urbanization
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B2 noun ˌɜːbənaɪˈzeɪʃən

urbanization

Meaning
The process by which towns and cities are formed and become larger as more people begin living and working in central areas.
Example
Urbanization leads to more developed infrastructure.
B2 adjective /əˈdɪktɪd/

addicted

Meaning
Being unable to stop engaging in a particular activity or consuming a particular substance.
Example
Many people are addicted to social media.
B2 noun, verb /sɪn/

sin

Meaning
an immoral act considered to be a transgression against divine law; to commit an offense against religious or moral law
Example
He confessed his sin to the priest.
B2 adjective /ˈfes.tɪv/

Festive

Meaning
joyful; celebratory; having the characteristics of a festival
Example
The house looked festive with colorful decorations.
B2 noun, verb /blæst/

blast

Meaning
a strong gust of wind, an explosion, or a loud sound; to destroy or shatter by explosion
Example
The explosion sent a powerful blast through the building.
B2 noun /dɪˈpreʃ.ən/

Depression

Meaning
a mental health condition characterized by persistent sadness; a severe economic downturn
Example
The therapist helped her cope with depression through cognitive behavioral therapy.
B2 noun /ˈfæntəsi/

fantasy

Meaning
a creation of the imagination, especially something improbable or impossible
Example
She has a vivid fantasy about traveling to space.
B2 adverb /ˈpraɪ.vət.li/

Privately

Meaning
in a private manner; without others present; confidentially
Example
She spoke to him privately about the matter.
B2 verb /kɑːrv/

carve

Meaning
To cut or shape something, especially wood or stone, into a desired form.
Example
The artist carved a beautiful statue out of marble.
B2 adjective /ˈɪɡ.nər.ənt/

Ignorant

Meaning
lacking knowledge or awareness; uninformed
Example
She was ignorant about the new technology trends.
B2 verb /trɛk/

trek

Meaning
to go on a long, difficult journey, especially on foot
Example
They trekked across the mountains for three days.
B2 adjective /ˈtrædʒɪk/

Tragic

Meaning
very sad; involving death or extreme suffering
Example
The plane crash was a tragic accident.
B2 adverb /rɪˈɡɑrdləs/

regardless

Meaning
without paying attention to the current situation or condition
Example
She will go to the party regardless of the weather.
B2 verb /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/

diminish

Meaning
to make or become less; to reduce in size, importance, or value
Example
Over time, his influence in the company began to diminish.
B2 adjective /kəmˈpætəbl/

compatible

Meaning
Able to exist or work together without conflict; harmonious.
Example
This software is compatible with both Windows and Mac systems.
B2 verb /kənˈstrʌkt/

construct

Meaning
to build or form something by putting parts together
Example
They plan to construct a new bridge over the river.
B2 noun /ˈvæmpaɪər/

vampire

Meaning
a mythical creature that sucks blood from the living; metaphorically, a person who exploits others
Example
In folklore, a vampire rises at night to drink human blood.
B2 noun ɑːmd ˈkɒn.flɪkt

armed conflict

Meaning
A contest of armed forces; warfare between opposing military forces.
Example
Armed conflict resulted in widespread devastation.
B2 noun ˈpeɪtriəˌtɪzəm

patriotism

Meaning
The quality of being patriotic; devotion to and vigorous support for one's country.
Example
Victory Day reflects the patriotism of the entire nation.
B2 verb /swel/

swell

Meaning
to become larger, rounder, or thicker; to increase in size
Example
Her ankle began to swell after the injury.
B2 noun /rɪˈlʌk.təns/

Reluctance

Meaning
unwillingness to do something; hesitation
Example
He showed reluctance to accept the job offer.
B2 noun ˈruθləs ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən

ruthless competition

Meaning
Fierce and merciless rivalry or contest, without pity or compassion.
Example
Ruthless competition for power leads to societal issues.
B2 adjective /ɪmˈpɜːrfɪkt/

imperfect

Meaning
Not perfect; having faults or flaws.
Example
The painting was beautiful despite being imperfect.
B2 verb /ˌʌndərˈskɔːr/

underscore

Meaning
to emphasize or highlight something
Example
The incident underscored the need for better safety measures.
B2 adjective /dʒaɪˈɡæntɪk/

gigantic

Meaning
Extremely large or huge in size, power, or extent.
Example
The company made a gigantic investment in technology.
B2 noun /ˈem.ər.əld/

Emerald

Meaning
a bright green precious stone used in jewelry
Example
The emerald necklace sparkled in the sunlight.
B2 noun /ˈɪntərfeɪs/

interface

Meaning
a point where two systems, subjects, or organizations meet and interact
Example
The user interface is designed to be intuitive and user-friendly.
B2 adjective /ˈteɪst.fəl/

Tasteful

Meaning
showing good judgment in matters of style and beauty
Example
She decorated her home in a very tasteful manner.
B2 adjective /ˈdɛntəl/

dental

Meaning
relating to teeth or dentistry
Example
She goes for a dental checkup every six months.
B2 adjective /ˈmɛʒərd/

measured

Meaning
carefully considered and deliberate
Example
She spoke in a calm, measured tone.
B2 noun /kwɪˈziːn/

cuisine

Meaning
A style or method of cooking, especially characteristic of a particular country or region.
Example
Italian cuisine is famous all over the world.
B2 noun/adjective /ˈfluːɪd/

fluid

Meaning
a substance that can flow easily, such as liquid or gas; smooth and adaptable
Example
The artist's fluid movements impressed the audience.
B2 noun /ɪnˈveɪʒən/

invasion

Meaning
An instance of invading a country, region, or personal space with armed force or unwelcome presence.
Example
The army prepared for the possibility of an invasion.
B2 adjective /ˈsɛl.əˌbreɪ.tɪd/

celebrated

Meaning
Widely known and praised; famous for an achievement.
Example
He is a celebrated author in the field of literature.
B2 adjective /ˈdaʊt.fəl/

Doubtful

Meaning
uncertain; questionable; feeling uncertain about something
Example
I am doubtful about the success of this project.
B2 verb /rɪˈzɪst/

resist

Meaning
to oppose or fight against; to withstand
Example
He could not resist the temptation.
B2 noun /ˈvɪɡ.ər/

Vigour

Meaning
physical strength and good health; effort, energy, and enthusiasm
Example
She approached her work with renewed vigour after the vacation.
B2 adjective /ˌθɛr.əˈpjuː.tɪk/

therapeutic

Meaning
Having a healing or beneficial effect on the body or mind.
Example
Meditation is highly therapeutic for mental well-being.
B2 noun /ˈbækɪŋ/

Backing

Meaning
help or support; financial or material support
Example
The project received backing from several major investors.
B2 noun /ˌtɜːrməˈnɑːlədʒi/

terminology

Meaning
the set of technical or special words used in a particular subject
Example
Medical terminology can be difficult for new students to understand.
B2 adjective /əˈnɒn.ɪ.məs/

Anonymous

Meaning
having an unknown name or identity; nameless
Example
The author published the book under an anonymous pseudonym.
B2 noun /ˈdʒuːələr/

jeweller

Meaning
a person who makes, repairs, or sells jewelry
Example
The jeweller crafted a beautiful gold ring.
B2 noun /ˈes.əns/

Essence

Meaning
the intrinsic nature or indispensable quality of something
Example
The essence of good teaching is the ability to inspire students.
B2 verb /ˌkoʊ.ɪnˈsaɪd/

coincide

Meaning
To occur at the same time or to be in agreement.
Example
The meeting coincided with her birthday.
B2 noun /ˈaʊtbɜːrst/

outburst

Meaning
a sudden release of strong emotion or activity
Example
She had an angry outburst during the meeting.
B2 noun /skɑːr/

Scar

Meaning
a mark left on the skin after a wound has healed; lasting emotional damage
Example
The accident left a permanent scar on his forehead.
B2 noun ɪnˈdʒʌstɪs

injustice

Meaning
Lack of fairness or justice; the practice of being unjust or unfair.
Example
The story portrays the injustices faced by the common people.
B2 noun /kəmˈpɑːrt.mənt/

Compartment

Meaning
a separate section or division of a larger space, especially in a train
Example
We found seats in the first-class compartment.
B2 adjective /pəˈzes.ɪv/

Possessive

Meaning
showing a desire to own or control something; unwilling to share; jealously protective
Example
He is very possessive about his car.
B2 noun /ˈkloʊʒər/

closure

Meaning
the action or process of closing something, or the sense of finality or resolution.
Example
The closure of the company left many employees without jobs.
B2 noun /ˈkrɪstəl/

crystal

Meaning
a clear, transparent mineral or glass that forms a solid structure with regular patterns
Example
She wore a necklace made of sparkling crystal.
B2 noun /ˈɡɑː.mənt/

garment

Meaning
An item of clothing.
Example
She bought a new garment for the party.
B2 noun /pəˈsjuːt/

pursuit

Meaning
the act of chasing or trying to achieve something
Example
He dedicated his life to the pursuit of happiness.
B2 noun ˈikoʊ ˈfrɛndli tɛkˈnɑləʤiz

eco-friendly technologies

Meaning
Technologies that are designed to minimize environmental impact and promote sustainability.
Example
Eco-friendly technologies can mitigate pollution.
B2 noun /ˈpɒm.ɪˌɡræn.ɪt/

Pomegranate

Meaning
a round fruit with thick red skin containing many small red seeds with juice
Example
The pomegranate seeds were sweet and refreshing.
B2 noun /ˈmet.roʊ reɪl/

Metro Rail

Meaning
an underground urban railway system; subway system
Example
The metro rail connects all major areas of the city efficiently.
B2 noun /beɪ liːf/

Bay leaf

Meaning
dried aromatic leaf of the bay laurel tree used as a culinary herb
Example
Add a bay leaf to the soup for extra flavor.
B2 adjective /ˈflɔːrəl/

floral

Meaning
Relating to flowers or decorated with flowers.
Example
She wore a beautiful floral dress to the party.
B2 verb ˈwɜːrsən

worsen

Meaning
To make or become worse; to deteriorate in quality, condition, or degree.
Example
Lack of education can worsen poverty levels.
B2 noun /ˌærɪˈstɑːkrəsi/

aristocracy

Meaning
a class of people holding exceptional rank and privileges, especially hereditary nobility
Example
The aristocracy often had influence over political decisions.
B2 verb ɪmˈpoʊz

imposes

Meaning
To establish or apply by authority; to force something unwelcome or unfamiliar to be accepted or put in place.
Example
Pollution imposes harmful effects on the environment.
B2 noun pɪər ˈɪnfluəns

peer influence

Meaning
The effect that members of a peer group have on each other, especially in terms of behavior, attitudes, and decision-making.
Example
Peer influence can shape juvenile behavior significantly.
B2 adverb /ˈprez.ənt.li/

Presently

Meaning
at the present time; soon; in a little while
Example
The doctor will see you presently.
B2 noun /ɪkˈspen.dɪ.tʃər/

expenditure

Meaning
The action of spending funds; an amount of money spent.
Example
Managing expenditure is critical for budgeting.
B2 verb /blɜːr/

blur

Meaning
to make something unclear or difficult to see
Example
Tears blurred her vision.
B2 verb /ˈpɪnpɔɪnt/

pinpoint

Meaning
to locate or identify something with precision
Example
The detective was able to pinpoint the exact location of the suspect.
B2 noun /ˈdɛltə/

delta

Meaning
A landform at the mouth of a river where it splits into several outlets.
Example
The Nile Delta is one of the most fertile regions in Egypt.
B2 verb /ˈɡæmbəl/

gamble

Meaning
to bet money on games of chance; to take a risky action
Example
He decided to gamble his savings on the stock market.
B2 noun ˌæl.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃənz

allegations

Meaning
Claims or assertions that someone has done something illegal or wrong, typically without proof.
Example
The allegations were investigated by an international body.
B2 adjective /ˈhoʊm.sɪk/

Homesick

Meaning
experiencing a longing for one's home during a period of absence from it; missing home
Example
After three months studying abroad, Maria felt increasingly homesick for her family.
B2 verb /twiːk/

tweak

Meaning
to make small adjustments; to fine-tune something
Example
We need to tweak the design slightly.
B2 verb /ɪmˈbɑːrk/

embark

Meaning
to begin a journey, project, or activity
Example
She decided to embark on a new career in medicine.
B2 noun /ˈfriː.kwən.si/

Frequency

Meaning
the rate at which something occurs or is repeated over a particular period of time
Example
The frequency of earthquakes in this region has increased dramatically over the past decade.
B2 noun /æs/

Ass

Meaning
a donkey; a small domesticated animal of the horse family
Example
The farmer used an ass to carry heavy loads.
B2 adjective /ˈspiːtʃləs/

speechless

Meaning
Unable to speak because of shock, surprise, or strong emotion.
Example
She was speechless when she received the award.
B2 adjective /ˈædmərəbəl/

Admirable

Meaning
প্রশংসনীয়; চমৎকার;
Example
Her dedication to helping others is truly admirable.
B2 verb /ˈprɒspər/

prosper

Meaning
to succeed or flourish, especially in financial or business matters
Example
With hard work and determination, she managed to prosper in her career.
B2 adverb /pɪˈkju:.li.ə.li/

Peculiarly

Meaning
in a strange or unusual way; in a manner that is distinctive or characteristic
Example
She dressed peculiarly for the formal dinner, wearing bright colors and unusual patterns.
B2 noun /meɪz/

Maize

Meaning
a tall cereal plant bearing large grains on a cob; corn
Example
Farmers in the region grow maize as their primary crop for both food and animal feed.
B2 noun /ˌɪn.dɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

Indication

Meaning
a sign or piece of information that indicates something; a suggestion or hint
Example
The dark clouds were a clear indication that a storm was approaching the area.
B2 adverb /əˈdɪʃənəli/

additionally

Meaning
in addition to what has been said or done
Example
Additionally, we offer discounts for early bookings.
B2 noun /ˌkwes.tʃəˈneər/

questionnaire

Meaning
a set of written questions used to collect information or opinions
Example
Participants filled out a detailed questionnaire about their habits.
B2 verb /reɪd/

raid

Meaning
to attack suddenly; to search and seize
Example
Police raid the illegal gambling house.
B2 noun /ɡoʊld fɪʃ/

Gold fish

Meaning
a small ornamental freshwater fish with golden or orange coloration, commonly kept as a pet
Example
The goldfish swam in circles around its glass bowl.
B2 noun /ˈɪnvənˌtɔːri/

inventory

Meaning
A complete list of items, such as goods in stock or property.
Example
The shopkeeper checked the inventory before opening the store.
B2 adjective /ˈɪnˌsaɪtfəl/

insightful

Meaning
Showing deep understanding or perceptiveness.
Example
The professor gave an insightful lecture on global economics.
B2 adjective /senˈseɪʃənəl/

Sensational

Meaning
causing great excitement or shock; extremely impressive
Example
The sensational performance left the audience speechless.
B2 noun /prəˈmoʊ.tər/

promoter

Meaning
A person or organization that helps to organize or finance an event, business, or product launch.
Example
The promoter organized a concert for the new band.
B2 adjective /ˈplɔː.zə.bəl/

plausible

Meaning
Seeming reasonable or probable; credible or believable.
Example
His excuse seemed plausible, but I had my doubts.
B2 noun /ˈwɪzərd/

Wizard

Meaning
a man who is supposed to have magical powers; a person who is very skilled in a particular area
Example
The wizard performed amazing magic tricks.
B2 noun /kəmˈpliːʃən/

completion

Meaning
the action or process of finishing something
Example
The completion of the project will take another few weeks.
B2 verb /ˈænəlaɪz/

analyze

Meaning
to examine something in detail to understand it better or draw conclusions
Example
Scientists analyze data to discover new patterns.
B2 noun prɛsˈtiːʒ

prestige

Meaning
Widespread respect and admiration felt for someone or something on the basis of a perception of their achievements or quality.
Example
The university has gained international prestige for its research.
B2 noun /ˈfeð.ər/

Feather

Meaning
one of the light structures that cover a bird's body
Example
The peacock has beautiful colorful feathers.
B2 verb /dɪˈtekt/

detect

Meaning
to discover or identify the presence or existence of something; to notice something that is not immediately obvious
Example
The security system can detect movement in the building.
B2 noun /jel/

Yell

Meaning
a loud, sharp cry of pain, surprise, or delight; to shout loudly
Example
He let out a yell when he saw the spider.
B2 noun /kəˈmiː.li.ən/

Chameleon

Meaning
a lizard that can change color to match its surroundings
Example
The chameleon changed its color from green to brown.
B2 noun /wiːd/

Weed

Meaning
a wild plant growing where it is not wanted; unwanted plant
Example
The garden was full of weeds that needed to be removed.
B2 noun /məˈræl.ə.ti/

Morality

Meaning
principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong behavior
Example
The debate focused on the morality of the decision.
B2 noun /stəˈtɪstɪks/

statistics

Meaning
the practice or science of collecting and analyzing numerical data
Example
The statistics showed an increase in the number of users last year.
B2 verb /ɪnˈroʊl/

enroll

Meaning
to officially join or register in a school, course, or organization
Example
He decided to enroll in a computer programming course.
B2 noun /ˈet.ɪ.kət/

Etiquette

Meaning
the customary code of polite behavior in society or among members of a particular profession
Example
Proper etiquette requires standing when a lady enters the room.
B2 phrase ˈɡləʊ.bəl ˌkəʊ.ɒp.əˈreɪ.ʃən

global cooperation

Meaning
International collaboration and working together across countries to address common challenges and goals.
Example
Global cooperation is essential to address climate challenges.
B2 verb /ˈpɒndər/

ponder

Meaning
to think about something carefully
Example
She pondered over the meaning of the poem.
B2 noun ˈskruːtɪni

scrutiny

Meaning
Critical observation or examination
Example
The new law is under scrutiny by the legislative body.
B2 verb, noun, adjective /prɑːmpt/

prompt

Meaning
To cause someone to take action; done without delay.
Example
His speech prompted the audience to ask questions.
B2 noun /ˌʌndəˈɡrædʒuət/

undergraduate

Meaning
a student who has not yet earned a bachelor's degree
Example
She is an undergraduate studying computer science.
B2 adjective /ˈɡræs.i/

Grassy

Meaning
covered with grass; resembling grass in color; green like grass
Example
The grassy field stretched as far as the eye could see.
B2 noun ˈsoʊʃəl rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti

social responsibility

Meaning
The duty to act in ways that benefit society as a whole.
Example
Social responsibility should be part of the education curriculum.
B2 noun ˈlɪv.ɪŋ ˈstæn.dədz

living standards

Meaning
The degree of wealth and material comfort available to a person or community; quality of life.
Example
High living standards improve satisfaction.
B2 adjective /æpt/

apt

Meaning
Appropriate or suitable; having a natural tendency or quick to learn.
Example
She is an apt student who quickly understands new concepts.
B2 noun /ˌsɜːrtɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

certification

Meaning
the process of officially recognizing or confirming that something or someone meets required standards; an official document proving qualification
Example
She received her professional certification after completing the training program.
B2 noun /ˈdʒɜːrnəlɪzəm/

journalism

Meaning
the activity or profession of collecting, writing, and publishing news and articles for newspapers, magazines, or broadcast media
Example
He studied journalism to become a news reporter.
B2 adjective /ˈkɒmɪkəl/

comical

Meaning
Funny in a strange or silly way; amusing.
Example
His comical expressions made everyone laugh.
B2 noun /dəˈmeɪn/

domain

Meaning
An area of knowledge, activity, or territory over which control is exercised.
Example
Mathematics is her main domain of expertise.
B2 verb /dɪsˈtɜːb/

disturb

Meaning
to interrupt or cause someone to stop what they are doing
Example
Please don’t disturb me while I’m studying.
B2 noun bækˈtɪə.ri.ə

bacteria

Meaning
A member of a large group of unicellular microorganisms which have cell walls but lack organelles and an organized nucleus.
Example
Specialized bacteria aid in waste decomposition.
B2 adjective /ˈniː.di/

Needy

Meaning
requiring help or support; poor; lacking basic necessities
Example
The charity helps needy families during the winter.
B2 verb /ˈrɛnəˌveɪt/

renovate

Meaning
to restore something old to a good state or to improve it
Example
They decided to renovate the old house before moving in.
B2 noun /dʒʌŋk/

Junk

Meaning
old or discarded articles that are considered useless or of little value; things of poor quality
Example
He cleaned out the garage and threw away all the old junk.
B2 verb /rɪˈtriːt/

retreat

Meaning
to move back or withdraw from a position or situation
Example
The soldiers had to retreat after losing the battle.