tundra
All a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
All CEFR A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2
Content locale
EN English BN Bengali HI Hindi ES Spanish FR French DE German RU Russian ZH Chinese JA Japanese
All Vocabulary Cards All Vocabularies
B2 noun /ˈtʌndrə/

tundra

Meaning
A vast, flat, treeless Arctic region where the subsoil is permanently frozen.
Example
Polar bears roam across the icy tundra.
B2 adjective /ˈmɛtrɪk/

metric

Meaning
Relating to the metric system of measurement; also, a standard of measurement used to assess performance.
Example
The company tracks success using clear performance metrics.
B2 adjective /bɪˈliːvəbl̩/

believable

Meaning
Able to be trusted or accepted as true or reasonable.
Example
Her story was so detailed that it sounded believable.
B2 adverb /əˈlɔːŋ.saɪd/

Alongside

Meaning
beside; next to; together with
Example
She walked alongside her friend through the park.
B2 verb /ˈkɪdnæp/

kidnap

Meaning
to take someone away illegally by force
Example
The criminals kidnapped the wealthy businessman.
B2 adjective /ˈtʃʌbi/

chubby

Meaning
slightly fat in a way that looks healthy and pleasant
Example
The baby has chubby cheeks.
B2 adjective /ˈniː.di/

Needy

Meaning
requiring help or support; poor; lacking basic necessities
Example
The charity helps needy families during the winter.
B2 noun /ɔːrˈɡæn.ɪk ˈfɑːr.mɪŋ/

organic farming

Meaning
Farming method that avoids synthetic chemicals and fertilizers, using natural methods instead.
Example
Organic farming improves soil health and reduces pollution.
B2 verb /ˈɔːdɪt/

audit

Meaning
to examine and verify financial records or accounts officially
Example
The accountant will audit the company's books next month.
B2 verb /daɪˈvɜːrt/

divert

Meaning
to turn aside from a course; to redirect or entertain
Example
The police diverted traffic to a side road.
B2 noun /ˈskʌlp.tʃər/

Sculpture

Meaning
the art of making objects by carving; a work of art made by carving
Example
The museum displays ancient Greek sculpture.
B2 adjective /poʊˈɛt.ɪk/

poetic

Meaning
having qualities of poetry; expressive, beautiful, or imaginative
Example
Her speech had a poetic rhythm that captivated the audience.
B2 noun /den/

Den

Meaning
a wild animal's lair or home; a small, comfortable room; a place for illegal activities
Example
The fox disappeared into its den when it sensed danger approaching.
B2 adjective /ˌrez.ɪˈden.ʃəl/

residential

Meaning
Designed for people to live in.
Example
The institution was fully residential.
B2 noun ˈsɜːrkjələr ɪˈkɒnəmi

circular economy

Meaning
An economic system aimed at eliminating waste and the continual use of resources through reuse, sharing, repair, refurbishment, remanufacturing and recycling.
Example
Adopting a circular economy can reduce waste.
B2 verb /ɪnˈsɜːrt/

insert

Meaning
to put or place something into something else
Example
Please insert the key into the lock.
B2 adjective /ˈprɪm.ɪ.tɪv/

Primitive

Meaning
ancient; basic; crude; undeveloped; simple
Example
The tribe still uses primitive tools for hunting and farming.
B2 noun /ˈdes.tə.ni/

Destiny

Meaning
the events that will necessarily happen to someone in the future; fate or predetermined course
Example
She believed that meeting him was her destiny and meant to be.
B2 noun /ˈrɛlɪvənsi/

relevancy

Meaning
the quality of being closely connected or appropriate
Example
The professor questioned the relevancy of the example to the topic.
B2 adjective /ˈtʃuːzi/

choosy

Meaning
very careful in choosing; selective
Example
She is very choosy about the clothes she wears.
B2 noun /ˌek.spɪˈdɪʃ.ən/

Expedition

Meaning
a journey undertaken by a group of people with a particular purpose; organized trip for exploration
Example
The mountain climbing expedition required months of careful planning and preparation.
B2 noun /fɔːrˈmeɪʃən/

formation

Meaning
the action of forming or process of being formed
Example
The formation of the new company took several months.
B2 adjective /ˌmænˈmeɪd/

manmade

Meaning
something created or built by humans rather than occurring naturally
Example
This lake is manmade, not natural.
B2 verb /ˈkɒmbæt/

combat

Meaning
to fight against something, especially to reduce or stop it
Example
The government is taking steps to combat corruption.
B2 verb /ˈspɛsɪfaɪ/

specify

Meaning
to state or describe something clearly and exactly
Example
Please specify the time and place of the meeting.
B2 adjective /ˌkɒm.plɪˈmen.tər.i/

Complimentary

Meaning
expressing praise or admiration; given or supplied free of charge as a courtesy
Example
The hotel offers complimentary breakfast for all guests.
B2 adjective /prəˈnaʊnst/

pronounced

Meaning
very noticeable or strongly marked
Example
There is a pronounced difference between the two styles.
B2 noun /dʒiˈɒl.ə.dʒi/

geology

Meaning
the science that deals with the Earth's physical structure and substances
Example
She studied geology to understand earthquakes.
B2 noun prəʊb

probe

Meaning
An unmanned exploratory spacecraft designed to transmit information about its environment.
Example
The probe collected data from the planet's surface.
B2 adjective /ˈwɜːrθˌwaɪl/

worthwhile

Meaning
worth the time, effort, or money spent; valuable
Example
Volunteering at the shelter was a worthwhile experience.
B2 noun/verb /ˈfɒs.tər.ɪŋ/

fostering

Meaning
The process of encouraging or promoting the development or growth of something; nurturing and caring for.
Example
Good teachers play a key role in fostering creativity in students.
B2 adjective /ˈfʌsi/

fussy

Meaning
hard to please; very concerned with details
Example
The child is very fussy about what she eats.
B2 noun/adjective /ˈkæpɪtəlɪst/

capitalist

Meaning
a person who supports or believes in capitalism; a wealthy business owner
Example
The capitalist believes in the freedom of the market.
B2 noun /hʌm/

Hum

Meaning
a low continuous sound; to make a low continuous droning sound
Example
The constant hum of the air conditioner helped her fall asleep peacefully.
B2 adverb /səˈfɪʃəntli/

sufficiently

Meaning
to an adequate degree or extent
Example
She studied sufficiently to pass the exam.
B2 verb /kəˈrɛspɒnd/

correspond

Meaning
to communicate by exchanging letters or messages
Example
I correspond regularly with my old friends.
B2 adjective /ˈnɑː.lɪ.dʒə.bəl/

Knowledgeable

Meaning
having extensive knowledge; well-informed; educated
Example
She is very knowledgeable about ancient history.
B2 noun /ˈsɛm.iˌsɜːr.kəl/

semicircle

Meaning
Half of a circle or something shaped like half of a circle.
Example
The students sat in a semicircle around the teacher.
B2 noun /ˈsʌ.plɪ.mənt/

Supplement

Meaning
something that completes or adds to something else; a dietary product
Example
She takes vitamin supplements to maintain her health.
B2 adverb /ˈkæʒ.u.ə.li/

Casually

Meaning
in a relaxed and informal way; without much thought or preparation
Example
He casually mentioned that he was leaving.
B2 noun ˈbentʃ.mɑːk

benchmark

Meaning
A standard or point of reference against which things may be compared or assessed.
Example
Sabah Al Ahmad Sea City sets a benchmark in sustainability.
B2 adjective /ˈpleɪfəl/

playful

Meaning
full of fun and high spirits; lively
Example
The puppy was very playful, running around the garden.
B2 adjective /ˈsiː.z ə n.əl/

Seasonal

Meaning
relating to or occurring in a particular season; changing according to the seasons
Example
Many businesses hire seasonal workers during the holidays.
B2 noun /ˈvel.vɪt/

Velvet

Meaning
a soft, luxurious fabric with a thick, short pile on one side
Example
The royal curtains were made of rich red velvet.
B2 verb /ɪmˈprɪzən/

imprison

Meaning
to put someone in prison; to confine or restrict someone's freedom
Example
The judge imprisoned the criminal for five years.
B2 noun /ˈɡæl.ək.siːz/

galaxies

Meaning
Large collections of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity.
Example
Distant galaxies hold clues about the early universe.
B2 noun /ˈtɔːr.ment/

Torment

Meaning
severe physical or mental suffering; extreme pain or anguish
Example
The prisoner endured years of torment in solitary confinement.
B2 adjective /ˌmiː.diˈiː.vəl/

medieval

Meaning
Relating to the Middle Ages, the period in European history from about the 5th to the 15th century.
Example
The castle is a famous medieval monument.
B2 noun /frɒk/

Frock

Meaning
a dress, especially a simple or casual one for women or children
Example
The little girl wore a pink frock to her birthday party.
B2 noun /pʌls/

Pulse

Meaning
edible seeds of leguminous plants such as lentils, beans, and peas
Example
Pulses are an excellent source of protein for vegetarians.
B2 noun /ˈmʌs.tərd/

Mustard

Meaning
A pungent seed or condiment made from ground mustard seeds
Example
She added mustard seeds to the curry for extra flavor.
B2 adjective /ʌnˈberəbəl/

Unbearable

Meaning
too painful, annoying, or unpleasant to tolerate; impossible to endure
Example
The heat in the desert was unbearable.
B2 noun, verb /ˈblɒsəm/

blossom

Meaning
a flower or mass of flowers on a tree or plant; to develop or flourish
Example
The small garden began to blossom in spring.
B2 verb /kənˈsɜːrv/

conserve

Meaning
to protect something from harm or destruction; to use resources carefully to avoid waste
Example
We must conserve water during the dry season.
B2 adverb /ˈmɪzərəbli/

Miserably

Meaning
in a wretched or unhappy manner; extremely badly
Example
The team performed miserably in the championship.
B2 adjective /ˈnjuː.mər.əs/

Numerous

Meaning
existing in large numbers; many; abundant
Example
There are numerous benefits to exercising regularly.
B2 noun /ˈpæd.i/

Paddy

Meaning
rice in its natural state before processing; a field where rice is grown
Example
The farmers worked hard in the paddy fields during harvest season.
B2 noun /ˈbʊlɪt/

Bullet

Meaning
a metal projectile fired from a gun
Example
The bullet missed its target and hit the wall.
B2 noun /ˈdiːtʊr/

detour

Meaning
A longer or less direct route taken to avoid something or reach a destination.
Example
We had to take a detour because the main road was closed.
B2 noun /pʌntʃ/

Punch

Meaning
a tool used for making holes or indentations in materials
Example
The carpenter used a punch to make holes in the leather.
B2 noun ɪnˈdev.ər

endeavor

Meaning
An attempt to achieve a goal; a serious determined effort.
Example
The endeavor to innovate space tourism is ambitious.
B2 adjective, noun /ɪzˈreɪli/

israeli

Meaning
relating to Israel or its people; a person from Israel
Example
She works for an Israeli company.
B2 noun, verb /bəˈfeɪ/ (noun), /ˈbʌfɪt/ (verb)

buffet

Meaning
A meal where guests serve themselves from a variety of dishes arranged on a table; also means to strike repeatedly (as a verb).
Example
We enjoyed a large buffet at the wedding reception.
B2 verb /ˈskrɪbəl/

scribble

Meaning
to write or draw carelessly or quickly
Example
The child scribbled all over the wall.
B2 noun /ˈsɪmfəni/

Symphony

Meaning
an elaborate musical composition for full orchestra, typically in four movements
Example
The orchestra performed Beethoven's Fifth Symphony.
B2 noun /ˈkreɪ.dəl/

Cradle

Meaning
a small bed for a baby, especially one that rocks from side to side
Example
The baby sleeps peacefully in the cradle.
B2 noun ˈkærɪktər dɪˈvɛləpmənt

character development

Meaning
The process of creating a believable character in fiction by giving the character depth and personality.
Example
The character development of Sydney Carton is profound.
B2 noun /pərˈfek.ʃən/

Perfection

Meaning
the state of being complete and without flaws; the highest degree of excellence
Example
The artist spent years trying to achieve perfection in his paintings.
B2 noun /ˈɡɑːr.di.ən/

Guardian

Meaning
a defender, protector, or keeper; a person legally responsible for the care of someone unable to manage their own affairs
Example
After her parents died, her uncle became her legal guardian and took care of her.
B2 noun, verb /əˈsɔːlt/

assault

Meaning
a physical attack or to attack someone violently
Example
He was charged with assault after the fight.
B2 noun ˈhæb.ɪt fɔːrˌmeɪ.ʃən

habit formation

Meaning
The process of creating a habit through regular practice and repetition.
Example
Habit formation requires consistency and discipline.
B2 adjective /lɑːrdʒ skeɪl/

large-scale

Meaning
involving a large number or quantity, or covering a large area
Example
The company is planning a large-scale expansion into international markets.
B2 noun /klɔː/

Claw

Meaning
sharp curved nail on the foot of an animal or bird
Example
The cat extended its sharp claws to climb the tree.
B2 noun /ˈʃepərd/

Shepherd

Meaning
a person who tends and guards sheep
Example
The shepherd guided his flock to the green pasture.
B2 noun /ˈsɪɡ.nəlz/

signals

Meaning
A gesture, action, or sound conveying information or instructions.
Example
Signals from deep space were detected last week.
B2 noun /ˈæbi/

abbey

Meaning
A large church building or monastery where monks or nuns live, work, and worship.
Example
The old abbey on the hill attracts many tourists each year.
B2 noun /dɪˈnaɪ.əl/

Denial

Meaning
the action of declaring something to be untrue; refusal to acknowledge something
Example
His denial of involvement in the scandal was met with skepticism.
B2 verb /səbˈtrækt/

subtract

Meaning
to take away a number or amount from another number or amount
Example
If you subtract 5 from 10, you get 5.
B2 verb /ɪnˈflɪkt/

inflict

Meaning
to cause something unpleasant or painful to be suffered by someone or something
Example
The storm inflicted considerable damage to the city.
B2 noun /ˈdʒoʊ.kər/

Joker

Meaning
a playing card with a picture of a jester, used as a wild card; a person who is fond of joking
Example
He used the joker card to complete his winning hand in the poker game.
B2 noun /droʊn/

Drone

Meaning
a male bee that does not work and whose only function is to mate with the queen
Example
The drone bees do not collect honey like worker bees.
B2 noun ˌrɛzɪɡˈneɪʃən

resignation

Meaning
The acceptance of something undesirable but inevitable; giving up.
Example
Her resignation from the position was unexpected.
B2 verb /ˈtɛmpər/

temper

Meaning
to moderate, soften, or tone down something; also to strengthen by heat treatment (as in metal).
Example
She tried to temper her criticism with kindness.
B2 verb /ˈɡʌvərn/

govern

Meaning
to control and direct the public policy and affairs of a state, organization, or people
Example
The president governs the country wisely.
B2 noun /mɑːrz/

Mars

Meaning
The fourth planet from the Sun; the Roman god of war
Example
Scientists are planning a manned mission to Mars in the next decade.
B2 noun/verb /ræft/

raft

Meaning
A flat structure made of logs or planks tied together, used as a boat or floating platform; to travel or transport on such a structure.
Example
They built a raft to cross the river.
B2 verb /pəˈluːt/

pollute

Meaning
to make air, water, or land dirty and harmful to people, animals, and plants
Example
Factories pollute the environment with toxic chemicals.
B2 adjective /θiˈætrɪkl/

theatrical

Meaning
Relating to the theater or exaggerated and dramatic in behavior or style.
Example
Her theatrical performance won the audience's applause.
B2 adjective /ˈdʒɒli/

jolly

Meaning
Full of good humor and cheerfulness.
Example
The children were in a jolly mood at the party.
B2 noun /prəˈtɛstər/

protester

Meaning
a person who takes part in a protest or demonstration
Example
The protester spoke passionately about the cause.
B2 verb ˈtrænsfɔːrm

transform

Meaning
To change in form, appearance, or structure; metamorphose.
Example
Volunteering can transform lives and communities.
B2 noun /tɪˈlɑpiə fɪʃ/

Tilapia fish

Meaning
a freshwater fish native to Africa, widely farmed for food due to its mild taste and fast growth
Example
Tilapia fish is one of the most commonly farmed fish species worldwide.
B2 noun /ˈbækɪŋ/

Backing

Meaning
help or support; financial or material support
Example
The project received backing from several major investors.
B2 noun, adjective /hjuːˌmænɪˈtɛəriən/

humanitarian

Meaning
A person who seeks to promote human welfare, or something relating to human welfare and compassion.
Example
The organization provides humanitarian aid to disaster victims.
B2 noun /mɪnt/

Mint

Meaning
An aromatic plant used for flavoring; also a place where money is manufactured
Example
She added fresh mint leaves to the tea for a refreshing taste.
B2 verb /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/

distinguish

Meaning
to recognize or show the differences between two or more things; to set apart as different
Example
It can be difficult to distinguish between truth and rumor.
B2 noun /ˈlɒtəri/

lottery

Meaning
A means of raising money by selling numbered tickets and giving prizes to the holders of numbers drawn at random.
Example
He won a car in the national lottery.
B2 noun /bɪˈtreɪəl/

Betrayal

Meaning
the action of betraying one's country, group, or person; disloyalty
Example
His betrayal of their friendship hurt her deeply.
B2 adjective dʒəˈnet.ɪk

genetic

Meaning
Relating to genes or heredity; concerning the transmission of inherited characteristics.
Example
Genetic traits influence physical characteristics.
B2 noun /ˈwɒndərər/

Wanderer

Meaning
a person who travels aimlessly; someone who roams from place to place
Example
The wanderer explored different countries without a fixed destination.
B2 adjective /ɪˈmjuːn/

immune

Meaning
protected from disease or from the effects of something
Example
Children who are vaccinated are immune to many diseases.
B2 noun /tɛkˈnɪʃən/

technician

Meaning
a person skilled in the practical aspects of a particular science, art, or job
Example
The technician repaired the computer within an hour.
B2 noun /trænzˈmɪʃən/

transmission

Meaning
the act of sending, passing, or spreading something such as information, energy, or disease
Example
The transmission of data over the internet is very fast.
B2 verb /ɪnˈheɪl/

inhale

Meaning
to breathe in; to draw air into the lungs
Example
Take a deep breath and inhale slowly.
B2 adjective /ˌhaɪ ˈtɛk/

high-tech

Meaning
using or involving advanced technology.
Example
The company produces high-tech medical devices.
B2 adverb /ˌnɒnˈstɒp/

Non-stop

Meaning
continuing without stopping; without interruption
Example
The train traveled non-stop from London to Paris.
B2 noun /əˈsaɪləm/

asylum

Meaning
Protection or shelter, especially given to refugees or the mentally ill.
Example
The refugees sought asylum in the neighboring country.
B2 noun /ˈpɒm.ɪˌɡræn.ɪt/

Pomegranate

Meaning
a round fruit with thick red skin containing many small red seeds with juice
Example
The pomegranate seeds were sweet and refreshing.
B2 noun /ˈɔɪ.stər/

Oyster

Meaning
a type of shellfish that can be eaten and sometimes contains pearls
Example
She ordered fresh oysters at the seafood restaurant.
B2 verb /dɪˈpraɪv/

deprive

Meaning
to take something away from someone, or prevent them from having it
Example
The new law may deprive people of their rights.
B2 verb /ɪnˈʃʊər/

insure

Meaning
to provide insurance; to make certain
Example
I need to insure my new car.
B2 adjective, verb /əbˈskjʊr/

obscure

Meaning
Not clearly expressed or understood; to make something difficult to see or understand.
Example
The meaning of the poem was obscure to most readers.
B2 noun /ˈmɔːl.tə/

Malta

Meaning
a sweet citrus fruit similar to orange, also known as blood orange or sweet orange
Example
Malta is a popular citrus fruit in Bangladesh known for its sweet taste and high vitamin C content.
B2 noun /ˈes.əns/

Essence

Meaning
the intrinsic nature or indispensable quality of something
Example
The essence of good teaching is the ability to inspire students.
B2 noun /əbˈdʒek.ʃən/

Objection

Meaning
an expression of disagreement or disapproval; a reason for disagreeing
Example
The lawyer raised an objection during the trial.
B2 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈzɪstəbəl/

Irresistible

Meaning
too attractive and tempting to be resisted; impossible to resist
Example
The chocolate cake was absolutely irresistible.
B2 noun /ˌnɔːrθˈiːst/

northeast

Meaning
the direction between north and east; a region or area located in that direction.
Example
The storm is moving toward the northeast.
B2 adjective /ˈpɛti/

petty

Meaning
Of little importance or trivial; also describes a person overly concerned with small or unimportant matters.
Example
She often gets upset over the most petty things.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈtɛnsɪv/

intensive

Meaning
Involving a lot of effort, energy, or concentration in a short period of time.
Example
She attended an intensive English course before moving abroad.
B2 adjective ˌtek.nəˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl

technological

Meaning
Relating to or involving technology, especially scientific technology.
Example
Technological advancements enable futuristic projects.
B2 noun ɪˈlɪtərəsi

illiteracy

Meaning
The inability to read and write; lack of education or knowledge in a particular area.
Example
Illiteracy often leads to poverty and unemployment.