C1 adjective ʌnˈwɔːr.rən.tɪd

unwarranted

Meaning

Not justified or necessary; without good reason.

Example

His anger toward the staff was completely unwarranted.

C2 adjective /rɪˈkʌmbənt/

recumbent

Meaning

lying down or in a resting position

Example

He was found recumbent on the sofa after a long day.

C2 adjective /ɪnˈsɪpiənt/

incipient

Meaning

in an initial stage; beginning to develop

Example

The incipient storm made the sky turn dark and heavy.

A2 verb /dɪˈstrɔɪ/

destroy

Meaning

to damage something so badly that it cannot be used

Example

The fire destroyed the entire building.

C2 adjective /ˈkoʊltɪʃ/

coltish

Meaning

Playful, energetic, and not fully mature or disciplined.

Example

The coltish boy ran around the field without a care.

A2 verb /fiːd/

feed

Meaning

to give food to a person or animal

Example

She feeds the birds every morning.

B2 adjective /ˌɪnsɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/

insignificant

Meaning

Too small or unimportant to be worth considering.

Example

The cost was so insignificant that nobody noticed it.

C1 verb /ˈʃækəl/

shackle

Meaning

to chain or restrain; to restrict someone’s actions or freedom

Example

Outdated regulations shackle small businesses and slow innovation.

B2 adjective /rɪˈflektɪv/

Reflective

Meaning

thoughtful; contemplative; able to reflect light or images

Example

After the meeting, he was in a reflective mood.

B2 verb /səbˈskraɪb/

subscribe

Meaning

to pay to receive a service regularly; to agree with or support something

Example

I subscribe to several online magazines.

C2 noun /ˌtɜːdʒɪvərˈseɪʃən/

tergiversation

Meaning

Evasion of straightforward action or speech; changing sides or being inconsistent.

Example

The politician’s tergiversation frustrated his supporters.

C1 adjective /ˈfɔːrθˌraɪt/

forthright

Meaning

Direct and honest in speech or behavior; straightforward.

Example

She was forthright in her criticism of the policy.

B2 noun /ˌkɔːriˈændər/

Coriander

Meaning

aromatic herb with feathery leaves used for flavoring food; also refers to the seeds used as spice

Example

Fresh coriander leaves are sprinkled on top of the curry.

C1 adjective /ˈnɔɪz.ləs/

Noiseless

Meaning

making no sound; completely silent

Example

She moved through the house in noiseless steps so as not to wake the baby.

B2 adjective /dɪˈvoʊtɪd/

devoted

Meaning

Very loving, loyal, or dedicated.

Example

She is a devoted mother who always puts her children first.

C2 noun /ˌpɒlɪˈhiːdrən/

polyhedron

Meaning

a solid object with flat polygonal faces, straight edges, and vertices

Example

The mathematician studied a complex polyhedron model.

C1 noun /ˈfæk.ʃən/

Faction

Meaning

a small organized dissenting group within a larger one

Example

Different factions within the party disagreed about the new policy.

C2 noun /ˈɡɔːntlɪt/

gauntlet

Meaning

a protective glove; a challenge or trial; to 'throw down the gauntlet' means to issue a challenge

Example

The knight threw down his gauntlet as a sign of challenge.

C2 noun /traɪst/

tryst

Meaning

a private romantic meeting between lovers

Example

They arranged a secret tryst in the park.

C1 noun /lʌst/

Lust

Meaning

very strong sexual desire; a passionate desire for something

Example

His lust for power corrupted him completely.

B1 verb /kənˈɡrætʃʊleɪt/

congratulate

Meaning

to praise someone for an achievement or for a special occasion

Example

I want to congratulate you on your promotion.

C1 noun /ˈniːdəlwɜːrk/

needlework

Meaning

The craft of sewing, embroidery, or knitting done with a needle.

Example

Her grandmother taught her the art of needlework.

C1 noun /təˈpɒɡrəfi/

topography

Meaning

the arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area

Example

The topography of the region made construction very challenging.

B2 adverb /səˈfɪʃəntli/

sufficiently

Meaning

to an adequate degree or extent

Example

She studied sufficiently to pass the exam.

B2 verb /ˈɔː.tə.meɪt/

automate

Meaning

To make a process or system operate automatically by means of machines or computers.

Example

Many companies automate their processes to save time.

A2 noun /rɪˈzʌlt/

result

Meaning

a consequence, effect, or outcome of something

Example

The result of the test was excellent.

A2 noun /ˈoʊ.ʃən/

ocean

Meaning

A very large expanse of sea, especially the main areas of sea between continents.

Example

The ocean covers more than 70% of the Earth's surface.

A2 noun /ˈkʌm.pə.ni/

company

Meaning

a business organization; the presence of other people

Example

She started her own company to sell handmade products.

B1 verb /ˈhaɪˌlaɪt/

highlight

Meaning

to emphasize or make something stand out

Example

The teacher highlighted the most important points in the text.

B2 verb ˈwɜːrsən

worsen

Meaning

To make or become worse; to deteriorate in quality, condition, or degree.

Example

Lack of education can worsen poverty levels.

C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈspjuːtəbəl/

Indisputable

Meaning

impossible to deny or argue against; undeniable; certain

Example

The evidence against him was indisputable.

A2 noun /ɡlʌv/

glove

Meaning

A covering for the hand with separate parts for the fingers and thumb.

Example

She wore gloves to protect her hands from the cold.

C1 noun /frɪndʒ/

fringe

Meaning

A decorative border of threads; the outer edge or margin of something.

Example

The festival had a fringe of small independent performances.

B1 noun /ˈʃed.juːl/

Schedule

Meaning

a plan that lists things or events and the times when they will happen; timetable

Example

Please check your schedule before confirming the meeting time.

C1 adjective /ɪnˈhjuːmən/

Inhuman

Meaning

lacking human qualities; cruel; brutal; savage

Example

The dictator's inhuman treatment of prisoners shocked the international community.

B2 noun /dɛk/

deck

Meaning

A flat surface or platform, often on a ship or building.

Example

We enjoyed the sunset from the upper deck of the ferry.

C1 noun /ˈvaɪ.pər/

Viper

Meaning

a venomous snake with large hinged fangs that typically has a thick body and gives birth to live young

Example

The viper coiled up when it sensed danger.

A2 noun /smɔːl boʊl/

Small bowl

Meaning

a round, shallow container of small size used for serving food or liquids

Example

She served the soup in a small bowl.

B2 noun /sərˈkʌmfərəns/

circumference

Meaning

the distance around the edge of a circle

Example

The teacher asked us to calculate the circumference of the circle.

C2 noun /oʊˈbeɪsəns/

obeisance

Meaning

A gesture of respect such as a bow or curtsy.

Example

They bowed in obeisance to the king.

C1 noun /pəˈθɒlədʒi/

pathology

Meaning

the scientific study of diseases, their causes, processes, and effects on the body

Example

Advances in pathology helped the doctors identify the rare infection quickly.

C1 adjective /ˌwɛlˈbrɛd/

well-bred

Meaning

Having or showing good manners; properly raised.

Example

She is a well-bred young lady with excellent manners.

C1 noun /buːn/

boon

Meaning

A thing that is helpful or beneficial.

Example

The internet is a boon to modern education.

C2 noun /ˈzaɪtɡaɪst/

zeitgeist

Meaning

The defining spirit or mood of a particular period of history as shown by the ideas and beliefs of the time.

Example

The novel perfectly captures the zeitgeist of the 1960s.

A2 noun /ˈɔːtoʊ/

auto

Meaning

A motor vehicle, especially a car.

Example

He drove his auto to the market.

A1 adjective /ˈspɛʃəl/

special

Meaning

different from what is usual; better or greater than normal

Example

This gift is very special to me.

C1 noun /əˈduː/

ado

Meaning

a fuss or unnecessary activity; trouble or difficulty

Example

Without further ado, let’s begin the ceremony.

B2 noun /tɛkˈnɪʃən/

technician

Meaning

a person skilled in the practical aspects of a particular science, art, or job

Example

The technician repaired the computer within an hour.

C1 adjective /ˈvɛnəˌreɪtɪd/

venerated

Meaning

respected and admired deeply

Example

The venerated professor was honored with an award.

C2 adjective /ˈkɒndʒʊɡəl/

conjugal

Meaning

relating to marriage or the relationship between husband and wife

Example

They enjoyed a long life of conjugal happiness.

B1 noun/verb /ˈfaɪtɪŋ/

fighting

Meaning

the act of engaging in a physical or verbal conflict

Example

The soldiers were fighting bravely on the battlefield.

B2 noun /ˈfɪŋ.ɡər.prɪnt/

Fingerprint

Meaning

an impression or mark made on a surface by a person's fingertip; unique identification pattern

Example

The police found his fingerprints on the door handle at the crime scene.

C1 noun /bʊk ˈbaɪn.dər/

Book binder

Meaning

a person whose job is to fasten the pages of books together and put covers on them

Example

The old book binder carefully restored the antique manuscript.

C1 noun /ˈvɪstə/

vista

Meaning

A pleasing view, especially one seen through a long, narrow opening.

Example

From the mountain top, we admired the breathtaking vista of the valley below.

C1 verb /ɪmˈpɜːrsəneɪt/

impersonate

Meaning

to pretend to be another person in order to entertain or deceive

Example

He was arrested for trying to impersonate a police officer.

A2 noun /belt/

Belt

Meaning

a strip of leather or cloth worn around the waist to support clothes or for decoration

Example

He tightened his belt before going for a run.

B2 adjective /ˈnær.ə.tɪv/

Narrative

Meaning

relating to storytelling; descriptive; telling a story; recounting events

Example

The narrative structure of the novel was quite complex.

A1 noun /ˈsætərdeɪ/

saturday

Meaning

The day of the week between Friday and Sunday; traditionally the sixth day of the week

Example

We are going to the beach on Saturday.

C2 verb /ˈɑːbdʒərˌɡeɪt/

objurgate

Meaning

to scold or rebuke severely

Example

The teacher objurgated the student for being dishonest.

B2 noun /bleɪd/

Blade

Meaning

a sharp flat cutting edge of a knife, sword, or tool

Example

The blade of the knife needs to be sharpened.

C2 noun /ˌdɪspjuːˈteɪʃən/

disputation

Meaning

a formal debate or argument

Example

The disputation between the two scholars lasted for hours.

C1 verb /ɡeɪp/

gape

Meaning

to stare with mouth wide open; to be wide open

Example

The crowd gaped at the amazing magic trick.

C1 adjective /prəˈvoʊkɪŋ/

Provoking

Meaning

causing anger or strong reaction; irritating; stimulating

Example

His provoking comments made everyone angry.

C1 verb /ɪˈvɪkt/

evict

Meaning

To expel someone from a property, usually by legal process.

Example

The landlord decided to evict the tenants for not paying rent.

B2 adjective /ˈstaɪ.lɪʃ/

Stylish

Meaning

fashionable and attractive; having elegance or taste in appearance

Example

She wore a stylish dress to the party.

C1 adjective /ɪnˈdʌldʒənt/

indulgent

Meaning

Having a tendency to be overly generous or lenient with someone.

Example

The indulgent mother allowed her child to stay up late.

C2 noun /ˌpærəˈɡɔːrɪk/

paregoric

Meaning

a medicine containing opium, once used to relieve pain and diarrhea

Example

Doctors once prescribed paregoric to treat diarrhea in children.

C1 adjective ˈɑː.dʒu.əs

arduous

Meaning

Involving or requiring strenuous effort; difficult and tiring.

Example

The trek through the mountains was an arduous journey.

C1 verb /məˈruːn/

maroon

Meaning

to leave someone trapped and isolated, especially on an island

Example

The sailors were marooned on a deserted island.

A2 adjective /pəˈlaɪt/

Polite

Meaning

having good manners; respectful; courteous

Example

He was very polite and respectful to everyone.

A2 noun /ˈbɑt.əm/

Bottom

Meaning

the lowest point or part of something; the ground under a body of water

Example

The treasure chest was lying at the bottom of the ocean.

B2 adverb /ˈəʊvəli/

overly

Meaning

to an excessive degree or extent

Example

She was overly concerned about the results.

A2 adjective, noun /ˈkloʊsər/

closer

Meaning

more near in distance or relationship; someone or something that concludes an activity

Example

She moved closer to the window.

A2 noun dɪˈskrɪpʃən

description

Meaning

A spoken or written account of a person, object, or event.

Example

His description was vivid.

C1 verb /bɪˈsɛt/

beset

Meaning

to trouble, harass, or attack on all sides

Example

The village was beset by constant floods.

C2 noun /sɪˈmɪlɪtjuːd/

Similitude

Meaning

the quality or state of being similar; resemblance

Example

The similitude between the two paintings suggested they were by the same artist.

C1 noun /ˈvendʒəns/

Vengeance

Meaning

punishment inflicted or retribution exacted for an injury or wrong; revenge

Example

He swore to seek vengeance against those who wronged him.

B2 noun /broʊtʃ/

brooch

Meaning

a decorative jewelry pin that is attached to clothing

Example

She wore a beautiful silver brooch on her jacket.

B1 noun /kruː/

crew

Meaning

A group of people working together, especially on a ship, aircraft, or project.

Example

The ship's crew worked tirelessly during the storm.

C1 noun /ˈrɛ.trəʊ.fɪt.ɪŋ/

retrofitting

Meaning

The addition of new technology or features to older systems.

Example

The building underwent retrofitting to meet new safety standards.

C1 noun /hoʊks/

Hoax

Meaning

a humorous or malicious deception; something intended to trick or deceive people

Example

The news about aliens landing turned out to be an elaborate hoax created by pranksters.

C2 noun /neɪv/

Knave

Meaning

a dishonest person, especially a man; a playing card with a picture of a male servant

Example

The knave tried to cheat the old woman out of her savings.

B1 noun /ˈriː.dʒən/

Region

Meaning

a particular area or part of a country or the world

Example

This region is famous for its wine production.

C2 noun /ˌɪnsjəˈlærəti/

insularity

Meaning

The state of being isolated or narrow-minded.

Example

The insularity of the group prevented them from accepting new ideas.

C1 verb /ɪnˈθrɔːl/

enthrall

Meaning

to captivate or hold someone’s attention completely

Example

The magician’s tricks enthralled the children.

C2 noun /ˈbæs.tərd tiːk/

Bastard teak

Meaning

A flowering tree with bright orange-red flowers, also known as flame of the forest

Example

The bastard teak tree blooms with vibrant orange flowers in spring.

B2 noun /ɡriːf/

Grief

Meaning

deep sorrow, especially that caused by someone's death; trouble or suffering

Example

The family was overwhelmed with grief after losing their beloved pet.

C2 noun /ləˈdʒɪʃən/

logician

Meaning

A person skilled in logic and reasoning.

Example

Aristotle is considered one of the greatest logicians in history.

C2 noun əˌdʌl.təˈreɪ.ʃən

adulteration

Meaning

The action of making something poorer in quality by the addition of another substance.

Example

Adulteration of food is a serious health risk.

C1 noun /bɜːrθ/

Berth

Meaning

a sleeping place in a ship, train, or other vehicle; a place where a ship can dock

Example

I booked an upper berth on the overnight train.

C2 adjective /njuːˈmætɪk/

pneumatic

Meaning

operated by air or gas under pressure

Example

The factory uses pneumatic tools for assembly.

C2 noun /ˈpɛdɪmənt/

pediment

Meaning

a triangular gable found above the horizontal structure of a building, often in classical architecture

Example

The ancient temple had a pediment decorated with sculptures.

C1 adjective /ɪnˈvɑːlənˌtɛri/

involuntary

Meaning

done without will or conscious control

Example

He gave an involuntary shiver when he heard the loud noise.

C2 noun /məˈdɒn.ə/

madonna

Meaning

An artistic representation of the Virgin Mary; also used as a respectful form of address for a woman in Italian culture.

Example

The Renaissance painting depicts a Madonna holding child Jesus.

B1 adverb /ˈfɔːtʃənətli/

fortunately

Meaning

by good luck; luckily

Example

Fortunately, no one was injured in the accident.

C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɛtʃ.u.əs/

impetuous

Meaning

Acting or done quickly and without thought or care; impulsive.

Example

His impetuous decision led to unexpected consequences.

B2 noun /dɪsˈpoʊzl/

disposal

Meaning

the action or process of getting rid of something

Example

The disposal of waste is crucial for maintaining a clean environment.

C2 adjective /ˈfækʃəs/

factious

Meaning

causing disagreement or division within a group; inclined to form factions

Example

The debate became factious, splitting the committee into rival camps.

B1 noun /ˈmiːtər/

meter

Meaning

A unit of length in the metric system equal to 100 centimeters; also, a device that measures quantity such as electricity or gas.

Example

The technician came to check the electricity meter.

C1 verb /səbˈsɪst/

subsist

Meaning

To maintain or support oneself, especially at a minimal level.

Example

Many villagers still subsist on fishing and farming.

C2 noun /ˌæprəˈbeɪʃən/

approbation

Meaning

approval or praise

Example

The plan won the approbation of the board members.

B2 noun, adjective /prɪˈmɪər/ or /ˈpriːmiər/

premier

Meaning

the head of government in some countries; first in importance or rank

Example

The French premier addressed the nation.

C1 adjective /ˈmoʊmənˌteri/

momentary

Meaning

Lasting for only a short time.

Example

There was a momentary silence in the room.

C1 noun ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl səˈpɔːrt

indispensable support

Meaning

Essential assistance that cannot be done without; absolutely necessary help.

Example

Volunteers provide indispensable support to communities.

A2 noun /ˈsɛlˌfoʊn/

cellphone

Meaning

a portable telephone that uses a cellular network for wireless communication

Example

She forgot her cellphone at home and couldn’t call anyone.

C2 noun /əˈrɔɪ.oʊ/

arroyo

Meaning

A dry creek or stream bed that temporarily fills with water after heavy rain.

Example

After the storm, the arroyo quickly filled with rushing water.

C1 adjective /ˈmiːɡər/

meager

Meaning

Lacking in quantity or quality; inadequate.

Example

He could barely survive on his meager salary.

B2 adjective ɪˈmɜː.sɪv

immersive

Meaning

Providing, involving, or characterized by deep absorption or immersion in something.

Example

Virtual reality creates an immersive learning environment.

C2 noun /dɪˈspɔɪlər/

despoiler

Meaning

A person who robs, plunders, or violently takes things from others.

Example

The despoilers left the city in ruins.

A1 noun /ˈvɛdʒ.tə.bəl/

vegetable

Meaning

a plant or part of a plant used as food

Example

I eat vegetables every day for health.

C1 adjective /ˈpɛndənt/

pendent

Meaning

hanging down or suspended

Example

The pendent branches touched the ground.

A2 adjective /ˈpriː.vi.əs/

Handful

Meaning

a quantity that fills the hand; a small number or amount; something difficult to control

Example

She grabbed a handful of nuts from the bowl before heading out for her walk.

C1 adjective /ˈtæn.tə.laɪ.zɪŋ/

Tantalizing

Meaning

tempting and attractive but out of reach

Example

The tantalizing aroma of fresh bread filled the bakery.

C1 adjective ˌɪn.təˈdɪs.ɪ.plɪ.nər.i

interdisciplinary

Meaning

Relating to more than one branch of knowledge.

Example

The interdisciplinary approach in education enhances problem-solving skills.

B1 noun /ˈsʌb.ɜːb/

Suburb

Meaning

a residential area outside the central part of a city; an outlying district of a city

Example

They moved to a quiet suburb to raise their children away from city noise.

C1 noun /ˈmɛləˌdrɑːmə/

melodrama

Meaning

A dramatic piece with exaggerated characters and exciting events intended to appeal to the emotions.

Example

The movie was criticized for its excessive melodrama.

C2 noun /ˈbɜːrɡər/

burgher

Meaning

A citizen of a town, typically a member of the wealthy middle class.

Example

The burgher was respected as a prosperous merchant in the city.

A1 noun /kiː/

Key

Meaning

a small piece of shaped metal used to operate a lock; something that provides a means of access

Example

She lost her house key and couldn't get inside until the locksmith arrived.

C1 adjective /ˈswoʊlən/

swollen

Meaning

Enlarged or puffed up, usually due to injury, inflammation, or fluid accumulation

Example

Her ankle was swollen after she twisted it during the hike.

B2 adjective /ˈɒnərəbəl/

honourable

Meaning

deserving respect or admiration because of moral integrity; showing honesty and fairness

Example

She is known as an honourable leader who always keeps her promises.