiter is known for its massive size and distinctive red spot.

B2 verb /trɛk/

trek

Meaning

to go on a long, difficult journey, especially on foot

Example

They trekked across the mountains for three days.

B2 noun /ˈʃʌv.əl/

Shovel

Meaning

a tool with a broad flat blade and long handle used for digging and moving earth, snow, or other materials

Example

He grabbed a shovel to clear the snow from the driveway.

B2 adverb /ˈraɪtli/

Rightly

Meaning

correctly; properly; justly

Example

She rightly pointed out the mistakes in the report.

B2 verb /ɪnˈsɜːrt/

insert

Meaning

to put or place something into something else

Example

Please insert the key into the lock.

B2 noun, verb /ˈɑːrkaɪv/

absent-minded

Meaning

often forgetting things or not paying attention

Example

He is so absent-minded that he often forgets his keys.

B2 verb /ˈɪnəveɪt/

innovate

Meaning

To introduce new methods, ideas, or products.

Example

The company must innovate to stay ahead of its competitors.

B2 noun /ˈtɛl.ər/

teller

Meaning

A person who counts and manages money at a bank; a person who tells or relates something

Example

The bank teller counted the cash carefully before handing it over.

B2 noun /ˈsiːkər/

seeker

Meaning

a person who is looking for something, especially knowledge or truth

Example

The seeker traveled far to find the answers to his questions.

B2 verb /ˌoʊvərˈteɪk/

overtake

Meaning

to catch up with and pass someone or something; to surpass

Example

The runner managed to overtake his competitor in the final lap.

B2 adjective /kənˈsɪd.ər.ɪt/

Considerate

Meaning

showing careful thought about the feelings or wishes of others; thoughtful

Example

He is always considerate of others' feelings.

B2 noun /ˌmedɪˈkeɪʃən/

medication

Meaning

a drug or other form of medicine used to treat or prevent disease

Example

The doctor prescribed medication for his headache.

B2 noun /ˈsæksəfoʊn/

Saxophone

Meaning

a wind musical instrument with a curved metal body and a single reed mouthpiece

Example

The jazz musician played a beautiful solo on his saxophone.

B2 adjective /ˈles.ər/

Lesser

Meaning

smaller in amount; of lower importance; inferior

Example

He chose the lesser of two evils when making his decision.

B2 noun /ɪnˈtɜː.prə.tər/

Interpreter

Meaning

a person who translates orally from one language into another; someone who explains meaning

Example

The international conference hired professional interpreters to translate speeches in real time.

B2 noun /ˈmɛmoʊ/

memo

Meaning

a written message, typically in a business setting

Example

He wrote a memo to the staff about the upcoming meeting.

B2 verb /bræɡ/

brag

Meaning

to talk proudly about oneself or one's achievements in an annoying way

Example

He always brags about his expensive car.

B2 noun /ˈtɒnɪk/

tonic

Meaning

a medicine or drink that restores or refreshes health and energy

Example

A glass of lemonade was the perfect tonic on a hot day.