Touchy
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C1 adjective /ˈtʌtʃi/

Touchy

Meaning
easily upset or offended; overly sensitive
Example
He's very touchy about his height.
C2 noun /priˈɛmpʃən/

preemption

Meaning
The act of taking action before someone else; the right to purchase or act before others.
Example
The company exercised preemption to acquire the land before competitors.
B2 noun /ˈtɔːr.ment/

Torment

Meaning
severe physical or mental suffering; extreme pain or anguish
Example
The prisoner endured years of torment in solitary confinement.
C2 verb /ɪˈluːmɪn/

illumine

Meaning
to light up or make clear
Example
The rising sun illumined the mountain peaks.
A2 adjective /ˈnɔːti/

naughty

Meaning
Disobedient or mischievous, often in a playful or mildly bad way.
Example
The naughty child drew on the walls with crayons.
C1 noun /əˌfɪl.iˈeɪ.ʃən/

affiliation

Meaning
The state or process of affiliating or being affiliated; a connection or association.
Example
His affiliation with the company lasted for a decade.
C2 noun /ˈlɪθəˌtaɪp/

lithotype

Meaning
a printing surface or type made for lithography
Example
The printer used a lithotype to produce multiple copies of the design.
B1 noun /ˈbaɪbəl/

bible

Meaning
the Christian scriptures consisting of the Old and New Testaments; also used for any authoritative book
Example
She reads the Bible every morning.
C1 noun /blæk plʌm/

Black plum

Meaning
a dark purple or black colored edible fruit with sweet and sour taste
Example
I picked some fresh black plums from the tree in our backyard.
B1 verb /dɪˈlɪvər/

deliver

Meaning
to bring or hand over something to the intended recipient
Example
The courier will deliver the package tomorrow.
B1 noun /laɪt ˈkʌlər/

Light Colour

Meaning
a pale or bright shade of any color
Example
The walls were painted in light colours to make the room look bigger.
C1 noun /ˈhɛrəsi/

heresy

Meaning
belief or opinion that goes against established religious doctrine or accepted beliefs.
Example
In medieval times, heresy was often punished severely.
C2 adjective /ʌnˈtiːtʃəbəl/

unteachable

Meaning
not able or willing to learn; resistant to instruction or guidance
Example
He was so stubborn that he became almost unteachable.
C2 adjective /ˈsɪbɪlənt/

sibilant

Meaning
Making or characterized by a hissing sound.
Example
The word 'snake' starts with a sibilant sound.
B2 noun ˌkʌl.tɪˈveɪ.ʃən

cultivation

Meaning
The practice of preparing and using land for crops or gardening; the action of improving or developing something.
Example
The cultivation of organic crops has increased worldwide.
C2 noun /ˈdʒʌɡjələr/

jugular

Meaning
A large vein in the neck that carries blood from the head back to the heart.
Example
The doctor checked the patient's jugular vein for signs of pressure.
B2 noun /ˈɔːɡən/

organ

Meaning
a part of the body that performs a specific function
Example
The heart is an important organ in the human body.
A2 verb /diːl/

deal

Meaning
to distribute or give out something; to handle or manage
Example
He had to deal with many problems at work.
C1 verb /ˌkɒndɪˈsɛnd/

condescend

Meaning
to behave as if one is superior while being gracious to others
Example
He would not condescend to answer such a trivial question.
C1 noun /ˈtrɛʒərər/

treasurer

Meaning
a person responsible for managing the financial affairs of an organization
Example
The treasurer presented the annual financial report.
C2 adjective /dɪˈkɔːrəs/

decourous

Meaning
characterized by propriety, good taste, and proper manners
Example
She maintained a decourous silence during the ceremony.
B2 noun /dɪˌtɜː.mɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

determination

Meaning
Firmness of purpose; the quality of being determined; resolve.
Example
His determination to succeed was unwavering.
B2 verb /ɪɡˈzɔːst/

exhaust

Meaning
to tire out completely; to use up resources
Example
The long journey exhausted the children.
C1 adjective /moʊv/

mauve

Meaning
a pale purple color with a grayish or bluish tinge
Example
She wore a beautiful mauve dress to the party.
C2 noun /ˌsuːdəˈnɪmɪti/

pseudonymity

Meaning
the practice or state of using a pseudonym
Example
The author maintained pseudonymity throughout her career.
C1 noun /ˌtes.tɪˈmoʊ.ni.əl/

Testimonial

Meaning
a formal statement testifying to someone's character and qualifications
Example
The professor wrote a glowing testimonial for her former student.
A2 noun /klaʊd/

Cloud

Meaning
a visible mass of condensed water vapour floating in the atmosphere above the ground
Example
Dark clouds gathered before the storm.
A2 verb /ˈɔːfər/

offer

Meaning
to present something for acceptance or rejection; to propose
Example
She offered to help with the project.
A2 noun; adverb /pərˈsɛnt/

percent

Meaning
a proportion out of one hundred; by each hundred
Example
Sales increased by ten percent this year.
C1 noun /ɪkˈspoʊnənt/

exponent

Meaning
a person who supports, promotes, or explains an idea; in math, a symbol denoting power
Example
She is a leading exponent of modern dance.
B1 noun /wɪdθ/

Width

Meaning
the measurement or extent of something from side to side; breadth
Example
The width of the river is about 50 meters.
C1 adjective /ˈkɔːʃənˌɛri/

cautionary

Meaning
serving as a warning; intended to prevent problems or mistakes by giving advice or examples
Example
The report offers a cautionary message about unchecked spending.
C2 adjective /ˈhɔːrtətɔːri/

hortatory

Meaning
Intended to encourage or urge to action.
Example
The manager’s hortatory words inspired the team to work harder.
B2 noun ˈfeɪs tə ˈfeɪs ˈbætl

face-to-face battle

Meaning
A direct confrontation or fight between opposing forces.
Example
The warriors fought a face-to-face battle with the enemies.
B2 noun /ˈmɑːrkɪtˌpleɪs/

marketplace

Meaning
a place where goods and services are bought and sold; an open area for trade
Example
The town's marketplace is crowded every Friday morning.
C1 noun /stɪnt/

stint

Meaning
a period of time spent doing a particular job or activity
Example
She did a short stint as a teacher before moving abroad.
C2 noun /bænˈdænə/

bandanna

Meaning
A large, often brightly colored handkerchief, typically worn on the head or around the neck.
Example
He tied a red bandanna around his neck.
B2 adjective /dɪˈzɜːrtɪd/

deserted

Meaning
Empty of people; abandoned.
Example
The village looked completely deserted after the storm.
C1 adjective /ˌpriːdɪˈspoʊzd/

predisposed

Meaning
Likely or inclined to be affected by something in advance.
Example
She is predisposed to trust people easily.
B1 verb /dɪɡ/

dig

Meaning
to break up and move earth with a tool or machine, or with hands, paws, etc.
Example
They decided to dig a hole for the new tree.
C2 noun /ˈhʌstɪŋz/

hustings

Meaning
the political campaigning and speeches before an election
Example
The candidate gained popularity during the hustings.
B2 adjective /ˈsoʊ.vi.ət/

soviet

Meaning
relating to the Soviet Union or its government
Example
The Soviet era saw significant changes in Eastern Europe.
B2 noun ˈhæb.ɪt fɔːrˌmeɪ.ʃən

habit formation

Meaning
The process of creating a habit through regular practice and repetition.
Example
Habit formation requires consistency and discipline.
C1 noun/verb /ɪˈstiːm/

esteem

Meaning
Respect and admiration, typically for a person.
Example
She is held in high esteem by her colleagues.
C2 noun /ˈdʒɪŋɡoʊ/

jingo

Meaning
a person who strongly supports warlike or aggressive foreign policy; an extreme nationalist
Example
The leader was criticized as a reckless jingo.
B2 noun /rʌst/

Rust

Meaning
reddish-brown coating formed on iron or steel by oxidation; corrosion
Example
The old car was covered in rust after years of neglect.
B1 noun /ˈsɛkʃən/

section

Meaning
a distinct part or subdivision of something larger
Example
This section of the report needs further review.
C1 noun /djuːn/

dune

Meaning
A hill or ridge of sand formed by the wind, usually found in deserts or near beaches.
Example
The children played on the sand dune by the beach.
C2 noun /ˌɪnsjəˈlærəti/

insularity

Meaning
The state of being isolated or narrow-minded.
Example
The insularity of the group prevented them from accepting new ideas.
C2 noun /ˌbɒmbərˈdɪər/

bombardier

Meaning
a member of a bomber crew responsible for releasing bombs
Example
The bombardier released the bombs with precision.
C1 noun /ˈʌndərdɒɡ/

underdog

Meaning
a competitor thought to have little chance of winning; a weaker party in a contest
Example
The underdog team surprised everyone by winning the championship.
C1 noun ɪnˈdɪdʒɪnəs trəˈdɪʃənz

Indigenous Traditions

Meaning
Cultural practices, beliefs, and customs that have been passed down through generations among native peoples.
Example
Indigenous traditions in the Chittagong Hill Tracts are unique.
B1 adjective /ˈvæljʊəbl/

Valuable

Meaning
worth a great deal of money; extremely useful or important
Example
The painting is very valuable and worth millions.
B2 adjective /ʌnˈkɒn.ʃəs/

Unconscious

Meaning
not awake and aware of one's surroundings; done or existing without one realizing
Example
The patient was unconscious for several hours after the surgery.
A1 determiner/pronoun /iːtʃ/

each

Meaning
every one of two or more people or things considered separately
Example
Each student received a certificate.
C1 verb /ˈæn.ɛks/

annex

Meaning
To take control of a territory and add it to one's own.
Example
The empire annexed the neighboring kingdom after the war.
B2 verb /ˈwiːkən/

Weaken

Meaning
to make or become less strong or powerful
Example
The illness weakened his immune system significantly.
C2 noun /ˈænɪ siːd/

Ani seed

Meaning
Small aromatic seeds used as a spice and for medicinal purposes, with a sweet licorice-like flavor
Example
Anise seeds are often used in traditional desserts and teas.
A2 noun /ˈrʌnɪŋ/

running

Meaning
the action or sport of running
Example
Running every morning keeps me healthy.
C2 adjective /nɑːrld/

gnarled

Meaning
Twisted, rough, and knotted, especially with age.
Example
The old man had gnarled hands from years of hard work.
C2 verb /ˌɪmpɔːrˈtuːn/

importune

Meaning
To ask someone persistently or pressingly for something
Example
The child importuned his mother for a new toy.
A1 noun /θæŋks/

thanks

Meaning
an expression of gratitude
Example
Thanks for helping me with the project.
C2 noun /djuːˈɛnə/

duenna

Meaning
an older woman acting as a governess or chaperone, especially in Spanish families
Example
The young lady was accompanied by a duenna during the festival.
A2 /ˈmaɪ.krəˌfoʊn/

microphone

Meaning
A device that converts sound into an electrical signal, typically used to amplify or record voices or music.
Example
She spoke into the microphone during the presentation.
C1 adverb /ˈfɜː.vənt.li/

Fervently

Meaning
with passionate intensity; ardently; with great emotion or enthusiasm
Example
She fervently hoped that her dreams would come true.
A1 noun /mæn/

man

Meaning
an adult human male
Example
The man helped the child cross the street.
C1 adjective /ˈnjuː.ɑːnst/

nuanced

Meaning
Characterized by subtle shades of meaning or expression; having fine gradations of meaning, tone, or feeling.
Example
His analysis of the novel was highly nuanced.
B1 verb /ɪmˈpɔːrt/

import

Meaning
to bring goods or services into a country from abroad; to transfer data
Example
The country imports oil from abroad.
C1 noun /ˌpɜːsəˈnælɪzeɪʃən/

personalization

Meaning
The action of making something personal or individual; customization.
Example
Personalization in marketing improves customer engagement.
C2 adjective /ˌen.zɪˈmæt.ɪk/

enzymatic

Meaning
Relating to or involving enzymes, which are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions in living organisms.
Example
Enzymatic reactions regulate metabolism in the human body.
C1 noun /ˈkɔːrdən/

cordon

Meaning
a line or circle of police, soldiers, or guards preventing access
Example
The police set up a cordon around the crime scene.
B2 noun /ˈsɪnənɪm/

Synonym

Meaning
a word or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another word or phrase in the same language
Example
Happy and joyful are synonyms.
C2 noun /ˈpɜːrtnəs/

pertness

Meaning
boldness or forwardness in speech or behavior; sauciness
Example
Her pertness during the meeting surprised everyone.
B2 adjective /ˈθɜːrməl/

thermal

Meaning
Related to heat or temperature.
Example
She wore a thermal jacket to stay warm in winter.
C1 verb /dɪsˈmæntəl/

dismantle

Meaning
to take apart; to remove or destroy the parts of
Example
Workers will dismantle the old bridge next month.
B2 noun /ˌɑb.lɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/

Obligation

Meaning
a duty or commitment; something that must be done legally or morally
Example
Parents have an obligation to care for their children.
A1 noun /ˈrɛst(ə)rɒnt/

restaurant

Meaning
a place where meals are prepared and served to customers
Example
We went to the restaurant for dinner.
C2 adjective /ˈvɛəriəˌɡeɪtɪd/

variegated

Meaning
Having different colors, especially in irregular patches or streaks.
Example
The garden was full of variegated plants.
B2 verb /fjuːz/

fuse

Meaning
To join or blend two or more things together into one.
Example
The two metals fused under high heat.
B1 noun /ˈfaɪəˌfaɪtə/

firefighter

Meaning
a person whose job is to put out fires
Example
The firefighter saved the family from the burning building.
C1 noun /ˌæntiˈklaɪmæks/

anticlimax

Meaning
A disappointing end after a big build-up of excitement or expectation.
Example
The movie's ending was an anticlimax after such a thrilling story.
B1 noun /twiːt/

Tweet

Meaning
a short high-pitched sound made by a small bird; a post on Twitter
Example
I heard the sweet tweet of a sparrow this morning.
C1 adjective /rɪˈsɜːrdʒənt/

resurgent

Meaning
Becoming strong, active, or popular again.
Example
The resurgent economy gave hope to many businesses.
B1 noun /vəˈraɪəti/

Variety

Meaning
the quality of being different or diverse; a number of things of the same general class that are distinct in character or quality
Example
The restaurant offers a wide variety of international dishes.
C2 noun /ɪmˈpjuːɪsəns/

impuissance

Meaning
inability to take effective action; helplessness
Example
The government’s impuissance in the face of crisis frustrated the people.
C1 verb /sərˈmaʊnt/

surmount

Meaning
to overcome a difficulty or obstacle
Example
He surmounted all the challenges to achieve his dream.
B2 noun ˌdiː.fɒr.ɪˈsteɪ.ʃən

deforestation

Meaning
The action of clearing a wide area of trees; the permanent destruction of forests in order to make the land available for other uses.
Example
Deforestation accelerates the loss of biodiversity.
B1 noun /ˌek.spləˈneɪ.ʃən/

Explanation

Meaning
a statement or account that makes something clear; clarification of meaning
Example
The teacher gave a detailed explanation of the complex mathematical concept.
B2 adjective /ˈstɜːrdi/

sturdy

Meaning
strongly and solidly built; not easily weakened
Example
The carpenter made a sturdy wooden table.
B2 verb ˈeksɪkjuːt

execute

Meaning
To carry out or put into effect a plan, order, or course of action.
Example
NASA plans to execute the mission in three phases.
B1 noun /ɪˈdɪʃən/

edition

Meaning
a particular version or printing of a book, newspaper, or other publication
Example
The latest edition of the magazine sold out quickly.
B1 adjective /ˈvɪz.ə.bəl/

Visible

Meaning
able to be seen; noticeable; apparent
Example
The mountain peak was clearly visible from our hotel room.
B1 noun /rɪst/

Wrist

Meaning
the joint connecting the hand with the forearm
Example
He wore a watch on his wrist.
C1 adjective /ˈnɑːkʃəs/

noxious

Meaning
harmful, poisonous, or very unpleasant
Example
The factory released noxious fumes into the air.
B2 noun /vaɪs/

Vice

Meaning
an immoral or wicked behavior; a moral failing or fault
Example
Smoking is his only vice.
C2 noun /ˈprɛʃəns/ or /ˈpriːʃəns/

prescience

Meaning
the ability to know or predict what will happen in the future
Example
Her prescience about market trends saved the company.
B2 adjective /ˈfoʊni/

phony

Meaning
not genuine; fraudulent or insincere
Example
He gave a phony smile to hide his true feelings.
B2 verb /prəˈkleɪm/

proclaim

Meaning
to announce something publicly or officially, especially something important
Example
The president proclaimed a national day of mourning.
B2 verb /kəˈlæps/

collapse

Meaning
to fall down or inward suddenly; to break down completely
Example
The old building collapsed after the earthquake.
C2 noun /nɛˈkroʊsɪs/

necrosis

Meaning
the death of body tissue due to disease, injury, or lack of blood supply
Example
The doctor explained that the patient’s wound showed signs of necrosis.
C1 adjective /ˈɡɑːrdɪd/

guarded

Meaning
Cautious and careful in speech or action, often to avoid giving too much away.
Example
He gave a guarded reply to the journalist.
C1 verb /blɜːrt/

blurt

Meaning
to say something suddenly without thinking
Example
He blurts out the secret accidentally.
B2 noun /stɔːrk/

Stork

Meaning
large wading bird with long legs and a long neck
Example
The stork built its nest on top of the tall chimney.
C2 adjective /ɡrɪˈɡɛəriəs/

gregarious

Meaning
Fond of company; sociable.
Example
She is a gregarious person who loves meeting new people.
B2 adjective, noun /ˈsɪŋɡjələr/

singular

Meaning
Remarkable, extraordinary; or grammatical form referring to one person or thing.
Example
She has a singular talent for painting.
A2 noun /ˈɔːdiəʊ/

audio

Meaning
sound, especially when recorded or transmitted
Example
The audio quality of the podcast was excellent.
C2 noun /ɪˈfrʌntəri/

effrontery

Meaning
shameless or rude boldness
Example
He had the effrontery to lie even when caught red-handed.
C2 noun /ˌɛksɪˈɡjuːɪti/

exiguity

Meaning
the quality of being scanty or meager in amount
Example
The exiguity of resources made the project difficult to complete.
C2 noun /ˌjuːnɪˈtɛəriən/

unitarian

Meaning
A person who believes that God exists as one entity rather than as a Trinity; a member of a religious denomination that emphasizes individual freedom of belief.
Example
The Unitarian church is known for its inclusive and open-minded approach.
A2 noun /ɡəʊlz/

goals

Meaning
Objectives or targets that someone aims to achieve.
Example
Achieving development goals requires cooperation.
B2 noun ɪnˈdev.ər

endeavor

Meaning
An attempt to achieve a goal; a serious determined effort.
Example
The endeavor to innovate space tourism is ambitious.
C1 noun /bɪz/

Biz

Meaning
business (informal); commercial enterprise or activity
Example
He's been in the restaurant biz for twenty years.
A2 adjective /skaɪ bluː/

Sky-blue

Meaning
a bright blue color like that of a clear sky
Example
Her sky-blue eyes sparkled in the sunlight.
A2 noun /ˌkɒnvəˈseɪʃn/

conversation

Meaning
an informal talk between two or more people, in which ideas, feelings, and thoughts are exchanged
Example
We had a long conversation about future plans.
C1 noun /sɔɪl ˈmæn.ɪdʒ.mənt/

soil management

Meaning
The application of operations, practices, and treatments to protect soil and enhance its performance.
Example
Proper soil management improves long-term agricultural productivity.
A2 noun /θɔːts/

thoughts

Meaning
An idea or opinion produced by thinking, or occurring suddenly in the mind.
Example
Focus your thoughts on positive outcomes.
C2 noun /məˈlæsɪz/

Molasses

Meaning
thick, dark, sweet syrup made from sugar cane
Example
The recipe calls for molasses to give the bread a rich flavor.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈtʌtʃəbəl/

Untouchable

Meaning
not able to be touched or affected; beyond criticism or attack
Example
The CEO seemed untouchable despite the scandal.
C2 noun /ˈswɑːvɪti/

suavity

Meaning
smoothness and charm in manner
Example
His suavity made him popular in social gatherings.
A2 preposition /əˈpɒn/

upon

Meaning
on or immediately after
Example
Upon hearing the news, he rushed to the hospital.
B2 adjective /ˈroʊlɪŋ/

rolling

Meaning
moving in gentle undulations; moving forward by turning over and over
Example
They drove through the rolling hills of the countryside.