A1 preposition /tuː/

to

Meaning

used for expressing motion or direction

Example

She is going to the market.

C1 verb /trænˈskraɪb/

transcribe

Meaning

to make a written copy of spoken words or notes

Example

The secretary transcribed the meeting minutes.

C2 adjective /ˈtjuːtɪlɑːr/

tutelar

Meaning

Serving as a guardian or protector.

Example

The tutelar spirit of the forest was believed to protect travelers.

B2 adjective /ˈθɔːr.ni/

Thorny

Meaning

having thorns; difficult to handle or deal with

Example

The thorny issue of budget cuts needs careful consideration.

B1 noun /tuː θɜːrdz/

two-thirds

Meaning

a fraction equal to two parts of three; 2/3.

Example

Two-thirds of the students passed the exam.

B2 noun /ˈten.dən.si/

Tendency

Meaning

an inclination toward a particular characteristic or type of behavior

Example

She has a tendency to arrive late for meetings.

C2 verb /trænˈspoʊz/

transpose

Meaning

to change the order or position of something

Example

The editor transposed two paragraphs in the article.

C1 adjective tɪˈneɪ.ʃəs

tenacious

Meaning

Not readily letting go of, giving up, or separated from an object that one holds, a position, or a principle; persistent.

Example

Her tenacious spirit helped her overcome hardships.

A2 pronoun /ðəmˈsɛlvz/

themselves

Meaning

used to emphasize the subject of the sentence or to refer to the subject doing something to itself

Example

They fixed the problem themselves.

B2 noun /tɪˈlɑpiə fɪʃ/

Tilapia fish

Meaning

a freshwater fish native to Africa, widely farmed for food due to its mild taste and fast growth

Example

Tilapia fish is one of the most commonly farmed fish species worldwide.

B1 noun /tɛkˈniːk/

technique

Meaning

A particular way of carrying out a task, especially with skill.

Example

She learned a new breathing technique in yoga class.

C2 noun /ˈtrɒɡlədaɪt/

troglodyte

Meaning

A person who lives in a cave or is considered old-fashioned and out of touch.

Example

Some called him a troglodyte for refusing to use modern technology.

B2 noun /taɪm/

thyme

Meaning

A small aromatic herb used in cooking and medicine.

Example

She sprinkled thyme on the roasted chicken.

A1 noun /triː/

tree

Meaning

a large plant with a trunk, branches, and leaves

Example

The tree in our backyard is over a hundred years old.

B2 verb /θraɪv/

thrive

Meaning

to grow, develop, or be successful

Example

Small businesses can thrive with proper support.

C1 adjective /ˈtɛmpərd/

tempered

Meaning

having a specified temper or disposition; strengthened or moderated.

Example

She gave a tempered response to the criticism.

C1 adjective /ˈtɒp.məʊst/

Topmost

Meaning

highest in position or rank

Example

The flag was placed on the topmost branch of the tree.

B2 adjective /ˈtrɒp.ɪ.kəl/

tropical

Meaning

Relating to the tropics; characterized by hot and humid climate.

Example

The Amazon rainforest is home to many tropical species.

C2 adjective /ˌtɛmɪˈrɛəriəs/

temerarious

Meaning

Reckless or rash; showing a lack of caution.

Example

It was a temerarious decision to cross the river during the storm.

A1 noun /tɜːrn/

Turn

Meaning

an act of moving something in a circular direction; a change of direction; an opportunity to do something

Example

It's your turn to speak at the meeting.

A1 pronoun /ðiːz/

these

Meaning

used to refer to things or people that are near or present

Example

These are my friends.

C1 verb trænˈsɛnd

transcend

Meaning

To go beyond the limits of something; to surpass or exceed

Example

His effort to transcend traditional methods was commendable.

B2 noun /təˈreɪn/

terrain

Meaning

a stretch of land, especially with regard to its physical features

Example

The soldiers had to cross rough terrain during the mission.

B2 noun /temp.ˈteɪ.ʃən/

Temptation

Meaning

the desire to do something wrong or unwise; an urge to have or do something

Example

He resisted the temptation to eat the entire chocolate cake.

A1 noun /ˈtɔɪlət/

toilet

Meaning

a fixture used for the disposal of human waste

Example

The public toilet was clean and well maintained.

C2 adjective /ˈθʌroʊˌɡoʊɪŋ/

thoroughgoing

Meaning

carried out to the full extent; absolute and complete

Example

She is a thoroughgoing professional in every sense.

C1 adjective /ˌtɒpsi ˈtɜːvi/

topsy-turvy

Meaning

in a state of confusion, disorder, or upside down

Example

The sudden announcement left the office in a topsy-turvy state.

C1 noun /ˈtraɪ.pɒd/

tripod

Meaning

A three-legged stand used to support a camera, telescope, or other object.

Example

The photographer set up his camera on a tripod.

B2 noun /ˈtɪmbər/

timber

Meaning

wood prepared for use in building and carpentry

Example

The house was built entirely from local timber.

C1 noun /təˈpɒɡrəfi/

topography

Meaning

the arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area

Example

The topography of the region made construction very challenging.

A1 noun /trɪp/

trip

Meaning

a journey or excursion, especially for pleasure

Example

They took a trip to the mountains last summer.

C2 noun /təˈmɛrɪti/

temerity

Meaning

Excessive confidence or boldness; audacity.

Example

He had the temerity to challenge the professor’s argument.

C1 noun /təˈlɛpəθi/

telepathy

Meaning

the supposed communication of thoughts or ideas by means other than the known senses

Example

The twins claimed to share telepathy with each other.

B2 adjective /ˈtɪm.ɪd/

Timid

Meaning

shy and lacking confidence; easily frightened

Example

She was too timid to speak in public.

A2 noun ˌtræn.spɔːrˈteɪ.ʃən

Transportation

Meaning

The movement of people or goods from one place to another.

Example

Efficient transportation reduces costs.

A2 preposition /tɔːrd/

toward

Meaning

in the direction of

Example

She walked toward the door.

A2 noun /θɔːt/

thought

Meaning

an idea or opinion produced by thinking or considering something

Example

She had a sudden thought about the future.

C1 noun /tiː ˈstreɪnər/

Tea-strainer

Meaning

a small perforated device used to strain tea leaves from brewed tea

Example

I always use a tea-strainer when pouring tea into cups.

C1 verb /ˈtɑːrnɪʃ/

tarnish

Meaning

To lose luster, especially as a result of exposure to air or moisture; to damage reputation.

Example

The silver jewelry tarnished quickly when left in the open air.

C1 noun /ˈtɜːrbjələns/

turbulence

Meaning

Violent or unsteady movement of air, water, or some other fluid; disorder or conflict.

Example

The plane experienced severe turbulence during the flight.

A2 noun /tuːθ/

Tooth

Meaning

a hard white structure in the mouth used for biting and chewing food

Example

She brushes her teeth twice a day.

B1 adjective /ˈteknɪkəl/

Technical

Meaning

relating to or involving special skills or knowledge; requiring specialized training

Example

The manual contains technical instructions for operating the machine.

C2 verb /ˈtrʌŋkeɪt/

truncate

Meaning

to shorten something by cutting off the top or the end

Example

The article was truncated to fit the limited space.

C1 noun /ˈtɒr.ənt/

Torrent

Meaning

a strong and fast-moving stream of water or other liquid; a sudden, violent, and copious outpouring

Example

The heavy rain created a torrent of water rushing down the mountain.

B2 noun (plural) /ˈtæk.tɪks/

tactics

Meaning

specific methods or actions used to achieve a goal, especially in military or competition

Example

The team changed their tactics to win the game.

A2 noun /ˈtaʊ.əl/

Towel

Meaning

a piece of absorbent cloth or paper used for wiping or drying

Example

She wrapped herself in a soft towel after the shower.

B2 noun /ˈtrɪl.jən/

trillion

Meaning

a number equal to 1,000 billion, or 10^12

Example

The company's worth has risen to over a trillion dollars.

A1 adverb /təˈɡeðər/

Together

Meaning

with each other; in unity; at the same time

Example

We should work together to solve this problem.

B2 noun /θɛft/

theft

Meaning

the action or crime of stealing

Example

The theft of his wallet was reported to the police.

C1 noun /taɪˈreɪd/

tirade

Meaning

a long, angry, or critical speech

Example

The manager launched into a tirade about poor performance.

B2 noun, verb /tæɡ/

tag

Meaning

a label attached to something for identification or information; or to attach such a label

Example

She tagged her luggage before boarding the plane.

C2 noun /ˈtrɪbjuːn/

tribune

Meaning

a person or platform representing the people; historically, a Roman official elected to protect citizens' rights

Example

He was seen as a tribune of the common people.

C1 noun /ˈtaɪ.rənt/

Tyrant

Meaning

a cruel and oppressive ruler; a person who exercises power in a harsh manner

Example

The people rebelled against the cruel tyrant.

C1 adjective /ˈtɑːrdi/

tardy

Meaning

Delayed; arriving or happening late.

Example

The student received a warning for being tardy to class.

C1 adjective /traɪt/

trite

Meaning

Overused and lacking originality.

Example

The speech was full of trite phrases.

B2 adjective /ˌθiːəˈrɛtɪkl/

theoretical

Meaning

Concerned with or based on theory rather than practical application.

Example

The idea remains largely theoretical without real-world evidence.

B2 noun, verb /treɪs/

trace

Meaning

a mark, object, or sign that shows the existence or development of something

Example

She traced the path of the river on the map.

B2 noun /taɪˈfuːn/

typhoon

Meaning

a tropical storm in the region of the Indian or western Pacific oceans

Example

The typhoon caused severe flooding in the coastal areas.

B1 noun /θʌm/

Thumb

Meaning

the short thick finger of the human hand

Example

She gave me a thumbs up to show her approval.

C2 noun /tækˈsɒnəmɪst/

taxonomist

Meaning

A scientist who classifies organisms into groups based on their characteristics.

Example

The taxonomist discovered a new species of insect.

C1 noun /təˈræntjʊlə/

tarantula

Meaning

A large hairy spider found in warm regions.

Example

The tarantula crawled across the desert floor.

C2 adjective /trænzˈmɪsəbl/

transmissible

Meaning

able to be passed or spread from one person or thing to another

Example

COVID-19 is a highly transmissible disease.

B2 noun /traʊt/

Trout

Meaning

a freshwater fish species known for its delicate flavor and often found in cold, clear waters

Example

Rainbow trout is popular among anglers for sport fishing.

C1 verb /ˈθiːəraɪz/

theorize

Meaning

To form a theory or set of ideas to explain something.

Example

Scientists often theorize about the origins of the universe.

C2 adjective /ˈtɜːrdʒɪd/

turgid

Meaning

Swollen or distended; (of language) pompous and overcomplicated.

Example

The professor’s lecture was so turgid that many students lost interest.

C1 adjective /ˈtɜːrbjələnt/

turbulent

Meaning

Characterized by conflict, disorder, or confusion; not stable or calm.

Example

The country went through a turbulent period of political change.

C2 noun /ˈtʊrnɪkɪt/

tourniquet

Meaning

a device used to stop bleeding by compressing blood vessels

Example

The medic applied a tourniquet to stop the bleeding.

C1 noun /ˈtæntrəm/

tantrum

Meaning

An uncontrolled outburst of anger and frustration, typically in a young child.

Example

The child threw a tantrum when he didn’t get the toy.

C1 noun /ˈtruː.ənt/

Truant

Meaning

a student who stays away from school without permission; a person who shirks duty

Example

The principal called the parents when their child was caught playing truant.

B1 noun ˈtɑː.ɡɪt

target

Meaning

An object, person, or place selected as the aim of an attack or focus of attention.

Example

Achieving energy targets is critical for global progress.

A2 noun /tjuːb/

tube

Meaning

a hollow cylinder used to convey something, typically fluid

Example

He used a tube to measure the liquid.

C1 noun /ˈtrɪp.lət/

triplet

Meaning

One of three children or animals born at the same time to the same mother.

Example

The family was surprised to have triplets instead of twins.

C1 adjective /tɛkˈtɑː.nɪk/

tectonic

Meaning

Relating to the structure of the earth's crust and the large-scale processes that take place within it.

Example

Tectonic movements cause earthquakes and mountain formation.

B1 noun, verb /toʊn/

tone

Meaning

the general character or attitude of a place, piece of writing, situation, etc.

Example

The tone of the letter was very formal.

C2 noun /ˈtɜːrpɪtuːd/

turpitude

Meaning

depraved or wicked behavior or character

Example

The judge condemned the criminal’s act of moral turpitude.

B2 noun /ˌtɜːrmɪˈneɪʃən/

termination

Meaning

the act of ending something or the state of being ended

Example

The termination of the contract caused financial loss.

B2 adjective /ˌθɛr.əˈpjuː.tɪk/

therapeutic

Meaning

Having a healing or beneficial effect on the body or mind.

Example

Meditation is highly therapeutic for mental well-being.

B1 noun /twɪst/

Twist

Meaning

a turn, curve, or bend; an unexpected development; a dance

Example

The story had an unexpected twist at the end.

A2 noun /teɪp/

tape

Meaning

a long, narrow strip of material, often sticky on one side, used for fastening or sticking things together

Example

I need some tape to seal this box.

A1 adjective /ˈθɜrti/

thirty

Meaning

equivalent to the number 30

Example

He is thirty years old.

B2 verb /trænzˈmɪt/

transmit

Meaning

to send or pass something from one place or person to another

Example

The antenna can transmit signals over a long distance.

B2 adjective /ˈθɔːtˌproʊvɪkɪŋ/

thought-provoking

Meaning

stimulating careful consideration or thought

Example

The movie was deeply thought-provoking and left a lasting impression.

C1 noun /truːp/

troupe

Meaning

A group of dancers, actors, or performers who work together.

Example

The theater troupe performed brilliantly on stage.

C1 noun /ˈtæpəstri/

tapestry

Meaning

A piece of thick textile fabric with pictures or designs woven into it, often hung on walls.

Example

The museum displayed an ancient tapestry from the 15th century.

B2 noun /ˈtɜːnˌəʊvə/

turnover

Meaning

the amount of business conducted during a particular period, or the rate at which employees leave a company

Example

The company reported a high turnover in its sales department.

A1 adjective /twɛlv/

twelve

Meaning

the number equivalent to 12

Example

There are twelve months in a year.

B2 verb /ˈtɪkəl/

Tickle

Meaning

to touch someone lightly to make them laugh; to amuse or please

Example

The feather tickles when it touches your skin.

C2 adjective /ˈtɔːrpɪd/

torpid

Meaning

Mentally or physically inactive; sluggish or lethargic.

Example

After the long hike, he felt torpid and unmotivated.

B2 verb /ˈtɛmpər/

temper

Meaning

to moderate, soften, or tone down something; also to strengthen by heat treatment (as in metal).

Example

She tried to temper her criticism with kindness.

C2 verb /ˈtɪtər/

titter

Meaning

to laugh in a quiet, nervous, or restrained way

Example

The students began to titter when the projector froze.

B2 noun ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃən

transformation

Meaning

A thorough or dramatic change in form, appearance, or character; a complete alteration or evolution.

Example

Digital literacy leads to economic transformation.

C1 noun /trænsˈfjuːʒən/

transfusion

Meaning

the process of transferring blood or another fluid into a person's vein

Example

The patient received a blood transfusion after the accident.

C2 adjective /trænzˈæl.paɪn/

transalpine

Meaning

situated beyond or across the Alps, especially from the viewpoint of Italy

Example

The Romans referred to France as Transalpine Gaul.

B2 noun /ˈtroʊfi/

trophy

Meaning

An object awarded as a prize for a victory or achievement.

Example

She proudly displayed the trophy she won in the competition.

C1 verb /ˈtɒpl/

topple

Meaning

to fall or cause to fall over; to overthrow

Example

The earthquake caused the old building to topple.

C2 noun /taɪð/

tithe

Meaning

A tenth part of one’s income or produce, often given as a religious offering.

Example

He gave a tithe of his earnings to the church.

B2 noun /ˈter.ər.ɪ.zəm/

Terrorism

Meaning

the unlawful use of violence and intimidation against civilians for political aims

Example

The government increased security measures to prevent terrorism.

B1 noun trend

trend

Meaning

A general direction in which something is developing or changing; a pattern or tendency.

Example

The current trend of deforestation is alarming.

B1 verb /trænsˈleɪt/

translate

Meaning

to express words or text in another language

Example

She can translate five languages.

B1 noun /twɪn/

twin

Meaning

either of two children born at the same time to the same mother

Example

They have twin girls.

C1 adjective /ˈtæksɪŋ/

taxing

Meaning

Requiring a lot of effort; physically or mentally demanding.

Example

Preparing for the exam was a taxing experience.

B1 verb /tɛmpt/

tempt

Meaning

to entice or attract someone to do something, often something wrong or unwise

Example

The smell of fresh bread tempted him to enter the bakery.

A2 noun /tʌŋ/

Tongue

Meaning

the muscular organ in the mouth used for tasting, speaking, and swallowing; a language

Example

The doctor asked him to stick out his tongue for examination.

B2 verb /triːd/

tread

Meaning

to step or walk on something; to crush with feet

Example

Don't tread on the flowers.

B2 noun /ˈtɔːtʃər/

torture

Meaning

the action or practice of inflicting severe pain on someone as a punishment or to force them to do something

Example

He was subjected to torture during the interrogation.

A2 noun /ˈtaɪ.ɡər/

Tiger

Meaning

a very large solitary cat with a yellow-brown coat striped with black, native to the forests of Asia

Example

The tiger hunted silently through the jungle.

C2 noun /ˈtrɛntʃərmən/

trencherman

Meaning

a person who eats in a hearty or robust manner; a big eater

Example

The trencherman devoured the feast with great enthusiasm.

C2 adjective /ˈtaɪmwɔːrn/

timeworn

Meaning

Worn or impaired by age; old and used many times.

Example

The timeworn house carried a sense of history and nostalgia.

C1 noun trænˈsɛndəns

transcendence

Meaning

Existence or experience beyond the normal or physical level.

Example

The artist's work was a symbol of transcendence in creativity.

B2 noun ˈθrɛʃhəʊld

threshold

Meaning

A point of entry or beginning; the magnitude or intensity that must be exceeded for a certain reaction to occur.

Example

Once the threshold for pest population is reached, measures must be taken.

C2 noun /ˌθɜː.məʊˈdʒen.ɪ.sɪs/

thermogenesis

Meaning

The process of heat production in living organisms, often associated with burning calories and energy expenditure.

Example

Spicy foods can enhance thermogenesis and calorie burning.

C1 noun /trɔːf/

trough

Meaning

A long, narrow container from which animals eat or drink; also, a low point between waves or in business cycles.

Example

The cows drank water from the wooden trough.

C1 noun /taɪˈpɒɡrəfi/

typography

Meaning

the art and technique of arranging type to make written language legible and visually appealing

Example

Good typography improves the readability of a website.

B2 noun ˈterɪtəri

territory

Meaning

An area of land under the jurisdiction of a ruler or state.

Example

The king expanded his territory.

A2 noun /tent/

Tent

Meaning

a portable shelter made of cloth or canvas; military accommodation

Example

The soldiers set up their tent in the military camp.

B2 noun /ˈtɜːrkwɔɪz/

turquoise

Meaning

a greenish-blue color or gemstone

Example

She wore a necklace with a beautiful turquoise stone.

B2 verb ˈtrɪɡərz

triggers

Meaning

To cause or initiate something to happen

Example

Air pollution triggers chronic diseases.

A2 noun /ˈtreɪnɪŋ/

training

Meaning

the process of teaching or learning a particular skill or type of behavior

Example

She completed her training as a nurse last year.

A2 noun /ˈtæk.si kæb/

Taxi cab

Meaning

A car that carries passengers for a fare, usually in cities

Example

We took a taxi cab to the restaurant.

B2 adjective /ˈtɛlɪŋ/

telling

Meaning

Revealing something significant or giving important information.

Example

Her silence was more telling than words.

A2 noun /ˈtɛstɪŋ/

testing

Meaning

the process of assessing or evaluating something, often by trying it out

Example

The testing of the new software is still ongoing.